I. Amahame noguhindura ibintu byo gusya kuzamuka no gusya bisanzwe mumashini ya CNC yo gusya
(A) Amahame n'ingaruka zijyanye no gusya hejuru
Mugihe cyo gutunganya imashini isya CNC, gusya kuzamuka nuburyo bwihariye bwo gusya. Iyo icyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka igice aho gusya gusya bihuza akazi ni kimwe nicyerekezo cyo kugaburira akazi, byitwa kuzamuka. Ubu buryo bwo gusya bufitanye isano rya bugufi nuburyo bwo gukanika imiterere yimashini isya, cyane cyane gutandukanya ibinyomoro na screw. Kubijyanye no gusya kuzamuka, kubera ko imbaraga zo gusya zitambitse zizahinduka kandi hakabaho itandukaniro hagati ya screw nimbuto, ibi bizatuma akazi gakorwa hamwe na screw igenda ibumoso niburyo. Uru rugendo rwigihe nikibazo cyingenzi gihura nogusya kuzamuka, bigatuma urujya n'uruza rwakazi rudahungabana cyane. Ibyangiritse kubikoresho byo gutema byatewe niyi mikorere idahindagurika biragaragara kandi biroroshye guteza ibyangiritse kumenyo yigikoresho cyo gutema.
Mugihe cyo gutunganya imashini isya CNC, gusya kuzamuka nuburyo bwihariye bwo gusya. Iyo icyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka igice aho gusya gusya bihuza akazi ni kimwe nicyerekezo cyo kugaburira akazi, byitwa kuzamuka. Ubu buryo bwo gusya bufitanye isano rya bugufi nuburyo bwo gukanika imiterere yimashini isya, cyane cyane gutandukanya ibinyomoro na screw. Kubijyanye no gusya kuzamuka, kubera ko imbaraga zo gusya zitambitse zizahinduka kandi hakabaho itandukaniro hagati ya screw nimbuto, ibi bizatuma akazi gakorwa hamwe na screw igenda ibumoso niburyo. Uru rugendo rwigihe nikibazo cyingenzi gihura nogusya kuzamuka, bigatuma urujya n'uruza rwakazi rudahungabana cyane. Ibyangiritse kubikoresho byo gutema byatewe niyi mikorere idahindagurika biragaragara kandi biroroshye guteza ibyangiritse kumenyo yigikoresho cyo gutema.
Ariko, gusya kuzamuka nabyo bifite ibyiza byihariye. Icyerekezo cyibikoresho byo gusya bihagaritse mugihe cyo gusya kuzamuka ni ugukanda ahakorerwa kumurimo. Kuri iki kibazo, ibintu byo kunyerera no guterana hagati y amenyo yigikoresho cyo gukata hamwe nubuso bwakorewe ni bito. Ibi bifite akamaro kanini kubikorwa byo gutunganya. Ubwa mbere, nibyiza kugabanya kwambara amenyo yigikoresho cyo gutema. Kugabanya kwambara amenyo yigikoresho cyo gukata bivuze ko ubuzima bwa serivisi bwigikoresho cyo gukata bushobora kongerwa, kugabanya igiciro cyo gukora. Icya kabiri, uku kugereranya guto gushobora kugabanya akazi gakomeye. Gukomera kumurimo bizongera ubukana bwibikoresho byakazi, bitajyanye nuburyo bukurikira bwo gutunganya. Kugabanya akazi gakomeye bifasha kwemeza ubwiza bwibikorwa byakazi. Byongeye kandi, gusya kuzamuka birashobora kandi kugabanya ubukana bwubuso, bigatuma ubuso bwibikorwa byakorewe imashini byoroha, bikaba byiza cyane mugukora ibihangano bikenerwa nibisabwa cyane kugirango ubuziranenge bwubuso.
Twabibutsa ko gukoresha urusyo ruzamuka bifite aho bigarukira. Iyo itandukaniro riri hagati ya screw nimbuto yumurimo wakazi bishobora guhinduka kugeza kuri mm 0,03, ibyiza byo gusya kuzamuka birashobora gukoreshwa neza kuko ikibazo cyimodoka gishobora kugenzurwa neza muriki gihe. Mubyongeyeho, iyo gusya ibinini kandi birebire, gukora urusyo nabyo ni byiza. Ibikorwa bito kandi birebire bisaba uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu bihamye mugihe cyo gutunganya. Imbaraga zihagaritse imbaraga zo kuzamuka gusya bifasha gutunganya igikorwa no kugabanya ibibazo nka deformasiyo mugihe cyo gutunganya.
