Imashini yo gusya ya CNC: Guhitamo Byiza byo Gukora Iterambere
Kuri stade yinganda zigezweho, imashini isya CNC yabaye ibikoresho byingenzi byingirakamaro hamwe nibikorwa byayo byiza hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutunganya neza. Imashini yo gusya ya CNC ihuza sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyuma kuri mashini isanzwe yo gusya kandi irashobora gukora ibikorwa bigoye kandi bisobanutse neza bigenzurwa neza na code ya progaramu. Ibikurikira, reka dusuzume imikorere myiza yimashini ya CNC yo gusya nuburyo ibice byayo bitandukanye bikorana kugirango umusaruro ube mwiza kandi wujuje ubuziranenge mu nganda zikora.
Kuri stade yinganda zigezweho, imashini isya CNC yabaye ibikoresho byingenzi byingirakamaro hamwe nibikorwa byayo byiza hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutunganya neza. Imashini yo gusya ya CNC ihuza sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyuma kuri mashini isanzwe yo gusya kandi irashobora gukora ibikorwa bigoye kandi bisobanutse neza bigenzurwa neza na code ya progaramu. Ibikurikira, reka dusuzume imikorere myiza yimashini ya CNC yo gusya nuburyo ibice byayo bitandukanye bikorana kugirango umusaruro ube mwiza kandi wujuje ubuziranenge mu nganda zikora.
I. Ibigize n'imikorere ya mashini ya CNC
Imashini yo gusya ya CNC mubusanzwe igizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi nka sisitemu ya CNC, sisitemu nyamukuru yo gutwara, sisitemu yo kugaburira servo, sisitemu yo gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta, ibikoresho bifasha, hamwe nibikoresho bigize imashini, kandi buri gice kigira uruhare runini.
Imashini yo gusya ya CNC mubusanzwe igizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi nka sisitemu ya CNC, sisitemu nyamukuru yo gutwara, sisitemu yo kugaburira servo, sisitemu yo gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta, ibikoresho bifasha, hamwe nibikoresho bigize imashini, kandi buri gice kigira uruhare runini.
Sisitemu ya CNC
Sisitemu ya CNC nubwonko bwibanze bwimashini isya CNC, ishinzwe gukora gahunda yo gutunganya CNC no kugenzura neza inzira yimikorere no gutunganya ibikoresho byimashini. Ifite imikorere yubwenge kandi yikora kandi irashobora kugera kubuhanga bukomeye bwo gutunganya nko gutunganya umurongo no gutunganya ibice bitatu. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu ya CNC yateye imbere nayo ifite imirimo nko kwishyura amakosa no kugenzura imihindagurikire y'ikirere, kurushaho kunoza imikorere no gutunganya ubuziranenge.
Sisitemu ya CNC nubwonko bwibanze bwimashini isya CNC, ishinzwe gukora gahunda yo gutunganya CNC no kugenzura neza inzira yimikorere no gutunganya ibikoresho byimashini. Ifite imikorere yubwenge kandi yikora kandi irashobora kugera kubuhanga bukomeye bwo gutunganya nko gutunganya umurongo no gutunganya ibice bitatu. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu ya CNC yateye imbere nayo ifite imirimo nko kwishyura amakosa no kugenzura imihindagurikire y'ikirere, kurushaho kunoza imikorere no gutunganya ubuziranenge.
Sisitemu Nkuru ya Sisitemu
Sisitemu nyamukuru ya sisitemu ikubiyemo agasanduku ka spindle na sisitemu ya spindle. Uruhare rwarwo nyamukuru ni ugufunga igikoresho no gutwara igikoresho cyo kuzunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi. Umuvuduko uringaniza nibisohoka torque ya spindle igira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere no gutunganya. Kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya, spindle yimashini zogusya za CNC zisanzwe zifite imikorere yihuta kandi irashobora kugera kumuvuduko wihuta muburyo butandukanye kugirango uhuze nibisabwa nibikoresho bitandukanye.
Sisitemu nyamukuru ya sisitemu ikubiyemo agasanduku ka spindle na sisitemu ya spindle. Uruhare rwarwo nyamukuru ni ugufunga igikoresho no gutwara igikoresho cyo kuzunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi. Umuvuduko uringaniza nibisohoka torque ya spindle igira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere no gutunganya. Kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya, spindle yimashini zogusya za CNC zisanzwe zifite imikorere yihuta kandi irashobora kugera kumuvuduko wihuta muburyo butandukanye kugirango uhuze nibisabwa nibikoresho bitandukanye.
