Isesengura ryimikorere ninganda zikoreshwa zinganda zimashini
I. Intangiriro
Imashini zikora, nkibikoresho byingenzi mubikorwa bigezweho, bizwiho ubuhanga buhanitse, gukora neza, hamwe nibikorwa byinshi. Bahuza uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya kandi barashoboye kurangiza gutunganya ibintu byinshi mubice bigoye mugice kimwe, bikagabanya cyane igihe cyo guhinduranya ibikorwa byakazi hagati yimashini zitandukanye hamwe namakosa yo gufunga, kandi bigateza imbere kuburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya no gukora neza. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibigo bitunganya imashini, nkibigo bitunganya imashini zihagaritse, ibigo bitunganya imashini itambitse, ibigo bitunganya ameza menshi, hamwe n’ibigo bitunganya imashini, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye yimiterere ninyungu zimikorere, bikwiranye no gutunganya ubwoko butandukanye bwibice hamwe nibisabwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Gusobanukirwa byimbitse biranga imikorere yibi bigo byimashini bifite akamaro kanini muguhitamo neza no gukoresha ibigo bikora imashini kugirango bizamure urwego rwumusaruro nubwiza bwibicuruzwa byinganda.
Imashini zikora, nkibikoresho byingenzi mubikorwa bigezweho, bizwiho ubuhanga buhanitse, gukora neza, hamwe nibikorwa byinshi. Bahuza uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya kandi barashoboye kurangiza gutunganya ibintu byinshi mubice bigoye mugice kimwe, bikagabanya cyane igihe cyo guhinduranya ibikorwa byakazi hagati yimashini zitandukanye hamwe namakosa yo gufunga, kandi bigateza imbere kuburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya no gukora neza. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibigo bitunganya imashini, nkibigo bitunganya imashini zihagaritse, ibigo bitunganya imashini itambitse, ibigo bitunganya ameza menshi, hamwe n’ibigo bitunganya imashini, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye yimiterere ninyungu zimikorere, bikwiranye no gutunganya ubwoko butandukanye bwibice hamwe nibisabwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Gusobanukirwa byimbitse biranga imikorere yibi bigo byimashini bifite akamaro kanini muguhitamo neza no gukoresha ibigo bikora imashini kugirango bizamure urwego rwumusaruro nubwiza bwibicuruzwa byinganda.
II. Ibigo Bikora Imashini
(A) Ibiranga imikorere
- Ubushobozi bwimashini nyinshi
Uruziga rutunganijwe neza kandi rushobora kurangiza inzira zitandukanye zo gutunganya nko gusya, kurambirana, gucukura, gukanda, no gukata urudodo. Ifite byibuze bitatu-axis ebyiri-ihuza, kandi muri rusange irashobora kugera kuri-axis eshatu-ihuza. Moderi zimwe zohejuru zirashobora no gukora eshanu-axis hamwe na esheshatu-kugenzura, zishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gutunganya ibintu bigoye ugereranije bigoramye. Kurugero, mubikorwa byububiko, mugihe cyo gusya cyurwungano ngogozi, hejuru-yuzuye igororotse igaragara irashobora kugerwaho binyuze mumirongo myinshi. - Ibyiza mugukata no gukemura
- Gufata neza: Ibice byakazi birashobora gufatanwa byoroshye kandi bigahagarikwa, kandi ibikoresho bisanzwe nkibikoresho bisobekeranye, isahani yumuvuduko, imitwe igabanya, hamwe nameza azunguruka. Kubice bito bifite imiterere isanzwe cyangwa idasanzwe, pliers-jaw pliers irashobora kubikosora byihuse, byoroshye gutunganya ibyiciro.
- Gukemura Intangiriro: Inzira yimikorere yigikoresho cyo gukata biroroshye kubona. Mugihe cyo gukemura gahunda, abashoramari barashobora kubona byimazeyo inzira ikora igikoresho cyo gukata, cyoroshye kugenzura no gupima mugihe. Niba hari ibibazo bibonetse, imashini irashobora guhita ihagarikwa kugirango itunganywe cyangwa porogaramu irashobora guhinduka. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice gishya cya kontour, amakosa arashobora gutahurwa byihuse nukureba niba inzira yo gukata inzira ihuye ninzira yateganijwe.
