Isesengura ryimbitse ryurwego rusobanutse no gutunganya neza ibisabwa kubice byingenzi byibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC
Mu nganda zigezweho, ibikoresho byimashini za CNC byahindutse ibikoresho byibanze byo gukora ibice bitandukanye byuzuye neza, neza cyane, hamwe na automatike yo hejuru. Urwego rwukuri rwibikoresho byimashini za CNC rugena neza ubwiza nuburemere bwibice bashobora gutunganya, kandi ibisabwa byo gutunganya neza ibice byingenzi bigize ibice bisanzwe bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo ibikoresho byimashini za CNC.
Ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC birashobora gushyirwa mubwoko butandukanye ukurikije imikoreshereze yabyo, harimo byoroshye, bikora neza, ultra precision, nibindi. Ubwoko bwose burashobora kugera kumurongo utandukanye wukuri. Ibikoresho byoroshye bya mashini ya CNC biracyakoreshwa mumisarani imwe hamwe nimashini zisya, hamwe nibura byibura icyerekezo cya 0.01mm, hamwe nogukora no gutunganya neza mubisanzwe hejuru (0.03-0.05) mm. Ubu bwoko bwimashini ikwiranye nimirimo imwe yo gutunganya hamwe nibisabwa bike ugereranije.
Ultra precision ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumashanyarazi yihariye, kandi ubunyangamugayo bwayo burashobora kugera kurwego rutangaje munsi ya 0.001mm. Iki gikoresho cyimashini zidasanzwe zishobora gukora ibice byuzuye, byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa ninganda zisobanutse neza kandi zigezweho nko mu kirere nibikoresho byubuvuzi.
Usibye gutondekanya intego, ibikoresho byimashini za CNC birashobora kandi gushyirwa mubwoko busanzwe kandi busobanutse bushingiye kubwukuri. Iyo ugerageza neza ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, mubisanzwe birimo ibintu 20-30. Nyamara, ibintu byinshi bihagarariwe kandi biranga ahanini birimo umurongo umwe uhagaze neza, umurongo umwe wasubiwemo neza, hamwe nuburinganire bwikizamini cyakozwe na bibiri cyangwa byinshi bihuza imashini.
Imirongo imwe ihagaze neza yerekana ikosa mugihe uhagaritse ingingo iyo ari yo yose muri axis, kandi nikimenyetso cyingenzi kigaragaza neza ubushobozi bwimashini igikoresho cyimashini. Kugeza ubu, hari itandukaniro riri hagati y’amabwiriza, ibisobanuro, uburyo bwo gupima, nuburyo bwo gutunganya amakuru yiki kimenyetso mubihugu byisi. Mu kumenyekanisha amakuru yintangarugero kubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, ibipimo bisanzwe birimo American American Standard (NAS), ibipimo byasabwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamerika bakora ibikoresho by’imashini, Ubudage (VDI), Ubuyapani Standard (JIS), Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge (ISO), n’Ubushinwa (GB).
Twabibutsa ko muri ibi bipimo, igipimo cy’Ubuyapani kigaragaza hasi cyane. Uburyo bwo gupima bushingiye kumurongo umwe wamakuru atajegajega, hanyuma agaciro kamakosa kagabanijwe nigice kugirango ufate ± agaciro. Kubwibyo, umwanya uhagaze neza wapimwe ukoresheje uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima Ubuyapani burigihe butandukanye inshuro zirenze ebyiri ugereranije nibisubizo byapimwe ukoresheje ibindi bipimo. Ariko, andi mahame, nubwo atandukanye mugutunganya amakuru, yose akurikiza amategeko yimibare yamakosa kugirango asesengure ibipimo nukuri neza. Ibi bivuze ko kubintu runaka byerekana ikosa muburyo bugenzurwa nigikoresho cyimashini ya CNC, bigomba kwerekana ikibazo cyibihe byibihumbi byigihe cyo guhagarara mugihe kirekire cyo gukoresha ibikoresho byimashini. Nyamara, mubipimo nyabyo, kubera imbogamizi mubihe, hashobora gukorwa umubare muto wibipimo (mubisanzwe inshuro 5-7).