Kugaburira Sisitemu ya Servo
Sisitemu yo kugaburira servo igizwe na moteri yo kugaburira hamwe nogukoresha ibiryo. Igera kumurongo ugereranije hagati yigikoresho nigikorwa ukurikije umuvuduko wo kugaburira hamwe na trayectory yashyizweho na gahunda. Uku kugenzura neza kwimikorere ituma imashini isya CNC ikora imashini ibice bitandukanye bigoye, harimo imirongo igororotse, imirongo, arcs, nibindi.
Sisitemu yo kugaburira servo igizwe na moteri yo kugaburira hamwe nogukoresha ibiryo. Igera kumurongo ugereranije hagati yigikoresho nigikorwa ukurikije umuvuduko wo kugaburira hamwe na trayectory yashyizweho na gahunda. Uku kugenzura neza kwimikorere ituma imashini isya CNC ikora imashini ibice bitandukanye bigoye, harimo imirongo igororotse, imirongo, arcs, nibindi.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha no gusiga
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha no gusiga ifite uruhare runini mugutunganya. Irashobora kugabanya neza ubushyuhe bwigikoresho nigikorwa cyakazi, kugabanya guterana no kwambara, no kongera igihe cyumurimo wigikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, gukonjesha neza no gusiga birashobora kandi kunoza ubwiza bwo gutunganya no gukumira chip gufatira hamwe no gushiraho impande zubatswe.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha no gusiga ifite uruhare runini mugutunganya. Irashobora kugabanya neza ubushyuhe bwigikoresho nigikorwa cyakazi, kugabanya guterana no kwambara, no kongera igihe cyumurimo wigikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, gukonjesha neza no gusiga birashobora kandi kunoza ubwiza bwo gutunganya no gukumira chip gufatira hamwe no gushiraho impande zubatswe.
Ibikoresho by'abafasha
Ibikoresho bifasha birimo hydraulic, pneumatic, lubrication, sisitemu yo gukonjesha, hamwe no gukuramo chip nibikoresho byo gukingira. Sisitemu ya hydraulic na pneumatike itanga imbaraga kubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byigikoresho cyimashini, nko gufunga no kurekura. Sisitemu yo gusiga itanga imikorere isanzwe ya buri gice cyimashini yimashini kandi igabanya kwambara. Igikoresho cyo gukuramo chip kirashobora guhita gikuramo chip zakozwe mugihe cyo gutunganya kugirango zibungabunge ibidukikije bisukuye kandi bifite umutekano. Igikoresho cyo gukingira kirinda umukoresha kumenagura chip nibindi bintu bishobora guteza akaga.
Ibikoresho bifasha birimo hydraulic, pneumatic, lubrication, sisitemu yo gukonjesha, hamwe no gukuramo chip nibikoresho byo gukingira. Sisitemu ya hydraulic na pneumatike itanga imbaraga kubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byigikoresho cyimashini, nko gufunga no kurekura. Sisitemu yo gusiga itanga imikorere isanzwe ya buri gice cyimashini yimashini kandi igabanya kwambara. Igikoresho cyo gukuramo chip kirashobora guhita gikuramo chip zakozwe mugihe cyo gutunganya kugirango zibungabunge ibidukikije bisukuye kandi bifite umutekano. Igikoresho cyo gukingira kirinda umukoresha kumenagura chip nibindi bintu bishobora guteza akaga.
Ibikoresho by'imashini Ibikoresho
Ibikoresho by'imashini ibice bigize ibice byibanze shingiro, inkingi, na crossbeam, nibindi bigize urufatiro nurwego rwibikoresho byose byimashini. Gukomera no gutuza kw'ibikoresho fatizo bigize imashini bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye no gutunganya neza imikorere yimashini. Ibikoresho byibanze byimashini yibikoresho birashobora kwihanganira imbaraga nini zo gukata no kunyeganyega, bikagumya kugumana neza ibikoresho byimashini mugihe kirekire.
Ibikoresho by'imashini ibice bigize ibice byibanze shingiro, inkingi, na crossbeam, nibindi bigize urufatiro nurwego rwibikoresho byose byimashini. Gukomera no gutuza kw'ibikoresho fatizo bigize imashini bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye no gutunganya neza imikorere yimashini. Ibikoresho byibanze byimashini yibikoresho birashobora kwihanganira imbaraga nini zo gukata no kunyeganyega, bikagumya kugumana neza ibikoresho byimashini mugihe kirekire.
II. Ibikorwa nyamukuru biranga imashini isya CNC
Gutunganya-Byuzuye
Imashini yo gusya ya CNC ikoresha sisitemu yo kugenzura kandi irashobora kugera ku gutunganya neza kurwego rwa micrometero cyangwa hejuru. Binyuze mu kugenzura neza imyanya, kugenzura umuvuduko, hamwe nibikorwa byindishyi zibikoresho, amakosa yabantu arashobora kuvaho neza, kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya no guhuzagurika. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibice bisobanutse neza nkibibumbano nibigize ikirere, imashini isya CNC irashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byo kwihanganira geometrike.