(B) Amahame n'ingaruka zijyanye no gusya bisanzwe
Gusya bisanzwe ni ikinyuranyo cyo gusya. Iyo icyerekezo cyerekezo cyigice aho gusya gusya bihuza urupapuro rwakazi rutandukanye nibiryo 方向 byakazi, byitwa gusya bisanzwe. Mugihe cyo gusya bisanzwe, icyerekezo cyingufu zoguhindura imbaraga ni ukuzamura igihangano, bizatera intera kunyerera hagati y amenyo yigikoresho cyo gukata hamwe nubuso bwakorewe imashini kwiyongera no guterana kwiyongera. Uku guterana kwinshi kuzana kuzana urukurikirane rwibibazo, nko kongera kwambara igikoresho cyo gutema no gutuma akazi gakomera ibintu byububiko bwakorewe uburemere. Imirimo ikomera yubuso bwakorewe imashini bizongera ubukana bwubuso, bigabanye ubukana bwibikoresho, kandi birashobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere nubuziranenge bwuburyo bukurikira bwo gutunganya.
Gusya bisanzwe ni ikinyuranyo cyo gusya. Iyo icyerekezo cyerekezo cyigice aho gusya gusya bihuza urupapuro rwakazi rutandukanye nibiryo 方向 byakazi, byitwa gusya bisanzwe. Mugihe cyo gusya bisanzwe, icyerekezo cyingufu zoguhindura imbaraga ni ukuzamura igihangano, bizatera intera kunyerera hagati y amenyo yigikoresho cyo gukata hamwe nubuso bwakorewe imashini kwiyongera no guterana kwiyongera. Uku guterana kwinshi kuzana kuzana urukurikirane rwibibazo, nko kongera kwambara igikoresho cyo gutema no gutuma akazi gakomera ibintu byububiko bwakorewe uburemere. Imirimo ikomera yubuso bwakorewe imashini bizongera ubukana bwubuso, bigabanye ubukana bwibikoresho, kandi birashobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere nubuziranenge bwuburyo bukurikira bwo gutunganya.
Nyamara, gusya bisanzwe nabyo bifite inyungu zabyo. Icyerekezo cyibikoresho byo gusya bitambitse mugihe cyo gusya bisanzwe bihabanye nicyerekezo cyo kugaburira icyerekezo cyakazi. Ibi biranga bifasha screw nimbuto guhuza neza. Muri iki kibazo, urujya n'uruza rw'akazi rukora neza. Iyo gusya ibihangano bifite ubukana butaringaniye nko guta no kwibagirwa, aho hashobora kuba hari uruhu rukomeye hejuru nibindi bihe bigoye, ituze ryurusyo rusanzwe rishobora kugabanya kwambara amenyo yigikoresho cyo gutema. Kuberako mugihe utunganya ibihangano nkibi, igikoresho cyo gukata gikeneye kwihanganira imbaraga nini zo gutema hamwe nuburyo bwo gukata bigoye. Niba urujya n'uruza rw'imirimo idahindagurika, bizongera ibyangiritse ku gikoresho cyo gutema, kandi gusya bisanzwe birashobora kugabanya iki kibazo ku rugero runaka.
II. Isesengura rirambuye riranga Kuzamuka Kuzamuka no gusya bisanzwe muri mashini za CNC
(A) Isesengura ryimbitse riranga ibiranga gusya
- Impinduka mugukata umubyimba hamwe nuburyo bwo gutema
Mugihe cyo gusya, ubunini bwo gukata buri menyo yigikoresho cyo gukata byerekana uburyo bwo kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva kuri bito kugeza binini. Iyo iryinyo ryigikoresho cyo gukata rihuza gusa nakazi, ubunini bwo gukata ni zeru. Ibi bivuze ko iryinyo ryigikoresho cyo gukata cyanyerera hejuru yo gukata hasigara iryinyo ryabanjirije igikoresho cyo gutema murwego rwambere. Gusa iyo iryinyo ryigikoresho cyo gukata ryanyuze intera runaka kuri ubu buso bwo gukata kandi ubugari bwo gutema bugera ku gaciro runaka, iryinyo ryigikoresho cyo gukata ritangira gukata. Ubu buryo bwo guhindura ubukana bwo gutandukana buratandukanye cyane nubusya busanzwe. Mugihe kimwe cyo guca ibintu, ubu buryo budasanzwe bwo gutangira gukata bugira ingaruka zikomeye kumyambarire yo gukata. Kubera ko iryinyo ryigikoresho cyo gukata rifite inzira yo kunyerera mbere yo gutangira gukata, ingaruka kumpera yo gukata igikoresho cyo gukata ni gito, gifite akamaro mukurinda igikoresho cyo gutema. - Gukata Inzira no Kwambara Ibikoresho
