Ikoreshwa rya Numero Yumubare hamwe nibikoresho bya CNC
Tekinoroji yo kugenzura imibare, mu magambo ahinnye yitwa NC (Igenzura ry'umubare), ni uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere yimikorere nuburyo bwo gutunganya hifashishijwe amakuru ya digitale. Kugeza ubu, nkuko igenzura ryimibare igezweho risanzwe rikoresha mudasobwa, bizwi kandi nka mudasobwa igenzura (Computerized Numerical Control - CNC).
Kugirango ugere kumakuru yamakuru yimikorere yimikorere nuburyo bwo gutunganya, ibyuma na software bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho. Igiteranyo cyibyuma na software bikoreshwa mugushira mubikorwa amakuru ya digitale byitwa sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare (sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare), kandi intandaro ya sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare nigikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare (Numerical Controller).
Imashini igenzurwa nubuhanga bwo kugenzura imibare yitwa ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC (ibikoresho bya mashini ya NC). Nibicuruzwa bisanzwe bya mechatronic bihuza byimazeyo tekinoroji igezweho nka tekinoroji ya mudasobwa, tekinoroji yo kugenzura byikora, tekinoroji yo gupima neza, hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyimashini. Nibuye ryibanze ryikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Kugenzura ibikoresho byimashini nicyo cyambere kandi gikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo kugenzura imibare. Kubwibyo, urwego rwibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC ahanini byerekana imikorere, urwego, niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji igezweho.
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho byimashini za CNC, harimo gucukura, gusya, hamwe nibikoresho birambirana, guhindura imashini, guhindura imashini, gusya imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini zikoreshwa na CNC. Igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose cyimashini igenzurwa nubuhanga bwo kugenzura imibare yashyizwe mubikorwa bya NC imashini.
Ibyo bikoresho bya mashini ya CNC bifite ibikoresho byikora byahinduye ibyuma bya ATC (Automatic Tool Changer - ATC), usibye imisarani ya CNC ifite ibyuma bizunguruka, bisobanurwa nkibigo bikora (Machine Centre - MC). Binyuze mu gusimbuza mu buryo bwikora ibikoresho, ibihangano birashobora kurangiza uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya mugihe kimwe, bigera kumurongo wibikorwa no guhuza inzira. Ibi bigabanya neza igihe cyo gutunganya ubufasha kandi bigatezimbere imikorere yimikorere yimashini. Icyarimwe, igabanya umubare wibikorwa byakazi byashizwe hamwe nibirindiro, byongera gutunganya neza. Imashini zikoresha ubu ni ubwoko bwibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC hamwe nibisohoka byinshi hamwe na porogaramu yagutse.
Ukurikije ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, wongeyeho ibikoresho byinshi byo gukora (pallet) byikora byikora (Auto Pallet Changer - APC) nibindi bikoresho bifitanye isano, ishami ryatunganijwe ryitwa selile yinganda zikora (Flexible Manufacturing Cell - FMC). FMC ntabwo itahura gusa kwibanda kubikorwa hamwe no guhuza inzira ariko nanone, hamwe no guhanahana byikora kumurimo wakazi (pallets) hamwe nibikorwa byuzuye byo kugenzura no kugenzura byikora, birashobora gukora gutunganya abadereva mugihe runaka, bityo bikarushaho kunoza imikorere yibikoresho. FMC ntabwo ari ishingiro rya sisitemu yoroheje yo gukora FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) ariko irashobora no gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byigenga byikora byikora. Kubwibyo, umuvuduko witerambere wacyo urihuta cyane.
Hashingiwe kuri FMC hamwe n’ibigo bitunganya imashini, hiyongereyeho sisitemu y’ibikoresho, ama robo y’inganda, n’ibikoresho bifitanye isano nayo, kandi bigenzurwa kandi bigacungwa na sisitemu yo kugenzura hagati mu buryo bukomatanyije kandi bumwe, ubwo buryo bwo gukora bwitwa uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System). FMS ntishobora gukora gusa abadafite abadereva mugihe kirekire ariko kandi igera no gutunganya byuzuye muburyo butandukanye bwibice hamwe no guteranya ibice, kugera kubikorwa byogukora amahugurwa. Nuburyo bwimikorere ikora cyane.
