“Ibisabwa hamwe na Optimisiyoneri yo kugaburira ibiryo uburyo bwo kohereza ibikoresho bya CNC”
Mu nganda zigezweho, ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC byahindutse ibikoresho byingenzi byo gutunganya bitewe nibyiza byabo nkibisobanuro bihanitse, gukora neza, hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwikora. Sisitemu yo kohereza ibiryo ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC mubisanzwe ikorana na sisitemu yo kugaburira servo, igira uruhare runini. Ukurikije ubutumwa bwamabwiriza bwatanzwe muri sisitemu ya CNC, bwiyongera hanyuma bugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho bikora. Ntabwo ikeneye gusa kugenzura neza umuvuduko wibiryo byigaburo ahubwo inagenzura neza imyanya yimuka hamwe ninzira yikintu ugereranije nakazi.
Sisitemu isanzwe ifunze-igenzurwa rya sisitemu yo kugaburira ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC igizwe ahanini nibice byinshi nko kugereranya imyanya, ibice byongera imbaraga, ibice byo gutwara, uburyo bwo kohereza ibiryo, hamwe nibitekerezo byatanzwe. Muri byo, uburyo bwo guhererekanya ibiryo byubukanishi nuburyo bwose bwo guhererekanya imashini zihindura uruzinduko rwa moteri ya servo mukugenda kugaburira umurongo kugaburira akazi hamwe nabafite ibikoresho, harimo ibikoresho byo kugabanya, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi hamwe na nuts ebyiri, ibice biyobora hamwe nibice bifasha. Nkumuhuza wingenzi muri sisitemu ya servo, uburyo bwo kugaburira ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC ntibigomba kuba bifite imyanya ihanitse gusa ahubwo binagira ibimenyetso byiza byo gusubiza. Igisubizo cya sisitemu yo gukurikirana ibimenyetso byamabwiriza bigomba kwihuta kandi umutekano ugomba kuba mwiza.
Kugirango hamenyekane neza uko ihererekanyabubasha ryuzuye, sisitemu ihamye, hamwe n’ibisubizo biranga uburyo bwo kugaburira sisitemu yo kugaburira ibigo bihagaritse imashini, urutonde rwibisabwa rukomeye rushyirwa imbere kuburyo bwo kugaburira:
I. Ibisabwa kugirango hatabaho icyuho
Ikinyuranyo cyihererekanyabubasha kizaganisha ku ikosa ryapfuye kandi bigire ingaruka kubikorwa. Kurandura icyuho cyogushoboka bishoboka, uburyo nko gukoresha uruzitiro ruhuza no gutandukanya icyuho hamwe nogukwirakwiza hamwe ningamba zo gukuraho icyuho zirashobora gukurikizwa. Kurugero, mumashanyarazi ya screw hamwe nutubuto twinshi, uburyo bwikubitiro bubiri burashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho icyuho muguhindura umwanya ugereranije hagati yimbuto zombi. Muri icyo gihe, kubice nko kohereza ibikoresho, uburyo nko guhindura shim cyangwa ibintu bya elastike nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ikureho icyuho kugirango hamenyekane neza ko kwanduza.
Ikinyuranyo cyihererekanyabubasha kizaganisha ku ikosa ryapfuye kandi bigire ingaruka kubikorwa. Kurandura icyuho cyogushoboka bishoboka, uburyo nko gukoresha uruzitiro ruhuza no gutandukanya icyuho hamwe nogukwirakwiza hamwe ningamba zo gukuraho icyuho zirashobora gukurikizwa. Kurugero, mumashanyarazi ya screw hamwe nutubuto twinshi, uburyo bwikubitiro bubiri burashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho icyuho muguhindura umwanya ugereranije hagati yimbuto zombi. Muri icyo gihe, kubice nko kohereza ibikoresho, uburyo nko guhindura shim cyangwa ibintu bya elastike nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ikureho icyuho kugirango hamenyekane neza ko kwanduza.
II. Ibisabwa kugirango habeho guterana amagambo
Kwemeza uburyo bwo kohereza buke-friction birashobora kugabanya gutakaza ingufu, kunoza uburyo bwo kohereza, kandi bikanafasha kunoza umuvuduko wo gusubiza hamwe nukuri kwa sisitemu. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukwirakwiza buke burimo hydrostatike, kuyobora, hamwe nu mupira.
Kwemeza uburyo bwo kohereza buke-friction birashobora kugabanya gutakaza ingufu, kunoza uburyo bwo kohereza, kandi bikanafasha kunoza umuvuduko wo gusubiza hamwe nukuri kwa sisitemu. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukwirakwiza buke burimo hydrostatike, kuyobora, hamwe nu mupira.
Imiyoboro ya Hydrostatike ikora urwego rwamavuta ya peteroli hagati yubuyobozi kugirango ugere ku kudahuza kunyerera hamwe no guterana amagambo cyane. Imiyoboro izunguruka ikoresha kuzunguruka ibintu bizunguruka kumurongo wo kuyobora kugirango bisimbuze kunyerera, bigabanya cyane guterana amagambo. Imipira yumupira nibintu byingenzi bihindura icyerekezo cyumurongo. Imipira izunguruka hagati yicyuma kiyobora hamwe nutubuto hamwe na coefficient de fraisse nkeya kandi ikwirakwiza neza. Ibi bikoresho byohereza ibintu bike birashobora kugabanya neza uburyo bwo kugaburira ibiryo mugihe cyo kugenda no kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu.