Ugereranije no gusya bisanzwe, inzira amenyo yigikoresho cyo gutema agenda kumurimo mugihe cyo gusya ni ngufi. Ibi ni ukubera ko uburyo bwo gukata bwo gusya butera inzira yo guhuza hagati yigikoresho cyo gukata hamwe nakazi keza cyane. Mubihe nkibi, mugihe kimwe cyo gukata, kwambara igikoresho cyo gutema mugihe ukoresheje gusya kuzamuka ni bito. Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko gusya kuzamuka bidakwiriye kubikorwa byose. Kubera ko amenyo yigikoresho cyo gutema atangira gukata hejuru yumurimo wigihe cyose, niba hari uruhu rukomeye hejuru yakazi, nkibice bimwe na bimwe byakazi nyuma yo guterera cyangwa guhimba utabanje kuvurwa, gusya kuzamuka ntibikwiye. Kuberako ubukana bwuruhu rukomeye buringaniye, bizagira ingaruka nini kumenyo yigikoresho cyo gutema, kwihutisha kwambara igikoresho cyo gutema, ndetse bishobora no kwangiza igikoresho cyo gutema. - Gukata Guhindura no Gukoresha Imbaraga
Impuzandengo yo guca umubyimba mugihe cyo gusya ni nini, ituma guhindagura gukata ari bito. Guhindura uduce duto bivuze ko guhangayikishwa no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho byakazi mugihe cyo gutema ari kimwe, bikagabanya ibibazo byimashini biterwa no guhangayikishwa n’ibanze. Muri icyo gihe, ugereranije no gusya bisanzwe, gukoresha ingufu zo gusya ni bike. Ni ukubera ko gukwirakwiza imbaraga zo gukata hagati yigikoresho cyo gutema nigikorwa cyakazi mugihe cyo gusya kuzamuka birumvikana, kugabanya gutakaza ingufu bitari ngombwa no kunoza imikorere. Mu musaruro munini cyangwa gutunganya ibidukikije hamwe nibisabwa kugirango ukoreshe ingufu, ibi biranga gusya kuzamuka bifite akamaro gakomeye mubukungu.
(B) Isesengura ryimbitse ryibiranga gusya bisanzwe
- Ihinduka ryimikorere ikora
Mugihe cyo gusya bisanzwe, kubera ko icyerekezo cyingufu zo gukata zitambitse zikoreshejwe nogusya kumurimo ku kazi kinyuranye nicyerekezo cyo kugaburira ibiryo byakazi, screw hamwe nutubuto twakazi birashobora guhora bigumisha uruhande rumwe rwurudodo. Ibiranga byemeza isano ihamye yimikorere yakazi. Mugihe cyo gutunganya, kugenda neza kumurimo wakazi nikimwe mubintu byingenzi byerekana neza neza imashini. Ugereranije no gusya kuzamuka, mugihe cyo gusya kuzamuka, kubera ko icyerekezo cyingufu zogusya zitambitse ni kimwe nicyerekezo cyo kugaburira ibiryo byakazi, mugihe imbaraga zatewe namenyo yigikoresho cyo gutema kumurimo ari kinini ugereranije, kubera ko habaho kubaho neza hagati yimigozi nintungamubiri zakazi, akazi kazamuka hejuru no hepfo. Uru rugendo ntiruhungabanya gusa gahunda yo gutema, rugira ingaruka kumikorere yimikorere yakazi, ariko kandi rushobora kwangiza cyane igikoresho cyo gutema. Kubwibyo, mubintu bimwe na bimwe byo gutunganya ibintu bisabwa cyane kugirango bikorwe neza kandi bisabwa gukingira ibikoresho, inyungu ihamye yo gusya bisanzwe bituma ihitamo neza. - Ubwiza bwimashini
Mugihe cyo gusya bisanzwe, ubushyamirane buri hagati y amenyo yigikoresho cyo gutema nigikorwa cyakazi ni kinini, kikaba ari ikintu kigaragara cyo gusya bisanzwe. Ugereranije guterana kwinshi bizatera akazi gukomeretsa hejuru yimashini kuba ikomeye. Imirimo ikomera yubuso bwashushanyije bizongera ubukana bwubuso, bigabanye ubukana bwibintu, kandi birashobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere nubuziranenge bwuburyo bukurikira bwo gutunganya. Kurugero, mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byo gukora bisaba gusya nyuma cyangwa guterana neza, hejuru yubukonje nyuma yo gusya bisanzwe birashobora gusaba ubundi buryo bwo kuvura kugirango ukureho ubukonje-bukomeye kugirango bwuzuze ibisabwa. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mubihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye, nkigihe mugihe hari ikintu runaka gisabwa kugirango uburinganire bwakazi bukorwe cyangwa uburyo bukurikira bwo gutunganya ibintu ntabwo bwunvikana hejuru yubukonje bukabije, ibi biranga gusya bisanzwe nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa.