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya siyansi nikoranabuhanga, kugirango duhuze n’imihindagurikire y’ibisabwa ku isoko, ku nganda zigezweho, ntabwo ari ngombwa gusa guteza imbere uburyo bwo gutangiza amahugurwa y’inganda, ariko nanone hagomba kugera ku buryo bwikora bwuzuye kuva ku iteganyagihe, gufata ibyemezo, gufata ibicuruzwa, gukora ibicuruzwa kugeza kugurisha ibicuruzwa. Sisitemu yuzuye yo gukora no gukora yakozwe muguhuza ibi bisabwa yitwa sisitemu yo gukora mudasobwa ihuriweho na mudasobwa (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System - CIMS). CIMS ihuza ibikorwa birebire nibikorwa byubucuruzi, bigera ku musaruro wubwenge unoze kandi woroshye, byerekana icyiciro cyo hejuru cyiterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryubu. Muri CIMS, ntabwo ari uguhuza ibikoresho byumusaruro gusa, ariko cyane cyane, guhuza ikoranabuhanga no guhuza imikorere birangwa namakuru. Mudasobwa nigikoresho cyo guhuza, tekinoroji ya mudasobwa ifashwa na mudasobwa niyo shingiro ryo kwishyira hamwe, kandi guhana no gusangira amakuru namakuru ni ikiraro cyo kwishyira hamwe. Igicuruzwa cyanyuma gishobora gufatwa nkibintu bifatika byerekana amakuru namakuru.
Sisitemu yo Kugenzura Numubare Ibigize
Ibanze Byibanze bya Sisitemu yo Kugenzura
Sisitemu yo kugenzura umubare wibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC ni ishingiro ryibikoresho byose bigenzura. Igikoresho nyamukuru cyo kugenzura sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare ni kwimura imirongo ya cooride (harimo umuvuduko w umuvuduko, icyerekezo, umwanya, nibindi), kandi amakuru yubugenzuzi aturuka ahanini mubikorwa byo kugenzura imibare cyangwa gahunda yo kugenzura ibikorwa. Kubwibyo, ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare igomba kubamo: porogaramu yinjiza / ibisohoka ibikoresho, igikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare, hamwe na servo ya drive.
Uruhare rwibikoresho byinjira / bisohoka ni kwinjiza no gusohora amakuru nka numero yo kugenzura imibare cyangwa gahunda yo kugenzura ibikorwa, gutunganya no kugenzura amakuru, ibikoresho byimashini, guhuza imyanya, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutahura ibintu. Mwandikisho no kwerekana nibikoresho byibanze byinjiza / bisohoka bikenewe mubikoresho byose bigenzura imibare. Mubyongeyeho, bitewe na sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare, ibikoresho nkabasomyi ba foto, amashanyarazi, kaseti ya disiki, cyangwa disiki ya disiki nayo irashobora kuba ifite ibikoresho. Nkigikoresho cya periferique, mudasobwa nimwe mubikoresho bisanzwe byinjira / bisohoka.
Igikoresho cyo kugenzura umubare nicyo kintu cyibanze cya sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare. Igizwe ninjiza / isohoka yimbere yumuzunguruko, abagenzuzi, ibice byimibare, hamwe nububiko. Uruhare rwibikoresho bigenzura ni ugukusanya, kubara, no gutunganya amakuru yinjizwa nigikoresho cyinjiye binyuze mumbere ya logic circuit cyangwa software igenzura, hanyuma ugasohora ubwoko butandukanye bwamakuru n'amabwiriza yo kugenzura ibice bitandukanye byigikoresho cyimashini kugirango ukore ibikorwa byihariye.
Muri aya makuru yo kugenzura amakuru n'amabwiriza, ibyingenzi ni umuvuduko wo kugaburira, icyerekezo cyo kugaburira, hamwe no kugaburira ibiryo amabwiriza yo guhuza amashoka. Zibyara nyuma yo kubara interpolation, zitangwa kuri servo ya drive, yongerewe umushoferi, kandi amaherezo igenzura iyimurwa rya axe ya axe. Ibi bigena mu buryo butaziguye urujya n'uruza rw'igikoresho cyangwa guhuza amashoka.