- Gukonjesha neza no gukuramo Chip
- Gukonjesha neza: Ibihe bikonje biroroshye gushiraho, kandi gukonjesha birashobora kugera mu buryo butaziguye igikoresho cyo gutema no gutunganya imashini, bikagabanya neza kwambara ibikoresho hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gutunganya akazi, kandi bikazamura ubwiza bwubuso bwimashini. Iyo ukata ibikoresho byicyuma, ibikoresho bihagije bya coolant birashobora kugabanya ihindagurika ryumuriro wigikoresho cyo gutema kandi bigakorwa neza.
- Gukuraho Chip Byoroheje: Chip iroroshye kuyikuramo no kugwa. Bitewe ningaruka za rukuruzi, chip mubisanzwe biragwa, birinda ibihe aho chip zishushanya hejuru yimashini. Ibi birakwiriye cyane cyane gutunganya ibikoresho byuma byoroheje nka aluminium na muringa, bikarinda ibisigazwa bya chip kutagira ingaruka hejuru yubuso.
(B) Inganda zikoreshwa
- Inganda zikora imashini zikora neza: Nkugukora ibice bito bisobanutse, harimo ibice byamasaha, ibice bito byubatswe byububiko bwa elegitoroniki, nibindi.
- Inganda zikora ibicuruzwa: Kubijyanye no gutunganya ibyobo hamwe na cores zuduce duto, ibigo bitunganya vertical birashobora gukora byoroshye nko gusya no gucukura. Hifashishijwe ibikorwa byinshi byo guhuza ibikorwa, gutunganya ibice bigoye bigoramye birashobora kugerwaho, bigatezimbere neza neza nibikorwa byogukora neza kandi bikagabanya ibiciro byinganda.
- Uburezi n'Ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi: Muri laboratoire y’ubuhanga bw’ubukanishi muri za kaminuza n'amashuri makuru cyangwa ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, ibigo bikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoreshwa mu myigishirize yerekana imyigishirize hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu bice by’imishinga y’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bitewe n’imikorere yabo igereranije n’uburyo bworoshye, bifasha abanyeshuri n’abashakashatsi mu bya siyansi kumenyera imikorere n’imashini zikoreshwa mu bigo by’imashini.
III. Imashini zitambitse
(A) Ibiranga imikorere
- Imashini nyinshi-Imashini hamwe na Precision yo hejuru
Umuzenguruko washyizwe mu buryo butambitse, kandi muri rusange ufite amashoka atatu kugeza kuri atanu ahuza amashoka, akenshi afite ibikoresho bizunguruka cyangwa ameza azenguruka, ashobora kugera kumashini menshi. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibice byubwoko bwibisanduku, ukoresheje ameza azunguruka, gusya, kurambirana, gucukura, gukanda, nibindi birashobora gukorwa muburyo bukurikiranye kumpande enye, byemeza neza ko buri mwanya uhagaze neza. Ikibanza cyacyo gishobora kugera kuri 10 mm - 20μm, umuvuduko wa spindle uri muri 10 - 10000r / min, kandi ibyemezo byibuze ni 1μm, bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gutunganya ibice byuzuye neza. - Ikinyamakuru kinini cyubushobozi
Ubushobozi bwikinyamakuru cyibikoresho muri rusange ni binini, kandi bimwe birashobora kubika ibikoresho byo gutema amagana. Ibi bifasha gutunganya ibice bigoye nta guhinduranya ibikoresho kenshi, kugabanya igihe cyo gufashanya no kunoza umusaruro. Kurugero, mugutunganya ibice byindege, ubwoko butandukanye nibisobanuro byibikoresho byo gutema birashobora gukenerwa, kandi ikinyamakuru kinini cyibikoresho gishobora kwemeza ko inzira yo gutunganya ikomeza. - Ibyiza muri Batch Machine
Kubice byubwoko bwibisanduku byakozwe mubice, mugihe cyose bifatanye rimwe kumeza yizunguruka, amasura menshi arashobora gutunganywa, kandi kubibazo aho ibisabwa byo kwihanganira imyanya nkibisanzwe hagati yimyobo yimyobo, perpendicularité hagati yimyobo no mumaso yanyuma birarenze, biroroshye kwemeza neza gutunganya neza. Bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwo gukemura ibibazo, uko umubare wibice bikozwe, niko umwanya ugereranije buri gice gifata ibikoresho byimashini, bityo rero birakwiriye gutunganywa. Kurugero, mugukora moteri yimodoka, gukoresha ibigo bitunganya imashini birashobora kuzamura imikorere yumusaruro mugihe byemeza ubuziranenge.
