Ihame nintambwe zo guhinduranya ibikoresho byikora muri CNC Imashini
Abstract: Uru rupapuro rusobanura mu buryo burambuye ku kamaro k’igikoresho cyo guhindura ibikoresho byikora mu bigo bitunganya imashini za CNC, ihame ryo guhindura ibikoresho byikora, hamwe nintambwe zihariye, zirimo ibintu nko gupakira ibikoresho, guhitamo ibikoresho, no guhindura ibikoresho. Igamije gusesengura byimazeyo tekinoroji yo guhindura ibikoresho byikora, gutanga inkunga yubuyobozi nubuyobozi bufatika bwo kunoza imikorere no gutunganya neza ibigo bitunganya imashini za CNC, gufasha abashoramari kumva neza no kumenya neza ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi, hanyuma bikazamura umusaruro nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.
I. Intangiriro
Nkibikoresho byingenzi mubikorwa bigezweho, ibigo bitunganya CNC bigira uruhare runini hamwe nibikoresho byabo byoguhindura ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo guca ibikoresho, hamwe nibikoresho bya pallet bihindura. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bikoresho bifasha ibigo byo gutunganya kurangiza gutunganya ibice byinshi bitandukanye byakazi nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, kugabanya cyane igihe cyo kudakora amakosa, kugabanya neza ibicuruzwa byakozwe, kandi bifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere gutunganya neza ibicuruzwa. Nkigice cyibanze muribo, imikorere yibikoresho byikora byikora bifitanye isano itaziguye nurwego rwo gutunganya neza. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kumahame nintambwe bifite agaciro gakomeye.
II. Ihame ryibikoresho byikora byahinduwe muri CNC Imashini
(I) Inzira Yibanze yo Guhindura Ibikoresho
Nubwo hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwibinyamakuru byibikoresho muri CNC ikora imashini, nkibinyamakuru byo mu bwoko bwa disiki n'ibinyamakuru byo mu bwoko bw'urunigi, inzira y'ibanze yo guhindura ibikoresho irahuye. Iyo igikoresho cyo guhindura ibikoresho byikora cyakiriye amabwiriza yo guhindura ibikoresho, sisitemu yose itangira vuba gahunda yo guhindura ibikoresho. Ubwa mbere, spindle izahita ihagarika kuzunguruka kandi ihagarare neza ahabigenewe ibikoresho byahinduwe hifashishijwe sisitemu ihanitse cyane. Ibikurikira, igikoresho cyo kudafungura uburyo bukoreshwa kugirango igikoresho gikoreshwe muri leta isimburwa. Hagati aho, ukurikije amabwiriza ya sisitemu yo kugenzura, ikinyamakuru cyibikoresho gitwara ibikoresho byoherejwe kugirango byihute kandi neza kwimura igikoresho gishya kumwanya uhindura ibikoresho kandi unakora igikoresho kidacana. Hanyuma, amaboko abiri ya manipulator akora byihuse kugirango afate neza ibikoresho bishya nibishaje icyarimwe. Nyuma yo guhana ibikoresho ibikoresho bizunguruka kumwanya ukwiye, manipulator ashyira igikoresho gishya kuri spindle agashyira igikoresho gishaje mumwanya wubusa wikinyamakuru. Hanyuma, spindle ikora clamping igikorwa kugirango ifate neza igikoresho gishya hanyuma igaruke kumwanya wambere wo gutunganya munsi yubuyobozi bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura, bityo irangiza inzira yose yo guhindura ibikoresho.