III. Ibisabwa kugirango inertie nkeya
Kugirango utezimbere ibikoresho byimashini kandi ukore akazi kihuta byihuse kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gukurikirana amabwiriza, umwanya wa inertia wahinduwe na shitingi ya sisitemu na sisitemu igomba kuba nto ishoboka. Iki gisabwa kirashobora kugerwaho muguhitamo igipimo cyiza cyo kohereza. Guhitamo neza igipimo cyogukwirakwiza birashobora kugabanya umwanya wa sisitemu yo kutagira inertie mugihe wujuje ibisabwa byumuvuduko wimikorere no kwihuta. Kurugero, mugihe utegura igikoresho cyo kugabanya, ukurikije ibikenewe nyabyo, igipimo cyibikoresho gikwiye cyangwa igipimo cyumukandara gishobora gutoranywa kugirango gihuze umuvuduko w’ibisohoka moteri ya servo hamwe n’umuvuduko wimikorere yakazi kandi bigabanya umwanya wa inertia icyarimwe.
Kugirango utezimbere ibikoresho byimashini kandi ukore akazi kihuta byihuse kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gukurikirana amabwiriza, umwanya wa inertia wahinduwe na shitingi ya sisitemu na sisitemu igomba kuba nto ishoboka. Iki gisabwa kirashobora kugerwaho muguhitamo igipimo cyiza cyo kohereza. Guhitamo neza igipimo cyogukwirakwiza birashobora kugabanya umwanya wa sisitemu yo kutagira inertie mugihe wujuje ibisabwa byumuvuduko wimikorere no kwihuta. Kurugero, mugihe utegura igikoresho cyo kugabanya, ukurikije ibikenewe nyabyo, igipimo cyibikoresho gikwiye cyangwa igipimo cyumukandara gishobora gutoranywa kugirango gihuze umuvuduko w’ibisohoka moteri ya servo hamwe n’umuvuduko wimikorere yakazi kandi bigabanya umwanya wa inertia icyarimwe.
Byongeye kandi, igitekerezo cyoroheje cyo gushushanya nacyo gishobora kwakirwa, kandi ibikoresho bifite uburemere bworoshye birashobora gutoranywa kugirango bikore ibice byohereza. Kurugero, gukoresha ibikoresho byoroheje nka aluminiyumu kugirango ukore amashanyarazi hamwe nutubuto tubiri hamwe nuyobora ibice bishobora kugabanya inertie rusange ya sisitemu.
IV. Ibisabwa kugirango ukomere cyane
Sisitemu yohereza cyane irashobora kwemeza kurwanya kwivanga hanze mugihe cyo gutunganya no gukomeza gutunganya neza. Kunoza ubukana bwa sisitemu yo kohereza, ingamba zikurikira zirashobora gufatwa:
Gabanya urunana rwogukwirakwiza: Kugabanya imiyoboro yoherejwe bishobora kugabanya ihinduka ryimikorere ya sisitemu no kunoza ubukana. Kurugero, ukoresheje uburyo bwo gutwara ibiyobora byerekanwa na moteri bizigama imiyoboro yohereza hagati, bigabanya amakosa yo kohereza no guhindura ibintu byoroshye, kandi binonosora ubukana bwa sisitemu.
Kunoza ubukana bwa sisitemu yo kohereza ukoresheje preloading: Kubiyobora bizunguruka hamwe nudupira twombi, uburyo bwabanjirije bushobora gukoreshwa kugirango habeho preload hagati yibintu bizunguruka hamwe na gari ya moshi iyobora cyangwa imiyoboro iyobora kugirango tunonosore ubukana bwa sisitemu. Inkunga ya screw yamashanyarazi yagenewe gukosorwa kumpande zombi kandi irashobora kugira imiterere-ndende. Ukoresheje pre-tension runaka kumurongo wambere, imbaraga za axial mugihe cyo gukora zirashobora guhangana kandi gukomera kwicyuma kiyobora birashobora kunozwa.
Sisitemu yohereza cyane irashobora kwemeza kurwanya kwivanga hanze mugihe cyo gutunganya no gukomeza gutunganya neza. Kunoza ubukana bwa sisitemu yo kohereza, ingamba zikurikira zirashobora gufatwa:
Gabanya urunana rwogukwirakwiza: Kugabanya imiyoboro yoherejwe bishobora kugabanya ihinduka ryimikorere ya sisitemu no kunoza ubukana. Kurugero, ukoresheje uburyo bwo gutwara ibiyobora byerekanwa na moteri bizigama imiyoboro yohereza hagati, bigabanya amakosa yo kohereza no guhindura ibintu byoroshye, kandi binonosora ubukana bwa sisitemu.
