Uburyo bwo Kurandura Oscillation y Ibikoresho bya CNC Machine》
Ibikoresho byimashini za CNC bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byinganda bigezweho. Nyamara, ikibazo cyo kunyeganyega gikunze kwibasira abakora n'ababikora. Impamvu zo kunyeganyega ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC biragoye. Usibye ibintu byinshi nko gutandukanya icyuho kidashobora gukurwaho, guhindagurika kwa elastike, hamwe no guhangana no guterana amagambo muburyo bwa mehaniki, ingaruka zingirakamaro za sisitemu ya servo nazo ni ikintu cyingenzi. Noneho, uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya CNC ruzashyiraho uburyo burambuye uburyo bwo gukuraho ihungabana ryibikoresho byimashini za CNC.
I. Kugabanya imyanya yinyungu
Igereranya-ryuzuye-rikomokaho ni umugenzuzi wimikorere myinshi igira uruhare runini mubikoresho byimashini za CNC. Ntishobora gukora neza inyungu zingana kubimenyetso bya voltage na voltage ariko nanone irashobora guhindura ikibazo cyo gutinda cyangwa kuyobora ikibazo cyibisohoka. Amakosa ya Oscillation rimwe na rimwe abaho bitewe no gutinda cyangwa kuyobora ibyasohotse hamwe na voltage. Muri iki gihe, PID irashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura icyiciro cyibisohoka nubu na voltage.
Imyanya ihindagurika ni ikintu cyingenzi muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC. Iyo imyanya ihindagurika yunguka ni ndende cyane, sisitemu iba yunvikana cyane kumyanya yimyanya kandi ikunda gutera ihungabana. Kugabanya imyanya ihindagurika byunguka birashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wibisubizo bya sisitemu bityo bikagabanya amahirwe yo guhungabana.
Mugihe uhinduye imyanya yunguka, bigomba gushyirwaho muburyo bukurikije ibikoresho byimashini yihariye hamwe nibisabwa gutunganya. Muri rusange, imyanya yunguka irashobora kugabanuka kugeza kurwego rwo hasi mbere, hanyuma ikagenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro mugihe witegereje imikorere yigikoresho cyimashini kugeza igihe agaciro keza gashobora kuzuza ibisabwa neza kandi kakirinda guhungabana.
Igereranya-ryuzuye-rikomokaho ni umugenzuzi wimikorere myinshi igira uruhare runini mubikoresho byimashini za CNC. Ntishobora gukora neza inyungu zingana kubimenyetso bya voltage na voltage ariko nanone irashobora guhindura ikibazo cyo gutinda cyangwa kuyobora ikibazo cyibisohoka. Amakosa ya Oscillation rimwe na rimwe abaho bitewe no gutinda cyangwa kuyobora ibyasohotse hamwe na voltage. Muri iki gihe, PID irashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura icyiciro cyibisohoka nubu na voltage.
Imyanya ihindagurika ni ikintu cyingenzi muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC. Iyo imyanya ihindagurika yunguka ni ndende cyane, sisitemu iba yunvikana cyane kumyanya yimyanya kandi ikunda gutera ihungabana. Kugabanya imyanya ihindagurika byunguka birashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wibisubizo bya sisitemu bityo bikagabanya amahirwe yo guhungabana.
Mugihe uhinduye imyanya yunguka, bigomba gushyirwaho muburyo bukurikije ibikoresho byimashini yihariye hamwe nibisabwa gutunganya. Muri rusange, imyanya yunguka irashobora kugabanuka kugeza kurwego rwo hasi mbere, hanyuma ikagenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro mugihe witegereje imikorere yigikoresho cyimashini kugeza igihe agaciro keza gashobora kuzuza ibisabwa neza kandi kakirinda guhungabana.
II. Guhindura ibipimo bya sisitemu ifunze-loop ya servo
Sisitemu ya-gufunga-sisitemu ya servo
Sisitemu zimwe na zimwe za CNC zikoresha ibikoresho bifunze-bifunga ibikoresho. Mugihe uhindura igice cyafunze-kizengurutsa servo sisitemu, birakenewe ko tumenya neza ko sisitemu yo hafi-gufunga-sisitemu idahindagurika. Kubera ko sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-servo sisitemu ikora ibipimo byo guhinduranya hashingiwe ko sisitemu yo hafi-gufunga-sisitemu ihagaze neza, byombi birasa muburyo bwo guhindura.
Sisitemu ya-gufunga-loop servo sisitemu igarura mu buryo butaziguye amakuru yumwanya wigikoresho cyimashini mugushakisha inguni cyangwa umuvuduko wa moteri. Mugihe uhindura ibipimo, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitabwaho:
. Kwihuta cyane kwihuta bizaganisha kuri sisitemu yihuse kandi ikunda kubyara; mugihe kirekire cyane umwanya uhoraho uzagabanya umuvuduko wa sisitemu kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere.