(II) Isesengura ryimikorere yibikoresho
Mugihe cyo guhindura ibikoresho murwego rwo gutunganya, kugenda kwigikoresho ahanini bigizwe nibice bine byingenzi:
- Igikoresho gihagarara hamwe na Spindle kandi cyimukira kumwanya uhindura ibikoresho: Iyi nzira isaba spindle guhagarika kuzunguruka vuba kandi neza kandi ikimukira kumwanya wihariye wo guhindura ibikoresho binyuze muri sisitemu yimikorere yibikoresho bya mashini ihuza imirongo. Mubisanzwe, uru rugendo rugerwaho nuburyo bwogukwirakwiza nka screw-nut couple ikoreshwa na moteri kugirango harebwe neza niba imyanya ihagaze neza yujuje ibisabwa.
- Kwimura Igikoresho mu Kinyamakuru Igikoresho: Uburyo bwo kugenda bwigikoresho mu kinyamakuru cyibikoresho biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ikinyamakuru. Kurugero, mumurongo wubwoko bwibikoresho byikinyamakuru, igikoresho cyimuka kumwanya wagenwe hamwe no kuzenguruka urunigi. Iyi nzira isaba moteri yo gutwara ikinyamakuru cyigikoresho kugirango igenzure neza impande zizenguruka n'umuvuduko wurunigi kugirango tumenye neza ko igikoresho gishobora kugera kumwanya uhindura ibikoresho neza. Mu kinyamakuru ubwoko bwibikoresho bya disiki, imyanya yigikoresho igerwaho hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kuzenguruka bwikinyamakuru.
- Kwimura Igikoresho cyigikoresho hamwe nigikoresho cyo guhindura ibikoresho: Igikoresho cyo guhindura ibikoresho manipulatrice iragoye kuko ikeneye kugera kubintu byombi bizunguruka. Mugihe cyo gufata ibikoresho no kurekura ibikoresho, manipulator ikeneye kwegera no gusiga igikoresho binyuze mumurongo ugororotse. Mubisanzwe, ibi bigerwaho nuburyo bwa rack na pinion butwarwa na hydraulic silinderi cyangwa silinderi yo mu kirere, hanyuma igatwara ukuboko kwa mashini kugirango igere kumurongo. Mugihe cyo gukuramo ibikoresho no kwinjiza ibikoresho, usibye kugenda kumurongo, manipulatrice nayo igomba gukora inguni runaka yo kuzunguruka kugirango irebe ko igikoresho gishobora gukururwa neza kandi cyinjijwe muri spindle cyangwa ikinyamakuru cyibikoresho. Uku kuzenguruka kugerwaho binyuze mubufatanye hagati yukuboko kwa mashini na shitingi ya gear, birimo guhinduranya kinematike.
- Kwimuka kw'igikoresho Garuka kumwanya wo gutunganya hamwe na 主轴: Nyuma yo guhindura ibikoresho birangiye, spindle ikeneye gusubira byihuse kumwanya wambere wo gutunganya hamwe nigikoresho gishya kugirango ukomeze ibikorwa byo gutunganya nyuma. Iyi nzira isa nigikorwa cyigikoresho cyimuka kumwanya uhindura ibikoresho ariko muburyo bunyuranye. Irasaba kandi imyanya ihanitse cyane hamwe nigisubizo cyihuse kugirango ugabanye igihe cyigihe cyo gutunganya no kunoza imikorere.