Kunoza ubukana bwa sisitemu yo kohereza ukoresheje preloading: Kubiyobora bizunguruka hamwe nudupira twombi, uburyo bwabanjirije bushobora gukoreshwa kugirango habeho preload hagati yibintu bizunguruka hamwe na gari ya moshi iyobora cyangwa imiyoboro iyobora kugirango tunonosore ubukana bwa sisitemu. Inkunga ya screw yamashanyarazi yagenewe gukosorwa kumpande zombi kandi irashobora kugira imiterere-ndende. Ukoresheje pre-tension runaka kumurongo wambere, imbaraga za axial mugihe cyo gukora zirashobora guhangana kandi gukomera kwicyuma kiyobora birashobora kunozwa.
V. Ibisabwa kuri radiyo yumurongo mwinshi
Umuvuduko mwinshi wa resonant bivuze ko sisitemu ishobora gusubira vuba muburyo butajegajega iyo ikorewe kwivanga hanze kandi ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ihindagurika. Kunoza amajwi ya sisitemu, sisitemu ikurikira irashobora gutangira:
Hindura igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byoherejwe: Shushanya neza imiterere nubunini bwibintu byogukwirakwiza nkibikoresho byo kuyobora hamwe na gari ya moshi ziyobora kugirango uzamure inshuro zisanzwe. Kurugero, gukoresha imiyoboro ihanamye irashobora kugabanya uburemere no kunoza inshuro karemano.
Hitamo ibikoresho bibereye: Hitamo ibikoresho bifite modulus ihanitse kandi yubucucike buke, nka titanium alloy, nibindi, bishobora kunoza ubukana ninshuro zisanzwe zoherejwe.
Ongera damping: Kwiyongera gukwiye kwa damping muri sisitemu birashobora gukoresha ingufu zinyeganyeza, kugabanya impinga ya resonant, no kuzamura ituze rya sisitemu. Damping ya sisitemu irashobora kwiyongera ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gusiba no gushiraho dampers.
Umuvuduko mwinshi wa resonant bivuze ko sisitemu ishobora gusubira vuba muburyo butajegajega iyo ikorewe kwivanga hanze kandi ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ihindagurika. Kunoza amajwi ya sisitemu, sisitemu ikurikira irashobora gutangira:
Hindura igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byoherejwe: Shushanya neza imiterere nubunini bwibintu byogukwirakwiza nkibikoresho byo kuyobora hamwe na gari ya moshi ziyobora kugirango uzamure inshuro zisanzwe. Kurugero, gukoresha imiyoboro ihanamye irashobora kugabanya uburemere no kunoza inshuro karemano.
Hitamo ibikoresho bibereye: Hitamo ibikoresho bifite modulus ihanitse kandi yubucucike buke, nka titanium alloy, nibindi, bishobora kunoza ubukana ninshuro zisanzwe zoherejwe.
Ongera damping: Kwiyongera gukwiye kwa damping muri sisitemu birashobora gukoresha ingufu zinyeganyeza, kugabanya impinga ya resonant, no kuzamura ituze rya sisitemu. Damping ya sisitemu irashobora kwiyongera ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gusiba no gushiraho dampers.
VI. Ibisabwa kugirango igipimo gikwiye
Ikigereranyo gikwiye cyo kugabanuka gishobora gutuma sisitemu ihinduka vuba nyuma yo guhungabana nta kwiyongera gukabije kwinyeganyeza. Kugirango ubone igipimo gikwiye cyo kugabanuka, kugenzura igipimo cyo kugabanuka birashobora kugerwaho muguhindura ibipimo bya sisitemu nkibipimo bya damper hamwe na coefficient de fraisement yibice byoherejwe.
Ikigereranyo gikwiye cyo kugabanuka gishobora gutuma sisitemu ihinduka vuba nyuma yo guhungabana nta kwiyongera gukabije kwinyeganyeza. Kugirango ubone igipimo gikwiye cyo kugabanuka, kugenzura igipimo cyo kugabanuka birashobora kugerwaho muguhindura ibipimo bya sisitemu nkibipimo bya damper hamwe na coefficient de fraisement yibice byoherejwe.
Muri make, kugirango huzuzwe ibisabwa bikomeye ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC muburyo bwo kohereza ibiryo, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zifatika. Izi ngamba ntizishobora gusa kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya neza no gukoresha neza ibikoresho byimashini ariko kandi bizamura umutekano no kwizerwa byibikoresho byimashini, bitanga inkunga ikomeye mugutezimbere inganda zigezweho.
Mubikorwa bifatika, birakenewe kandi gusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu bitandukanye ukurikije ibikenewe gutunganyirizwa hamwe nibiranga ibikoresho byimashini hanyuma ugahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza ibiryo hamwe ningamba nziza. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho bishya, ikoranabuhanga, hamwe n’ibitekerezo bishushanya bigenda bigaragara, ibyo bikaba bitanga n'umwanya mugari wo kurushaho kunoza imikorere yuburyo bwo kohereza ibiryo ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC. Mu bihe biri imbere, uburyo bwo kohereza ibiryo ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC bizakomeza gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cyukuri, umuvuduko mwinshi, no kwizerwa cyane.