Umurongo umwe wasubiwemo umwanya uhagaze neza byerekana neza ukuri kwa buri kintu cyimuka kigizwe nigitereko, cyane cyane kugirango ugaragaze aho uhagaze uhagaze kumurongo uwo ariwo wose uhagaze muri stroke, bifite akamaro kanini. Nibipimo fatizo byo gupima niba umurongo ushobora gukora neza kandi wizewe. Muri sisitemu igezweho ya CNC, software isanzwe ifite ibikorwa byinshi byo kwishyura indishyi, zishobora kwishyura byimazeyo amakosa ya sisitemu ya buri murongo uhuza ibiryo.
Kurugero, gusiba, guhindagurika kwa elastike, hamwe no gukomera kwa buri murongo mumurongo wohereza bizagaragaza ingendo zitandukanye ako kanya bitewe nibintu nkubunini bwumutwaro wakazi, uburebure bwintera yimodoka, n'umuvuduko wikibanza uhagaze. Muri sisitemu zimwe zifunguye-zifunguye hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri zifunze-kugaburira ibiryo bya servo, ibice byo gutwara imashini nyuma yo gupima ibice bizaterwa nimpanuka zitandukanye, bikavamo amakosa akomeye. Kurugero, kurambura ubushyuhe bwumupira wumupira birashobora gutera gutembera mumwanya uhagaze wakazi.
Kugirango dusuzume byimazeyo imikorere yukuri yimashini ya CNC, hiyongereyeho ibipimo bimwe byerekana neza umurongo wavuzwe haruguru, ni ngombwa kandi gusuzuma ukuri kwimashini ihuza imirongo myinshi. Ubusobanuro bwo gusya hejuru ya silindrike cyangwa gusya ahantu hahanamye (insanganyamatsiko) ni ikimenyetso gishobora gusuzuma byimazeyo servo ikurikira ibintu biranga ishoka ya CNC (amashoka abiri cyangwa atatu) hamwe na interpolation ya sisitemu ya CNC mubikoresho byimashini. Uburyo busanzwe bwo guca imanza ni ugupima uburinganire bwuburinganire bwa silindrike.
Mugukata igeragezwa ryibikoresho byimashini za CNC, gusya kare kare ya oblique kare yuburyo bune bwo gutunganya impande zombi nuburyo bwiza bwo guca imanza, bushobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma ukuri kw'amashoka abiri ashobora kugenzurwa muguhuza interpolation. Muri iki gihe cyo gukata ibigeragezo, urusyo rwanyuma rukoreshwa mugutunganya neza rushyirwa kumurongo wibikoresho byimashini, hanyuma uruziga ruzengurutse rushyirwa kumurimo. Kubikoresho bito bito kandi biciriritse, imashini zizenguruka muri rusange zatoranijwe mu ntera ya 200 kugeza kuri 300. Nyuma yo gusya, shyira icyitegererezo ku kizamini kizenguruka hanyuma upime uburinganire bwubuso bwacyo.
Mu kwitegereza no gusesengura ibisubizo byo gutunganya, amakuru menshi yingenzi yerekeranye nukuri nimikorere yibikoresho byimashini birashobora kuboneka. Niba hari urusyo rugaragara rwo gusya rwerekana kunyeganyega hejuru ya silindrike yasya, irerekana umuvuduko wa interpolation idahindagurika yibikoresho byimashini; Niba hari ikosa rikomeye rya elliptique muruziga rwakozwe no gusya, byerekana ko inyungu za sisitemu ebyiri zishobora kugenzurwa na sisitemu yo guhuza interpolation idahuye; Ku buso buzengurutse, niba hari ibimenyetso bihagarara ku ngingo aho buri murongo ushobora kugenzurwa uhindura icyerekezo (ni ukuvuga, mugukomeza gukata, niba kugaburira kugaburira guhagarara kumwanya runaka, igikoresho kizakora igice gito cyibimenyetso byo guca ibyuma hejuru yimashini), byerekana ko icyerekezo cyimbere ninyuma cyibisobanuro bitigeze bihinduka neza.
Urubanza rwukuri rwibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC ni inzira igoye kandi igoye, ndetse bamwe basaba isuzuma ryukuri nyuma yo gukora imashini irangiye. Ni ukubera ko ubunyangamugayo bwibikoresho byimashini buterwa nuruvange rwibintu bitandukanye, harimo igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yimashini, imiterere yukuri yibigize, ubwiza bwiteranirizo, imikorere ya sisitemu yo kugenzura, hamwe nibidukikije mugihe cyo gutunganya.
Kubijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byimashini, imiterere yuburyo buboneye hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera gishobora kugabanya neza kunyeganyega no guhindagurika mugihe cyo gutunganya, bityo bikazamura neza neza imashini. Kurugero, ukoresheje ibikoresho-bikomeye byo kuryama, ibikoresho byateguwe neza hamwe na crossbeam yubatswe, nibindi, birashobora gufasha kuzamura umutekano muri rusange wigikoresho cyimashini.
Gukora neza kwibigize nabyo bigira uruhare runini muburyo bwibikoresho byimashini. Ubusobanuro bwibice byingenzi nkibipira byumupira, umurongo uyobora umurongo, hamwe na spindles bigena neza neza icyerekezo cyimikorere ya buri cyerekezo cyigikoresho cyimashini. Imipira yumupira wo murwego rwohejuru itanga umurongo ugaragara neza, mugihe umurongo-wohejuru uyobora umurongo utanga ubuyobozi bwiza.
Ubwiza bwinteko nabwo ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku bikoresho byimashini. Mubikorwa byo guteranya ibikoresho byimashini, birakenewe kugenzura byimazeyo ibipimo nko guhuza neza, kubangikanya, no guhagarikwa hagati yibice bitandukanye kugirango harebwe isano nyayo yimikorere hagati yimikorere yimashini yimashini mugihe ikora.
Imikorere ya sisitemu yo kugenzura ningirakamaro mugucunga neza ibikoresho byimashini. Sisitemu igezweho ya CNC irashobora kugera kubisobanuro byukuri neza kugenzura, kugenzura umuvuduko, hamwe nibikorwa bya interpolation, bityo bikazamura neza neza ibikoresho byimashini. Hagati aho, imikorere yindishyi zamakosa ya sisitemu ya CNC irashobora gutanga indishyi-nyayo kubwamakosa atandukanye yibikoresho byimashini, bikarushaho kunoza imikorere yimashini.
Ibidukikije mugihe cyibikorwa byo gutunganya birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kubikoresho byimashini. Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe nubushuhe birashobora gutera kwaguka kwinshi no kugabanuka kwibikoresho byimashini, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumashini. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gutunganya ibintu neza, mubisanzwe birakenewe kugenzura neza ibidukikije bikora no gukomeza ubushyuhe nubushuhe burigihe.
Muri make, ubunyangamugayo bwibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC ni igipimo cyuzuye kigira ingaruka ku mikoranire yibintu byinshi. Mugihe uhisemo ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, birakenewe ko dusuzuma ibintu nkubwoko bwibikoresho byimashini, urwego rwukuri, ibipimo bya tekiniki, kimwe nicyubahiro na serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha uwabikoze, hashingiwe kubisabwa kugirango ibice bishoboke. Muri icyo gihe, mugihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho byimashini, hagomba gukorwa igeragezwa ryukuri no kubungabunga neza kugirango hamenyekane vuba kandi bikemure ibibazo, byemeze ko igikoresho cyimashini gihora gikomeza neza kandi gitanga ingwate zizewe zo gukora ibice byujuje ubuziranenge.
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda, ibisabwa kugirango ukuri kwimashini za CNC nukuri biragenda byiyongera. Abakora ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC bahora bakora ubushakashatsi no guhanga udushya, bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rigezweho hamwe nibikorwa kugirango barusheho kunoza imikorere yimikorere yimashini. Muri icyo gihe, ibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye ninganda nibisobanuro birahora bitezwa imbere, bitanga ubumenyi bwubumenyi nubumwe kugirango hasuzumwe neza no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC.
Mu bihe biri imbere, ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC bizatera imbere bigana ku buryo bunoze, bukora neza, kandi bwikora, butanga inkunga ikomeye yo guhindura no kuzamura inganda zikora. Ku nganda zikora, gusobanukirwa byimbitse biranga ibikoresho byimashini za CNC, guhitamo neza no gukoresha ibikoresho byimashini za CNC, bizaba urufunguzo rwo kuzamura ireme ryibicuruzwa no kuzamura isoko ryisoko.