III. Intambwe zo Guhindura Ibikoresho Byikora muri CNC Imashini
(I) Ibikoresho byo gupakira
- Uburyo busanzwe bwo gufata ibikoresho
Ubu buryo bwo gupakira ibikoresho bifite uburyo bworoshye bwo guhinduka. Abakoresha barashobora gushyira ibikoresho mubikoresho byose mubikoresho byikinyamakuru. Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko nyuma yo kwishyiriraho ibikoresho birangiye, umubare wabafite ibikoresho aho igikoresho giherereye ugomba kwandikwa neza kugirango sisitemu yo kugenzura ibashe kubona neza no guhamagara igikoresho ukurikije amabwiriza ya gahunda mugikorwa gikurikiraho. Kurugero, mubice bimwe bigoye gutunganya, ibikoresho birashobora gukenera guhinduka kenshi ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya. Muri iki kibazo, uburyo butemewe bwo gufata ibikoresho birashobora gutondekanya uburyo bwo kubika ibikoresho ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze no kunoza ibikoresho byo gupakira neza. - Uburyo buhamye bwo gufata ibikoresho
Bitandukanye nuburyo buteganijwe bwo gufata ibintu, uburyo buhoraho bwo gufata ibikoresho bisaba ko ibikoresho bigomba gushyirwa mubikoresho byabigenewe. Ibyiza byubu buryo nuko imyanya yo kubika ibikoresho ikosowe, ikaba yorohereza abashoramari kwibuka no gucunga, kandi ikanafasha muburyo bwihuse no guhamagarira ibikoresho na sisitemu yo kugenzura. Mubikorwa bimwe bimwe byo gutunganya umusaruro, niba inzira yo gutunganya ikosowe neza, gukoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo gufata ibikoresho birashobora kunoza ituze no kwizerwa mugutunganya no kugabanya impanuka zo gutunganya zatewe numwanya wabitswe nabi.
(II) Guhitamo ibikoresho
Guhitamo ibikoresho ni urufunguzo rwibanze muburyo bwo guhindura ibikoresho byikora, kandi intego yabyo ni uguhitamo byihuse kandi neza igikoresho cyerekanwe mubinyamakuru byabikoresho kugirango uhuze ibikenewe muburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya. Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo bubiri bukurikira bwo guhitamo ibikoresho:
- Guhitamo ibikoresho bikurikirana
Uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho bikurikirana bisaba abashoramari gushyira ibikoresho mubikoresho byabigenewe bikurikije bikurikiranye nuburyo bwa tekinoroji mugihe cyo gupakira ibikoresho. Mugihe cyo gutunganya, sisitemu yo kugenzura izajya ifata ibikoresho umwe umwe ukurikije uko ibikoresho byakurikiranwe hanyuma bigasubizwa mubikoresho byumwimerere nyuma yo kubikoresha. Ibyiza byubu buryo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho nuko byoroshye gukora kandi bifite igiciro gito, kandi birakwiriye kubikorwa bimwe byo gutunganya hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya hamwe nibikoresho byakoreshejwe bikurikirana. Kurugero, mugutunganya ibice bimwe byoroshye bya shaft, gusa ibikoresho bike muburyo bukurikiranye birashobora gukenerwa. Muri iki kibazo, uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho bikurikirana birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gutunganya kandi birashobora kugabanya igiciro nuburemere bwibikoresho. - Guhitamo ibikoresho bisanzwe
- Igikoresho gifata ibikoresho byo gutoranya ibikoresho