. Kwiyongera cyane kumwanya uzunguruka bizatera ihungabana, kandi akayunguruzo gashobora gushungura urusaku rwinshi cyane mubimenyetso byo gutanga ibitekerezo no kunoza ituze rya sisitemu.
Sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-sisitemu ya servo
Sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-loop ya servo itahura neza imyanya igenzura muguhitamo neza aho igikoresho cyimashini kimeze. Mugihe uhinduye sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-ya servo sisitemu, ibipimo bigomba gutoranywa neza kugirango umenye neza niba sisitemu ihagaze neza.
Guhindura ibipimo bya sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-loop ya servo sisitemu ikubiyemo ibintu bikurikira:
. Nyamara, kubera ko sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-sisitemu itahura amakosa yibirindiro neza, inyungu zumwanya zishobora gushyirwaho hejuru kugirango tunonosore neza neza sisitemu.
. Muri rusange, umuvuduko wihuta urashobora gushyirwaho hejuru gato ugereranije na kimwe cya kabiri gifunze-kizunguruka kugirango tunoze igisubizo cya sisitemu.
. Ubwoko nibisobanuro byatoranijwe byayunguruzo bigomba guhinduka ukurikije porogaramu yihariye.
Sisitemu ya-gufunga-sisitemu ya servo
Sisitemu zimwe na zimwe za CNC zikoresha ibikoresho bifunze-bifunga ibikoresho. Mugihe uhindura igice cyafunze-kizengurutsa servo sisitemu, birakenewe ko tumenya neza ko sisitemu yo hafi-gufunga-sisitemu idahindagurika. Kubera ko sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-servo sisitemu ikora ibipimo byo guhinduranya hashingiwe ko sisitemu yo hafi-gufunga-sisitemu ihagaze neza, byombi birasa muburyo bwo guhindura.
Sisitemu ya-gufunga-loop servo sisitemu igarura mu buryo butaziguye amakuru yumwanya wigikoresho cyimashini mugushakisha inguni cyangwa umuvuduko wa moteri. Mugihe uhindura ibipimo, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitabwaho:
. Kwihuta cyane kwihuta bizaganisha kuri sisitemu yihuse kandi ikunda kubyara; mugihe kirekire cyane umwanya uhoraho uzagabanya umuvuduko wa sisitemu kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere.
. Kwiyongera cyane kumwanya uzunguruka bizatera ihungabana, kandi akayunguruzo gashobora gushungura urusaku rwinshi cyane mubimenyetso byo gutanga ibitekerezo no kunoza ituze rya sisitemu.
Sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-sisitemu ya servo
Sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-loop ya servo itahura neza imyanya igenzura muguhitamo neza aho igikoresho cyimashini kimeze. Mugihe uhinduye sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-ya servo sisitemu, ibipimo bigomba gutoranywa neza kugirango umenye neza niba sisitemu ihagaze neza.
Guhindura ibipimo bya sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-loop ya servo sisitemu ikubiyemo ibintu bikurikira:
. Nyamara, kubera ko sisitemu yuzuye-ifunze-sisitemu itahura amakosa yibirindiro neza, inyungu zumwanya zishobora gushyirwaho hejuru kugirango tunonosore neza neza sisitemu.
. Muri rusange, umuvuduko wihuta urashobora gushyirwaho hejuru gato ugereranije na kimwe cya kabiri gifunze-kizunguruka kugirango tunoze igisubizo cya sisitemu.
. Ubwoko nibisobanuro byatoranijwe byayunguruzo bigomba guhinduka ukurikije porogaramu yihariye.
III. Kwemeza ibikorwa byinshi byo guhagarika ibikorwa
Ikiganiro cyavuzwe haruguru kijyanye nuburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo guhindagurika. Rimwe na rimwe, sisitemu ya CNC yibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC bizatanga ibimenyetso byerekana ibitekerezo birimo guhuza imirongo myinshi-ihuza bitewe nimpamvu zimwe na zimwe zinyeganyeza mugice cya mashini, ibyo bigatuma itara risohoka ridahoraho bityo bikabyara kunyeganyega. Kuri ibi bihe byinshi byo guhindagurika, ibintu byambere-byateganijwe hasi-byungurura filtri ihuza bishobora kwongerwaho kumuvuduko wihuta, aribyo torque ya filteri.
Akayunguruzo ka torque gashobora gushungura neza guhuza imirongo myinshi ihuza ibimenyetso byerekana ibitekerezo, bigatuma ibisohoka bisohoka neza bityo bikagabanya kunyeganyega. Mugihe uhitamo ibipimo bya filteri ya torque, ibintu bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho:
. Inshuro nke cyane zo guhagarika bizagira ingaruka kubisubizo bya sisitemu, mugihe inshuro nyinshi zo guhagarika ntizishobora gushungura neza guhuza imirongo myinshi.
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. Mugihe uhitamo akayunguruzo, imikorere nububiko bwa sisitemu bigomba gusuzumwa byuzuye.