III. Ingamba zo Guhitamo Ingamba zo Kuzamuka no gusya bisanzwe mubikorwa byukuri
Mubikorwa bya CNC byo gusya imashini, guhitamo gusya kuzamuka cyangwa gusya bisanzwe bigomba gutekereza kubintu byinshi byuzuye. Ubwa mbere, ibintu biranga igihangano bigomba gusuzumwa. Niba ubukana bwibikoresho byakazi biri hejuru cyane kandi hakaba hari uruhu rukomeye hejuru, nka bimwe byo guterana no kwibagirwa, gusya bisanzwe birashobora kuba amahitamo meza kuko gusya bisanzwe bishobora kugabanya kwambara ibikoresho byo gutema kurwego runaka kandi bikanemeza ko inzira yo gutunganya ihagaze neza. Ariko, niba ubukana bwibikoresho byakazi ari kimwe kandi hari byinshi bisabwa kugirango ubuziranenge bwubuso bushoboke, nko mu gutunganya ibice bimwe na bimwe bya tekinike, gusya kuzamuka bifite ibyiza byinshi. Irashobora kugabanya neza uburinganire bwubuso no kuzamura ubwiza bwibikorwa byakazi.
Mubikorwa bya CNC byo gusya imashini, guhitamo gusya kuzamuka cyangwa gusya bisanzwe bigomba gutekereza kubintu byinshi byuzuye. Ubwa mbere, ibintu biranga igihangano bigomba gusuzumwa. Niba ubukana bwibikoresho byakazi biri hejuru cyane kandi hakaba hari uruhu rukomeye hejuru, nka bimwe byo guterana no kwibagirwa, gusya bisanzwe birashobora kuba amahitamo meza kuko gusya bisanzwe bishobora kugabanya kwambara ibikoresho byo gutema kurwego runaka kandi bikanemeza ko inzira yo gutunganya ihagaze neza. Ariko, niba ubukana bwibikoresho byakazi ari kimwe kandi hari byinshi bisabwa kugirango ubuziranenge bwubuso bushoboke, nko mu gutunganya ibice bimwe na bimwe bya tekinike, gusya kuzamuka bifite ibyiza byinshi. Irashobora kugabanya neza uburinganire bwubuso no kuzamura ubwiza bwibikorwa byakazi.
Imiterere nubunini bwibikorwa nabyo ni ngombwa kwitabwaho. Kubintu bito kandi birebire, gusya bifasha kugabanya guhindura imikorere yibikorwa mugihe cyo gutunganya kuko imbaraga zihagaritse imbaraga zo gusya zishobora gukanda neza kumurimo. Kubikorwa bimwe bifite imiterere igoye nubunini bunini, birakenewe ko dusuzuma byimazeyo ituze ryimikorere yimikorere hamwe no kwambara ibikoresho byo gutema. Niba ibisabwa kugirango ituze ryimikorere ikorwa mugihe cyo gutunganya ibintu biri hejuru, gusya bisanzwe birashobora kuba amahitamo akwiye; niba hitaweho cyane kugabanya kwambara ibikoresho byo gutema no kunoza imikorere yimashini, kandi mugihe cyujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, hashobora gutekerezwa gusya.
Byongeye kandi, imikorere yubukanishi bwimashini isya ubwayo izagira ingaruka no guhitamo gusya kuzamuka no gusya bisanzwe. Niba itandukaniro riri hagati yimigozi nimbuto yimashini isya irashobora guhindurwa neza kugiciro gito ugereranije, nko munsi ya mm 0,03, noneho ibyiza byo gusya kuzamuka birashobora gukoreshwa neza. Ariko, niba imashini isya imashini isya ari mike kandi ikibazo cyo gukuraho ntigishobora kugenzurwa neza, gusya bisanzwe birashobora kuba amahitamo meza yo kwirinda gutunganya ibibazo byubuziranenge no kwangiza ibikoresho biterwa no kugenda kwakazi. Mu gusoza, mu gutunganya imashini ya CNC, uburyo bukwiye bwo gusya bwo gusya cyangwa gusya bisanzwe bigomba gutoranywa mu buryo bukurikije ibisabwa byihariye byo gutunganya hamwe nibikoresho kugirango bigerweho neza.