Ubu buryo bwo gutoranya ibikoresho burimo kwandikisha buri kintu gifata igikoresho mu kinyamakuru hanyuma ugashyira ibikoresho bihuye na kodegisi yabikoresho mubikoresho byabigenewe byabigenewe umwe umwe. Iyo porogaramu, abakoresha bakoresha aderesi T kugirango berekane kode ifata ibikoresho aho igikoresho giherereye. Sisitemu yo kugenzura itwara igikoresho kugirango yimure igikoresho kijyanye nigikoresho cyo guhindura ukurikije aya makuru ya code. Ibyiza byigikoresho gifata ibikoresho byo gutoranya ibikoresho ni uko guhitamo ibikoresho byoroshye kandi birashobora guhuza nimirimo imwe yo gutunganya hamwe nuburyo bugoye bwo gutunganya hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa bwibikoresho. Kurugero, mugutunganya ibice bimwe byindege bigoye, ibikoresho birashobora gukenera guhindurwa kenshi ukurikije ibice bitandukanye byo gutunganya nibisabwa, kandi ibikoresho byakoreshejwe ntabwo byakosowe. Muri iki kibazo, ibikoresho bifata ibikoresho byo gutoranya ibikoresho birashobora guhitamo byoroshye guhitamo byihuse no gusimbuza ibikoresho no kunoza imikorere. - Guhitamo ibikoresho byo kwibuka mudasobwa
Guhitamo ibikoresho bya mudasobwa yibikoresho nuburyo bwateye imbere kandi bwubwenge bwo guhitamo ibikoresho. Muri ubu buryo, nimero yibikoresho hamwe nububiko bwabo cyangwa nimero yabatunze ibikoresho byafashwe mumutwe muburyo bwa mudasobwa cyangwa ububiko bwa programme logic controller. Mugihe bibaye ngombwa guhindura ibikoresho mugihe cyo gutunganya, sisitemu yo kugenzura izahita ibona amakuru yumwanya wibikoresho bivuye murwibutso ukurikije amabwiriza ya porogaramu kandi igatwara ikinyamakuru ibikoresho kugirango byihute kandi neza kwimura ibikoresho kumwanya uhindura ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko guhindura aderesi yububiko bwibikoresho bishobora kwibukwa na mudasobwa mugihe nyacyo, ibikoresho birashobora gukururwa no koherezwa uko bishakiye mu kinyamakuru cyibikoresho, bikazamura cyane imikorere yubuyobozi no gukoresha neza ibikoresho. Ubu buryo bwo gutoranya ibikoresho bukoreshwa cyane mubigo bigezweho bya CNC bigezweho kandi bikora neza, cyane cyane bibereye gutunganya imirimo hamwe nibikorwa bitunganijwe bigoye hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho, nko gutunganya ibice nka moteri yimodoka hamwe numutwe wa silinderi.
(III) Guhindura ibikoresho
Igikorwa cyo guhindura ibikoresho gishobora kugabanwa mubihe bikurikira ukurikije ubwoko bwibikoresho bifata igikoresho kuri spindle hamwe nigikoresho gisimburwa mu kinyamakuru ibikoresho:
- Byombi Igikoresho kuri Spindle hamwe nigikoresho gisimburwa mu kinyamakuru Tool kiri mubikoresho bisanzwe.
Muri iki kibazo, uburyo bwo guhindura ibikoresho nuburyo bukurikira: Icya mbere, ikinyamakuru cyigikoresho gikora ibikorwa byo gutoranya ibikoresho ukurikije amabwiriza ya sisitemu yo kugenzura kugirango yimure vuba igikoresho gisimbuzwa umwanya uhindura ibikoresho. Hanyuma, amaboko abiri ya manipulator aragura kugirango afate neza igikoresho gishya mu kinyamakuru ibikoresho nigikoresho gishaje kuri spindle. Ibikurikira, ibikoresho byo guhanahana imbonerahamwe bizunguruka kugirango bizenguruke igikoresho gishya nigikoresho gishaje kumwanya uhuye na spindle hamwe nikinyamakuru cyibikoresho. Hanyuma, manipulator yinjiza igikoresho gishya muri spindle ikagifunga, kandi mugihe kimwe, igashyira igikoresho gishaje mumwanya wubusa wikinyamakuru cyibikoresho kugirango urangize ibikorwa byo guhindura ibikoresho. Ubu buryo bwo guhindura ibikoresho bufite uburyo bworoshye bwo guhinduka kandi burashobora guhuza nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya no guhuza ibikoresho, ariko bifite ibisabwa cyane kugirango habeho ukuri kwa manipulator n'umuvuduko wo gusubiza sisitemu yo kugenzura. - Igikoresho kuri Spindle gishyirwa mubikoresho bifatika, kandi igikoresho kigomba gusimburwa kiri mubikoresho bisanzwe cyangwa igikoresho gifatika.