Gutunganya-Byuzuye
Imashini yo gusya ya CNC ikoresha sisitemu yo kugenzura kandi irashobora kugera ku gutunganya neza kurwego rwa micrometero cyangwa hejuru. Binyuze mu kugenzura neza imyanya, kugenzura umuvuduko, hamwe nibikorwa byindishyi zibikoresho, amakosa yabantu arashobora kuvaho neza, kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya no guhuzagurika. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibice bisobanutse neza nkibibumbano nibigize ikirere, imashini isya CNC irashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byo kwihanganira geometrike.
Umusaruro-mwinshi
Urwego rwo gutangiza imashini ya CNC yo gusya ni ndende kandi irashobora kugera kubitunganya bihoraho no gutunganya ibintu byinshi. Ubuso bwinshi bushobora gutunganywa hamwe na clamping imwe, bikagabanya cyane umubare wamashanyarazi nigihe cyo gufasha no kuzamura umusaruro. Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko wibiryo byihuse hamwe n umuvuduko mwinshi wa imashini isya CNC nayo itanga garanti ikomeye yo gutunganya neza.
Urwego rwo gutangiza imashini ya CNC yo gusya ni ndende kandi irashobora kugera kubitunganya bihoraho no gutunganya ibintu byinshi. Ubuso bwinshi bushobora gutunganywa hamwe na clamping imwe, bikagabanya cyane umubare wamashanyarazi nigihe cyo gufasha no kuzamura umusaruro. Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko wibiryo byihuse hamwe n umuvuduko mwinshi wa imashini isya CNC nayo itanga garanti ikomeye yo gutunganya neza.
Ubushobozi bwo Gutunganya Imiterere
Hamwe na sisitemu yateye imbere ya CNC hamwe no kugenzura ibintu byoroshye, imashini yo gusya ya CNC irashobora gukora imashini zitandukanye zimeze nkibintu bigoye, nkibice bigoramye, imyobo idasanzwe, hamwe na shobuja. Haba mubikorwa byububiko, gutunganya ibice byimodoka, cyangwa gukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi, imashini isya CNC irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gutunganya ibice bimeze nkibice.
Hamwe na sisitemu yateye imbere ya CNC hamwe no kugenzura ibintu byoroshye, imashini yo gusya ya CNC irashobora gukora imashini zitandukanye zimeze nkibintu bigoye, nkibice bigoramye, imyobo idasanzwe, hamwe na shobuja. Haba mubikorwa byububiko, gutunganya ibice byimodoka, cyangwa gukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi, imashini isya CNC irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gutunganya ibice bimeze nkibice.
Guhindura neza no guhinduka
Imashini yo gusya ya CNC irashobora guhuza nogutunganya ibice hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye, imiterere, nubunini muguhindura ibikoresho no guhindura gahunda yo gutunganya. Uku guhindagurika no guhinduka biha imashini isya CNC inyungu nziza mubikorwa bito-bito kandi bitandukanye kandi birashobora gusubiza vuba impinduka zikenewe ku isoko.
Imashini yo gusya ya CNC irashobora guhuza nogutunganya ibice hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye, imiterere, nubunini muguhindura ibikoresho no guhindura gahunda yo gutunganya. Uku guhindagurika no guhinduka biha imashini isya CNC inyungu nziza mubikorwa bito-bito kandi bitandukanye kandi birashobora gusubiza vuba impinduka zikenewe ku isoko.
Biroroshye Kumenya Umusaruro Wikora
Imashini yo gusya ya CNC irashobora guhuzwa nibikoresho nkibikoresho byo gupakira no gupakurura byikora hamwe na robo kugirango bibe umurongo wibyakozwe kandi bigere kumusaruro utagira abapilote cyangwa udafite abakozi. Ibi ntabwo bizamura umusaruro gusa ahubwo binagabanya ibiciro byakazi kandi bizamura ireme ryibicuruzwa.
Imashini yo gusya ya CNC irashobora guhuzwa nibikoresho nkibikoresho byo gupakira no gupakurura byikora hamwe na robo kugirango bibe umurongo wibyakozwe kandi bigere kumusaruro utagira abapilote cyangwa udafite abakozi. Ibi ntabwo bizamura umusaruro gusa ahubwo binagabanya ibiciro byakazi kandi bizamura ireme ryibicuruzwa.
III. Ibiranga imashini ya CNC yo gusya
Nkigice cyingenzi cya sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi, imashini isya imashini ya CNC ifite ibintu bikurikira bikurikira:
Umunini munini-Umuyoboro mwinshi hamwe nibisohoka bihamye
Irashobora gutanga itara rihagije mugihe cyihuta cyo gukora kugirango harebwe ituze nogutunganya ubuziranenge bwibikoresho byimashini mugihe cyo kugabanya umuvuduko muke.