Mubyongeyeho, bitewe na sisitemu nibikoresho, kurugero, ku gikoresho cyimashini ya CNC, hashobora no kubaho amabwiriza nkumuvuduko wo kuzunguruka, icyerekezo, gutangira / guhagarara kwa spindle; guhitamo ibikoresho no guhana amabwiriza; gutangira / guhagarika amabwiriza y'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha no gusiga; urupapuro rwakazi kurekura no gufunga amabwiriza; kwerekana urutonde rwakazi nandi mabwiriza yubufasha. Muri sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare, bahabwa ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibikoresho byo hanze muburyo bwibimenyetso binyuze mumirongo. Igikoresho cyo kugenzura gifasha gikora icyegeranyo gikenewe hamwe nibikorwa byumvikana kubimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru, bikabongerera imbaraga, kandi bigatwara ibyuma bikwiranye no gutwara ibikoresho bya mashini, hydraulic, na pneumatic ibikoresho bifasha ibikoresho bya mashini kugirango birangize ibikorwa byagenwe n'amabwiriza.
Ububiko bwa servo mubusanzwe bugizwe na servo amplifiers (izwi kandi nka shoferi, ibice bya servo) hamwe na moteri. Ku bikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, moteri ya AC servo isanzwe ikoreshwa nkibikorwa muri iki gihe; ku bikoresho byihuta byihuta byimashini zikoresha, moteri y'umurongo yatangiye gukoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, ku bikoresho by'imashini za CNC byakozwe mbere ya za 1980, hari ibibazo byo gukoresha moteri ya DC servo; kubikoresho byoroshye bya mashini ya CNC, moteri yintambwe nayo yakoreshejwe nkibikorwa. Imiterere ya amplifier ya servo iterwa na moteri kandi igomba gukoreshwa ifatanije na moteri yo gutwara.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru nibice byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare. Hamwe niterambere rihoraho rya tekinoroji yo kugenzura imibare no kuzamura urwego rwibikoresho byimashini, ibisabwa mumikorere ya sisitemu nabyo biriyongera. Kugira ngo wuzuze ibisabwa byo kugenzura ibikoresho bitandukanye byimashini, menya ubunyangamugayo nuburinganire bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare, kandi byorohereze imikoreshereze yabakoresha, uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura imibare isanzwe ifite porogaramu igenzura imbere nkigikoresho cyo kugenzura ibikoresho byimashini. Mubyongeyeho, ku bikoresho byo gukata ibyuma, ibikoresho bya spindle birashobora kandi kuba igice cya sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare; ku bikoresho bya mashini bifunze CNC, ibikoresho byo gupima no gutahura nabyo ni ntangarugero kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare. Kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare igezweho, rimwe na rimwe na mudasobwa ikoreshwa nk'imashini-ya mashini ya sisitemu no mu gucunga amakuru no kwinjiza / gusohora ibikoresho, bityo bigatuma imikorere ya sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare ikomera kandi imikorere ikarushaho kuba nziza.
Mu gusoza, ibigize sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare biterwa nimikorere ya sisitemu yo kugenzura nibisabwa byihariye byo kugenzura ibikoresho. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye muburyo bwimiterere no mubigize. Usibye ibice bitatu byingenzi bigize ibikoresho byinjira / bisohoka muri progaramu yo gutunganya, igikoresho cyo kugenzura umubare, hamwe na servo ya disiki, hashobora kuba ibikoresho byinshi byo kugenzura. Agasanduku kacagaguye mu gishushanyo 1-1 byerekana sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare ya mudasobwa.
Ibitekerezo bya NC, CNC, SV, na PLC
NC (CNC), SV, na PLC (PC, PMC) zikoreshwa cyane mu magambo ahinnye yicyongereza mubikoresho bigenzura imibare kandi bifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye mubihe bitandukanye mubikorwa bifatika.
NC (CNC): NC na CNC ni amagambo ahinnye yicyongereza yo kugenzura umubare no kugenzura mudasobwa. Urebye ko kugenzura imibare igezweho byose bifata igenzura rya mudasobwa, dushobora gutekereza ko ibisobanuro bya NC na CNC ari bimwe rwose. Mubikorwa byubwubatsi, ukurikije ibihe byakoreshejwe, NC (CNC) mubisanzwe ifite ibisobanuro bitatu bitandukanye: Muburyo bwagutse, byerekana ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura - tekinoroji yo kugenzura imibare; mu buryo bugufi, byerekana ikintu cya sisitemu yo kugenzura - sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare; mubyongeyeho, irashobora kandi kwerekana igikoresho cyihariye cyo kugenzura - igikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare.