Igikoresho cyo gutoranya ibikoresho bisa nuburyo bwo hejuru bwibikoresho bifata ibikoresho byo guhitamo uburyo. Mugihe uhinduye igikoresho, nyuma yo gufata igikoresho muri spindle, ikinyamakuru cyigikoresho kigomba kuzunguruka mbere kumwanya wihariye wo kwakira igikoresho cya spindle kugirango igikoresho gishaje gishobora koherezwa neza mubinyamakuru. Ubu buryo bwo guhindura ibikoresho burasanzwe mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byo gutunganya hamwe nuburyo bugereranije bwo gutunganya hamwe ninshuro zikoreshwa zikoreshwa rya spindle. Kurugero, muburyo bumwe bwo gutunganya umwobo wo gutunganya, imyitozo yihariye cyangwa reamers irashobora gukoreshwa kuri spindle igihe kirekire. Muri iki kibazo, gushyira igikoresho cya spindle mugikoresho gifatika gifite ibikoresho birashobora kunoza ituze nuburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya. - Igikoresho kuri Spindle kiri mubikoresho bisanzwe, kandi igikoresho kigomba gusimburwa kiri mubikoresho bifatika.
Igikoresho cyo gutoranya ibikoresho nacyo ni uguhitamo igikoresho cyerekanwe mubinyamakuru byigikoresho ukurikije inzira yo gutunganya. Mugihe uhinduye igikoresho, igikoresho cyakuwe muri spindle kizoherezwa kumwanya wibikoresho byegereye kugirango ukoreshwe nyuma. Ubu buryo bwo guhindura ibikoresho, kurwego runaka, hitabwa ku guhuza ububiko bwibikoresho no korohereza imiyoborere yikinyamakuru. Birakwiriye kubikorwa bimwe byo gutunganya hamwe nuburyo bugoye bwo gutunganya, ubwoko bwibikoresho byinshi, hamwe nubunini buke bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bimwe. Kurugero, muburyo bumwe bwo gutunganya, ibikoresho byinshi byibisobanuro bitandukanye birashobora gukoreshwa, ariko ibikoresho bimwe bidasanzwe bikoreshwa gake. Muri iki kibazo, gushyira ibyo bikoresho mubikoresho byabigenewe no kubika ibikoresho byakoreshejwe kuri spindle hafi birashobora kuzamura igipimo cyo gukoresha umwanya wikinyamakuru cyibikoresho no guhindura ibikoresho neza.
IV. Umwanzuro
Ihame nintambwe zo guhindura ibikoresho byikora muri santere ya CNC ikora ni ibintu bigoye kandi byuzuye bya sisitemu yubuhanga, ikubiyemo ubumenyi bwa tekinike mubice byinshi nkimashini zikoreshwa, kugenzura amashanyarazi, hamwe na porogaramu ya software. Gusobanukirwa byimbitse no kumenya neza tekinoroji yo guhindura ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga bifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere gutunganya neza, gutunganya neza, hamwe nibikoresho byizewe bya santere ya CNC. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryinganda zikora niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho byoguhindura ibikoresho byikigo cya CNC gikora imashini nabyo bizakomeza guhanga udushya no gutera imbere, bigana kumuvuduko mwinshi, ubunyangamugayo buhanitse, hamwe nubwenge bukomeye kugirango bihuze ibyifuzo bikenerwa gutunganya ibice bigoye kandi bitange inkunga ikomeye yo guteza imbere impinduka no kuzamura inganda zikora. Mubikorwa bifatika, abashoramari bagomba guhitamo muburyo bwo gupakira ibikoresho, uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho, hamwe ningamba zo guhindura ibikoresho ukurikije ibiranga nibisabwa mumirimo yo gutunganya kugirango bakoreshe neza ibyiza byikigo gikora imashini za CNC, kunoza imikorere nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Hagati aho, abakora ibikoresho bagomba kandi gukomeza kunonosora igishushanyo mbonera nogukora ibikoresho byoguhindura ibikoresho byikora kugirango bongere imikorere nibihamye byibikoresho no guha abakoresha ibisubizo byujuje ubuziranenge kandi bunoze bwa CNC.