(B) Inganda zikoreshwa
- Inganda zikora ibinyabiziga: Gutunganya ibice byubwoko bwibisanduku nka moteri ya moteri hamwe na silinderi ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya ibigo bitambitse. Ibi bice bifite imiterere igoye, hamwe na sisitemu ninshi nindege zigomba gutunganywa, nibisabwa cyane kugirango imyanya ihagaze neza. Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amasura menshi hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye biranga ibigo bitunganya ibinyabiziga bitambitse birashobora kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kandi bigakora imikorere kandi yizewe ya moteri yimodoka.
- Inganda zo mu kirere: Ibigize nka moteri ya moteri n'ibikoresho byo kugwa bya moteri yo mu kirere bifite imiterere igoye kandi bisabwa cyane kugirango igipimo cyo kuvanaho ibintu, gutunganya neza, hamwe n'ubuziranenge bw'ubutaka. Ikinyamakuru kinini cyibikoresho byubushobozi hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bwo gutunganya ibigo bitunganya horizontal birashobora gukemura ibibazo byo gutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye (nka titanium alloy, aluminiyumu, nibindi), byemeza ko ubuziranenge nibikorwa byindege byujuje ubuziranenge.
- Inganda zikora imashini ziremereye: Nkugutunganya ibice binini byubwoko bwibisanduku nkibisanduku bigabanya ibitanda byimashini. Ibi bice ni binini mubunini kandi biremereye muburemere. Imiterere ya horizontal izengurutswe hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukata ibigo bitunganya imashini zirashobora kubikora neza, bikareba neza uburinganire nuburinganire bwibice, guhuza inteko no gukoresha ibisabwa byimashini ziremereye.
IV. Ibigo byinshi byo kumashini
(A) Ibiranga imikorere
- Imbonerahamwe myinshi Kumurongo Kumashanyarazi no Kumashini
Ifite imirimo irenga ibiri isimburwa, kandi guhanahana amakuru bigerwaho binyuze mumihanda yo gutwara. Mugihe cyo gutunganya, gufatira kumurongo birashobora kugerwaho, ni ukuvuga gutunganya no gupakira no gupakurura ibihangano bikorwa icyarimwe. Kurugero, mugihe utegura icyiciro cyibice bimwe cyangwa bitandukanye, mugihe igihangano cyakazi kumurimo umwe urimo gutunganywa, izindi mirimo irashobora gukora gupakira no gupakurura ibihangano hamwe nakazi ko gutegura, bikazamura cyane igipimo cyo gukoresha ibikoresho byimashini no gukora neza. - Sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho hamwe nubushobozi bunini bwikinyamakuru
Ifata sisitemu igezweho ya CNC ifite umuvuduko wo kubara byihuse hamwe nubushobozi bunini bwo kwibuka, bushobora gukora imirimo igoye yo gutunganya hamwe na logique yo kugenzura kumeza menshi. Mugihe kimwe, ikinyamakuru cyigikoresho gifite ubushobozi bunini bwo kuzuza ibikoresho bitandukanye bisabwa mugihe cyo gutunganya ibihangano bitandukanye. Imiterere yacyo iragoye, kandi igikoresho cyimashini gifata ahantu hanini kugirango habeho imirimo myinshi hamwe nuburyo bwo kohereza.