SV: SV ni impfunyapfunyo yicyongereza ya servo ya Drive (Servo Drive, mu magambo ahinnye nka servo). Ukurikije ingingo ziteganijwe mu rwego rw’Ubuyapani JIS, ni "uburyo bwo kugenzura bufata umwanya, icyerekezo, na leta yikintu nkigipimo cyo kugenzura kandi kigakurikirana impinduka uko zishakiye. Muri make, nigikoresho cyo kugenzura gishobora guhita gikurikira ingano yumubiri nkumwanya ugenewe.
Ku bikoresho by'imashini za CNC, uruhare rwa disiki ya servo igaragarira cyane cyane mubice bibiri: Icya mbere, ituma imirongo ya cooride ikora kumuvuduko watanzwe nigikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare; icya kabiri, ituma guhuza amashoka bihagarikwa ukurikije umwanya watanzwe nigikoresho cyo kugenzura.
Igenzura ryibikoresho bya servo mubisanzwe ni ugusimbuka n'umuvuduko wa cooride ya axe yigikoresho cyimashini; moteri ni moteri ya servo; igice kigenzura kandi cyongera ibimenyetso byinjira byinjira byitwa servo amplifier (bizwi kandi nka shoferi, amplifier, servo unit, nibindi), aribyo shingiro rya servo.
Drive ya servo ntishobora gukoreshwa gusa ifatanije nigikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare ariko kandi irashobora gukoreshwa wenyine nkumwanya (umuvuduko) uherekeza sisitemu. Kubwibyo, byitwa kandi sisitemu ya servo. Kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura kare, igice cyo kugenzura imyanya muri rusange cyahujwe na CNC, kandi servo Drive ikora gusa kugenzura umuvuduko. Kubwibyo, servo Drive yakunze kwitwa ishami rishinzwe kugenzura umuvuduko.
PLC: PC ni impfunyapfunyo yicyongereza ya Programmable Controller. Hamwe no kwamamara kwa mudasobwa kugiti cye, kugirango wirinde kwitiranya na mudasobwa bwite (nanone yitwa PC), abagenzuzi ba porogaramu ubu bakunze kwitwa programable logic controller (Programmalbe Logic Controller - PLC) cyangwa imashini zishobora gukoreshwa (Programmable Machine Controller - PMC). Kubwibyo, kubikoresho byimashini za CNC, PC, PLC, na PMC bifite ibisobanuro bimwe.
PLC ifite ibyiza byo gusubiza byihuse, imikorere yizewe, gukoresha byoroshye, gutunganya porogaramu byoroshye no gukemura, kandi irashobora gutwara mu buryo butaziguye ibikoresho bimwe byamashanyarazi ibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa cyane nkigikoresho cyo kugenzura ibikoresho bifasha kugenzura imibare. Kugeza ubu, sisitemu nyinshi zo kugenzura zifite numero ya PLC yo gutunganya amabwiriza yingoboka yibikoresho byimashini za CNC, bityo byoroshya cyane igikoresho cyo kugenzura ibikoresho byimashini. Mubyongeyeho, mubihe byinshi, binyuze mumikorere idasanzwe yuburyo bukoreshwa nka axis igenzura module hamwe na module ya PLC, PLC irashobora kandi gukoreshwa muburyo butaziguye kugirango igere ku myanya yo kugenzura imyanya, kugenzura umurongo, no kugenzura ibintu byoroshye, gukora ibikoresho byihariye bya CNC cyangwa imirongo ikora CNC.
Ihame ryo gutunganya no gutunganya ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC
Ibanze shingiro ryibikoresho bya CNC
Ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC nibikoresho bisanzwe bigenzura imibare. Kugirango usobanure ibice byibanze byibikoresho byimashini za CNC, birakenewe mbere na mbere gusesengura imikorere yimikorere yimashini ya CNC yo gutunganya ibice. Ku bikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, gutunganya ibice, intambwe zikurikira zirashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa:
Ukurikije ibishushanyo na gahunda yo gutunganya ibice bigomba gutunganywa, ukoresheje kode yabigenewe hamwe na format ya porogaramu, andika inzira yimikorere yibikoresho, inzira yo gutunganya, ibipimo ngenderwaho, gukata ibipimo, nibindi muburyo bwamabwiriza yamenyekanye na sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare, ni ukuvuga kwandika gahunda yo gutunganya.