Igenzura Ryinshi-Igenzura
Irashobora kugera kugenzura neza moteri, kunoza imikorere no gukora neza bya moteri.
Byihuta Torque Dynamic Igisubizo hamwe na Byihuta-Byihuta-Byihuse
Mugihe cyo gutunganya, irashobora guhita isubiza impinduka zumutwaro kandi ikagumana umuvuduko wumuvuduko wa moteri, bityo bigatuma ibyakozwe neza.
Kwihuta Kwihuta no Guhagarika Umuvuduko
Irashobora kugabanya igihe cyo guhagarika igikoresho cyimashini no kunoza umusaruro.
Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya kwivanga
Irashobora gukora neza mubidukikije bigoye bya electromagnetic kugirango igenzure imikorere isanzwe yimashini.
Nkigice cyingenzi cya sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi, imashini isya imashini ya CNC ifite ibintu bikurikira bikurikira:
Umunini munini-Umuyoboro mwinshi hamwe nibisohoka bihamye
Irashobora gutanga itara rihagije mugihe cyihuta cyo gukora kugirango harebwe ituze nogutunganya ubuziranenge bwibikoresho byimashini mugihe cyo kugabanya umuvuduko muke.
Igenzura Ryinshi-Igenzura
Irashobora kugera kugenzura neza moteri, kunoza imikorere no gukora neza bya moteri.
Byihuta Torque Dynamic Igisubizo hamwe na Byihuta-Byihuta-Byihuse
Mugihe cyo gutunganya, irashobora guhita isubiza impinduka zumutwaro kandi ikagumana umuvuduko wumuvuduko wa moteri, bityo bigatuma ibyakozwe neza.
Kwihuta Kwihuta no Guhagarika Umuvuduko
Irashobora kugabanya igihe cyo guhagarika igikoresho cyimashini no kunoza umusaruro.
Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya kwivanga
Irashobora gukora neza mubidukikije bigoye bya electromagnetic kugirango igenzure imikorere isanzwe yimashini.
IV. Ibikoresho byo gutunganya imashini ya CNC yo gusya - Ibikoresho
Ibikoresho ni igikoresho cyingenzi gikoreshwa mugukata ibihangano mugihe cyo gutunganya imashini ya CNC. Kumashini yo gusya ya CNC, guhitamo ibikoresho bigomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku bunini bwibice byakozwe.
Kubice bimwe, bito-bito, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya hamwe numurimo munini wakazi, guhagarara hamwe no gufatana birashobora kugerwaho muburyo butaziguye kubikoresho byimashini ikora binyuze muguhindura, hanyuma umwanya wigice ugenwa no gushyiraho sisitemu yo guhuza ibikorwa. Ubu buryo buroroshye kandi bworoshye gukora, ariko imyanya ihagaze ni mike.
Kugirango utunganyirize ibice bifite ingano yicyiciro runaka, ibice bifite imiterere isanzwe irashobora guhitamo. Ibikoresho nkibi mubisanzwe bifite ibiranga nko guhagarara neza, gufunga kwizewe, no gukora byoroshye, bishobora kunoza imikorere no gutunganya neza.
Ibikoresho ni igikoresho cyingenzi gikoreshwa mugukata ibihangano mugihe cyo gutunganya imashini ya CNC. Kumashini yo gusya ya CNC, guhitamo ibikoresho bigomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku bunini bwibice byakozwe.
Kubice bimwe, bito-bito, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya hamwe numurimo munini wakazi, guhagarara hamwe no gufatana birashobora kugerwaho muburyo butaziguye kubikoresho byimashini ikora binyuze muguhindura, hanyuma umwanya wigice ugenwa no gushyiraho sisitemu yo guhuza ibikorwa. Ubu buryo buroroshye kandi bworoshye gukora, ariko imyanya ihagaze ni mike.
Kugirango utunganyirize ibice bifite ingano yicyiciro runaka, ibice bifite imiterere isanzwe irashobora guhitamo. Ibikoresho nkibi mubisanzwe bifite ibiranga nko guhagarara neza, gufunga kwizewe, no gukora byoroshye, bishobora kunoza imikorere no gutunganya neza.
Mu gusoza, imashini isya ya CNC, hamwe nibikorwa byayo byiza nkibisobanuro bihanitse, gukora neza, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya imiterere igoye, guhuza byinshi, guhinduka, no kumenyekanisha byoroshye umusaruro wikora, bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bigezweho. Hamwe niterambere rikomeje no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, imikorere yimashini isya CNC izakomeza gutera imbere, itanga inkunga ikomeye yo guteza imbere inganda zikora.