(B) Inganda zikoreshwa
- Inganda za elegitoroniki n’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi: Kubyiciro byumusaruro wibishishwa hamwe nibice byubatswe mubicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya elegitoroniki, ibigo bitunganya ameza menshi birashobora guhindura byihuse imirimo itandukanye yo gukora kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa muburyo butandukanye bwibicuruzwa. Kurugero, mugutunganya ibishishwa bya terefone igendanwa, imirasire ya mudasobwa nibindi bice, binyuze mumirimo ihuriweho nimbonerahamwe myinshi, umusaruro urakorwa neza kugirango uhuze isoko kugirango hongerwe vuba ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.
- Inganda zubuvuzi: Ibikoresho byubuvuzi akenshi bifite ibintu byinshi bitandukanye kandi bisabwa neza. Ibigo byinshi byo gutunganya imashini birashobora gukora imashini zitandukanye zubuvuzi bwibikoresho byubuvuzi ku gikoresho kimwe, nkibikoresho hamwe nibice bigize ibikoresho byo kubaga. Binyuze kuri clamping kumurongo hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho, gutunganya neza no guhuza ibice birashimangirwa, bikazamura ubwiza bwumusaruro nubushobozi bwibikoresho byubuvuzi.
- Inganda zikora imashini zikoreshwa: Kubikorwa bito-bicuruzwa bimwe byabigenewe, ibigo bitunganya ameza menshi birashobora gusubiza byoroshye. Kurugero, kubice byashizwe mumashanyarazi ukurikije ibyifuzo byabakiriya byihariye, buri cyegeranyo ntigishobora kugira ubwinshi ariko butandukanye. Ibigo byinshi byo gutunganya ameza birashobora guhindura byihuse uburyo bwo gutunganya nuburyo bwo gufatira hamwe, kugabanya igiciro cyumusaruro no kugabanya umusaruro mugihe hagaragaye ubuziranenge.
V. Ibigo bikora imashini
(A) Ibiranga imikorere
- Imashini nyinshi-Imashini hamwe nubwishingizi buhanitse
Nyuma yo gufatira kumurongo umwe wakazi, amasura menshi arashobora gutunganywa. Ikigo gisanzwe cyo gutunganya amasura atanu kirashobora kurangiza gutunganya amasura atanu usibye kuzamuka mumaso yo hepfo nyuma yo gufatana kamwe, bifite imikorere yibigo byombi bihagaritse kandi bitambitse. Mugihe cyo gutunganya, kwihanganira imyanya yibikorwa birashobora kwizerwa neza, ukirinda gukusanya amakosa yatewe no gufunga byinshi. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibice bimwe byo mu kirere bifite imiterere igoye hamwe namasura menshi yo gutunganya, ikigo gikora imashini gishobora kurangiza uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya nko gusya, kurambirana, gucukura mumaso menshi mugace kamwe, byemeza neza ko imyanya ihagaze neza kuri buri sura. - Imikorere myinshi Kumenyekanisha kuri Spindle cyangwa Kuzenguruka kumeza
Imiterere imwe ni uko umuzenguruko uzunguruka ku mpande zijyanye no guhinduka ikigo gihagaritse cyangwa gitambitse; ikindi ni uko imbonerahamwe izunguruka hamwe nakazi keza mugihe spindle idahindura icyerekezo cyayo kugirango igere kumashini atanu. Igishushanyo-cyimikorere myinshi ituma imashini ikora 中心 guhuza nibikorwa byakazi bifite imiterere itandukanye nibisabwa, ariko kandi biganisha kumiterere igoye kandi igiciro kinini.
(B) Inganda zikoreshwa
- Inganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zikora inganda: Kubintu bimwe binini, bigoye byerekana ibinyabiziga cyangwa ibishishwa byatewe inshinge, ikigo gikora imashini gishobora kurangiza gutunganya neza cyane amasura menshi yibibumbano mugihe kimwe, harimo gutunganya ibyobo, ingirangingo nibintu bitandukanye kumpande, kunoza imikorere yubukorikori hamwe nubwiza rusange bwikibumbano, no kugabanya ibikorwa byoguhindura mugihe cyo guterana.