Shyiramo inyandiko yanditse yo gutunganya mubikoresho bigenzura umubare.
Igikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare igabanya kandi ikanatunganya porogaramu yinjiza (kode) kandi ikohereza ibimenyetso bijyanye no kugenzura ibikoresho bya servo igendanwa hamwe nibikoresho bifasha kugenzura ibikoresho bya buri guhuza umurongo kugirango ugenzure urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho bigize imashini.
Mugihe cyurugendo, sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare ikeneye kumenya umwanya wumuhuzabikorwa wa axe ya coor ya mashini, uko ingendo zahinduwe, nibindi byose, kandi ukabigereranya nibisabwa na gahunda kugirango umenye ibikorwa bizakurikiraho kugeza ibice byujuje ibyangombwa bitunganijwe.
Umukoresha arashobora kwitegereza no kugenzura imiterere yatunganijwe hamwe nimirimo yimikorere yimashini igihe icyo aricyo cyose. Nibiba ngombwa, guhindura imikorere yibikoresho byimashini hamwe na gahunda yo gutunganya nabyo birasabwa kugirango habeho umutekano kandi wizewe wigikoresho cyimashini.
Birashobora kugaragara ko nkibigize shingiro ryibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, bigomba kubamo: ibikoresho byinjira / bisohoka, ibikoresho byo kugenzura imibare, drives ya servo nibikoresho byo gutanga ibitekerezo, ibikoresho byo kugenzura bifasha, hamwe numubiri wibikoresho byimashini.
Ibigize ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC
Sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare ikoreshwa mugushikira gutunganya ibikoresho byimashini yakira. Kugeza ubu, sisitemu nyinshi zo kugenzura imibare zikoresha mudasobwa igenzura (urugero, CNC). Igikoresho cyinjiza / gisohoka, igikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare, disiki ya servo, hamwe nigitekerezo cyo gusubiza mubishushanyo hamwe bigize sisitemu yimashini igenzura sisitemu, kandi uruhare rwayo rwasobanuwe haruguru. Ibikurikira bitangiza muri make ibindi bice.
Igikoresho cyo gutanga ibitekerezo cyo gupima: Nibihuza byerekana ibikoresho bifunze imashini ya CNC ifunze-ifunze (igice-gifunze-kizunguruka) CNC. Uruhare rwarwo ni ukumenya umuvuduko no kwimurwa kwimurwa nyirizina rya actuator (nk'ufite ibikoresho) cyangwa akazi gakoreshwa hifashishijwe ibipimo bigezweho bigezweho nka kodegisi ya pulse, imashini ikemura, induction, indinganizo, umunzani wa magnetiki, n'ibikoresho byo gupima laser, hanyuma ukabigaburira gusubira mu cyerekezo cya servo cyangwa igikoresho cyo kugenzura ibintu kugira ngo ugere ku cyerekezo cyo kugaburira umuvuduko cyangwa ibikorwa byo kugenzura ibintu. Umwanya wo kwishyiriraho igikoresho cyo gutahura hamwe nikimenyetso aho ibimenyetso byo gutangirwa bigarurwa bitewe nuburyo bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare. Servo yubatswe muri kodegisi ya pulse, tachometero, hamwe numurongo ushimishije bikoreshwa mubice byo gutahura.
Bitewe nuko serivise zateye imbere zose zikoresha tekinoroji ya serivise ya serivise (bita serivise ya sisitemu), bisi isanzwe ikoreshwa muguhuza hagati ya disiki ya servo nigikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare; mubihe byinshi, ibimenyetso byo gutanga ibitekerezo bihujwe na servo hanyuma bigashyikirizwa igikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare binyuze muri bisi. Gusa mubihe bike cyangwa mugihe ukoresheje analogi ya servo (isanzwe izwi nka analog servo), igikoresho cyo gutanga ibitekerezo kigomba guhuzwa neza nigikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare.