- Uruganda rukora neza mu kirere: Ibice by'ingenzi nka blade na moteri ya moteri yo mu kirere bifite imiterere igoye kandi bisabwa cyane kugirango bisobanuke neza kandi neza. Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amasura menshi hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bwubushobozi bwikigo gikora imashini irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gutunganya ibyo bice, bigatuma imikorere yabyo no kwizerwa mugihe cyakazi gikabije nkubushyuhe bwinshi numuvuduko mwinshi.
- Inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru: Kubijyanye no gutunganya ibice byingenzi byibikoresho byimashini za CNC zisobanutse neza, nko gutunganya ibitanda byibikoresho byimashini hamwe ninkingi, uruganda rukora imashini rushobora kurangiza gutunganya amasura menshi yibice bigize ibyo bice, bigatuma perpendicularite, ibangikanye 度 nubundi buryo buhagaze neza mubikorwa bya tekinoroji ya CNC, no guteza imbere ibikoresho bya tekinoroji ya CNC.
VI. Umwanzuro
Ibigo bitunganya imashini bigira uruhare runini mu nganda nkibice bito bitomoye hamwe ninganda zikora ibicuruzwa hamwe nibyiza byo gufatira hamwe no gukemura ibibazo; ibigo bitunganya horizontal bikoreshwa cyane mubice nkimodoka nindege hamwe nibyiza byabo byo gutunganya byinshi-axis, ikinyamakuru kinini cyibikoresho byububiko hamwe no gutunganya ibyiciro; ibigo byinshi byo gutunganya ameza bikwiranye nicyiciro cyangwa ibicuruzwa byabigenewe mu nganda nka electronics nibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi hamwe no gufatira kumurongo hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutunganya imirimo myinshi; ibigo bitunganya imashini bifata umwanya wingenzi mubikorwa byo murwego rwohejuru nko gukora ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bitunganijwe neza hamwe n’imashini zabo zo mu maso hamwe n’ibiranga ubwishingizi buhanitse. Mu nganda zigezweho, ukurikije ibice bitandukanye byo gutunganya no kwerekana umusaruro, guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro no gushyira mu bikorwa ubwoko butandukanye bw’imashini zishobora gukoresha neza imikorere yazo, kuzamura umusaruro n’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, no guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zikora inganda zigana ubwenge, neza kandi neza. Hagati aho, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, imikorere y’ibigo bitunganya imashini izakomeza kunozwa no kwagurwa, itanga ubufasha bukomeye bwa tekiniki mu guhanga udushya no kuzamura inganda zikora.
Ibigo bitunganya imashini bigira uruhare runini mu nganda nkibice bito bitomoye hamwe ninganda zikora ibicuruzwa hamwe nibyiza byo gufatira hamwe no gukemura ibibazo; ibigo bitunganya horizontal bikoreshwa cyane mubice nkimodoka nindege hamwe nibyiza byabo byo gutunganya byinshi-axis, ikinyamakuru kinini cyibikoresho byububiko hamwe no gutunganya ibyiciro; ibigo byinshi byo gutunganya ameza bikwiranye nicyiciro cyangwa ibicuruzwa byabigenewe mu nganda nka electronics nibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi hamwe no gufatira kumurongo hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutunganya imirimo myinshi; ibigo bitunganya imashini bifata umwanya wingenzi mubikorwa byo murwego rwohejuru nko gukora ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bitunganijwe neza hamwe n’imashini zabo zo mu maso hamwe n’ibiranga ubwishingizi buhanitse. Mu nganda zigezweho, ukurikije ibice bitandukanye byo gutunganya no kwerekana umusaruro, guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro no gushyira mu bikorwa ubwoko butandukanye bw’imashini zishobora gukoresha neza imikorere yazo, kuzamura umusaruro n’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, no guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zikora inganda zigana ubwenge, neza kandi neza. Hagati aho, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, imikorere y’ibigo bitunganya imashini izakomeza kunozwa no kwagurwa, itanga ubufasha bukomeye bwa tekiniki mu guhanga udushya no kuzamura inganda zikora.