Uburyo bwo kugenzura imfashanyo hamwe nuburyo bwo kohereza ibiryo: Biri hagati yigikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare hamwe nubukanishi na hydraulic bigize ibikoresho byimashini. Uruhare rwarwo nyamukuru ni ukwakira umuvuduko wa spindle, icyerekezo, no gutangira / guhagarika amabwiriza asohoka kubikoresho bigenzura imibare; guhitamo ibikoresho no guhana amabwiriza; gutangira / guhagarika amabwiriza y'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha no gusiga; ibimenyetso byingirakamaro byingirakamaro nko kurekura no gufunga ibihangano byakazi hamwe nibikoresho bigize imashini, kwerekana urutonde rwakazi, hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana imiterere yo guhinduranya ibintu ku gikoresho cyimashini. Nyuma yo gukusanya ibikenewe, guca imanza zumvikana, no kongera imbaraga, ibyuma bikwiranye birasunikwa mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo bitware ibikoresho bya mashini, hydraulic, na pneumatic ibikoresho bifasha ibikoresho bya mashini kugirango birangize ibikorwa byagenwe n'amabwiriza. Ubusanzwe igizwe na PLC hamwe numuyoboro ukomeye wo kugenzura. PLC irashobora guhuzwa na CNC muburyo (yubatswe muri PLC) cyangwa ugereranije (PLC yo hanze).
Umubiri wibikoresho byimashini, ni ukuvuga imiterere yubukanishi bwibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, bigizwe kandi na sisitemu nyamukuru yo gutwara, sisitemu yo kugaburira ibiryo, ibitanda, akazi, ibikoresho byifashisha, sisitemu ya hydraulic na pneumatike, sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha, kuvanaho chip, sisitemu zo gukingira, nibindi bice. Ariko, kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa byo kugenzura imibare no gutanga umukino wuzuye kumikorere yigikoresho cyimashini, yagize impinduka zikomeye mubijyanye nimiterere rusange, igishushanyo mbonera, imiterere ya sisitemu yohereza, sisitemu y'ibikoresho, n'imikorere ikora. Ibikoresho bya mashini yibikoresho byimashini birimo uburiri, agasanduku, inkingi, kuyobora gari ya moshi, akazi, spindle, uburyo bwo kugaburira, uburyo bwo guhana ibikoresho, nibindi.
Ihame ryimashini ya CNC
Ku bikoresho gakondo byo gukata ibyuma, mugihe cyo gutunganya ibice, uyikoresha agomba guhora ahindura ibipimo nkurugendo rwimodoka n'umuvuduko wihuta wigikoresho ukurikije ibisabwa gushushanya, kugirango igikoresho gikore gutunganya gutunganya kumurimo hanyuma amaherezo atunganyirize ibice byujuje ibyangombwa.
Gutunganya ibikoresho byimashini za CNC mubyukuri bikurikiza ihame rya "itandukaniro". Ihame ryimikorere ninzira byayo birashobora gusobanurwa muri make kuburyo bukurikira:
Ukurikije igikoresho cyerekezo gisabwa na gahunda yo gutunganya, igikoresho cyo kugenzura umubare gitandukanya inzira igendana nu murongo uhuza imirongo ihuza ibikoresho bya mashini hamwe n’amafaranga ntarengwa yo kugenda (pulse ihwanye) (△ X, △ Y ku gishushanyo cya 1-2) kandi ikabara umubare wa pulses buri murongo uhuza umurongo ugomba kwimuka.
Binyuze muri porogaramu ya “interpolation” cyangwa “interpolation” ibara ry'igikoresho cyo kugenzura umubare, inzira isabwa yashyizwemo na poline ihwanye mu bice bya “minimal traffic unit” kandi polyline yashyizwe hafi ya trayektoriya iraboneka.
Ukurikije inzira ya polyline yashizwemo, igikoresho cyo kugenzura imibare gikomeza kugaburira ibiryo bigaburira amashoka ahuza kandi bigafasha guhuza amashoka ya mashini yimashini kugenda ukurikije impiswi zagenewe binyuze muri servo.
Birashobora kugaragara ko: Icya mbere, mugihe cyose igipimo ntarengwa cyo kugenda (pulse ihwanye) nigikoresho cyimashini ya CNC ari gito bihagije, polyline yashyizwemo irashobora gusimburwa kimwe kumurongo wa theoretical curve. Icya kabiri, mugihe cyose uburyo bwo kugabura pulse ya cooride ya axe yahinduwe, imiterere ya polyline yashyizwe irashobora guhinduka, bityo ukagera ku ntego yo guhindura inzira yo gutunganya. Icya gatatu, igihe cyose inshuro ya…