Ikiganiro cyavuzwe haruguru kijyanye nuburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo guhindagurika. Rimwe na rimwe, sisitemu ya CNC yibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC bizatanga ibimenyetso byerekana ibitekerezo birimo guhuza imirongo myinshi-ihuza bitewe nimpamvu zimwe na zimwe zinyeganyeza mugice cya mashini, ibyo bigatuma itara risohoka ridahoraho bityo bikabyara kunyeganyega. Kuri ibi bihe byinshi byo guhindagurika, ibintu byambere-byateganijwe hasi-byungurura filtri ihuza bishobora kwongerwaho kumuvuduko wihuta, aribyo torque ya filteri.
Akayunguruzo ka torque gashobora gushungura neza guhuza imirongo myinshi ihuza ibimenyetso byerekana ibitekerezo, bigatuma ibisohoka bisohoka neza bityo bikagabanya kunyeganyega. Mugihe uhitamo ibipimo bya filteri ya torque, ibintu bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho:
. Inshuro nke cyane zo guhagarika bizagira ingaruka kubisubizo bya sisitemu, mugihe inshuro nyinshi zo guhagarika ntizishobora gushungura neza guhuza imirongo myinshi.
.
. Mugihe uhitamo akayunguruzo, imikorere nububiko bwa sisitemu bigomba gusuzumwa byuzuye.
Byongeye kandi, kugirango turusheho gukuraho ihungabana ryibikoresho byimashini za CNC, ingamba zikurikira nazo zirashobora gufatwa:
Hindura imiterere yubukanishi
Reba ibice byubukanishi bwibikoresho byimashini, nka gari ya moshi ziyobora, imiyoboro iyobora, ibyuma, nibindi, kugirango umenye neza niba ibyo ushyiraho neza kandi byemewe neza byujuje ibisabwa. Kubice byambarwa cyane, simbuza cyangwa ubisane mugihe. Mugihe kimwe, shyira mu gaciro uhindure uburemere nuburinganire bwigikoresho cyimashini kugirango ugabanye ibisekuruza byinyeganyeza.
Kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwivanga muri sisitemu yo kugenzura
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC yibasirwa byoroshye no kwivanga hanze, nko guhuza amashanyarazi, guhindagurika kwingufu, nibindi. Kugirango tunoze ubushobozi bwo kurwanya-kwivanga kwa sisitemu yo kugenzura, ingamba zikurikira zirashobora gufatwa:
(1) Kwemeza insinga zikingiwe hamwe ningamba zifatika zo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa na electronique.
(2) Shyiramo amashanyarazi kugirango uhagarike amashanyarazi.
(3) Hindura porogaramu algorithm ya sisitemu yo kugenzura kugirango utezimbere imikorere yo kurwanya interineti.
Kubungabunga buri gihe no kubungabunga
Buri gihe kora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga no kubungabunga ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, sukura ibice bitandukanye byigikoresho cyimashini, urebe imiterere yimikorere ya sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta na sisitemu yo gukonjesha, hanyuma usimbuze ibice byashaje hamwe namavuta yo gusiga mugihe. Ibi birashobora kwemeza imikorere ihamye yigikoresho cyimashini no kugabanya kubaho kwinyeganyeza.
Hindura imiterere yubukanishi
Reba ibice byubukanishi bwibikoresho byimashini, nka gari ya moshi ziyobora, imiyoboro iyobora, ibyuma, nibindi, kugirango umenye neza niba ibyo ushyiraho neza kandi byemewe neza byujuje ibisabwa. Kubice byambarwa cyane, simbuza cyangwa ubisane mugihe. Mugihe kimwe, shyira mu gaciro uhindure uburemere nuburinganire bwigikoresho cyimashini kugirango ugabanye ibisekuruza byinyeganyeza.
Kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwivanga muri sisitemu yo kugenzura
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC yibasirwa byoroshye no kwivanga hanze, nko guhuza amashanyarazi, guhindagurika kwingufu, nibindi. Kugirango tunoze ubushobozi bwo kurwanya-kwivanga kwa sisitemu yo kugenzura, ingamba zikurikira zirashobora gufatwa:
(1) Kwemeza insinga zikingiwe hamwe ningamba zifatika zo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa na electronique.
(2) Shyiramo amashanyarazi kugirango uhagarike amashanyarazi.
(3) Hindura porogaramu algorithm ya sisitemu yo kugenzura kugirango utezimbere imikorere yo kurwanya interineti.
Kubungabunga buri gihe no kubungabunga
Buri gihe kora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga no kubungabunga ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, sukura ibice bitandukanye byigikoresho cyimashini, urebe imiterere yimikorere ya sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta na sisitemu yo gukonjesha, hanyuma usimbuze ibice byashaje hamwe namavuta yo gusiga mugihe. Ibi birashobora kwemeza imikorere ihamye yigikoresho cyimashini no kugabanya kubaho kwinyeganyeza.
Mu gusoza, gukuraho ihungabana ryibikoresho byimashini za CNC bisaba gutekereza cyane kubintu bya mashini n amashanyarazi. Muguhindura mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ibipimo bya sisitemu ya servo, gukoresha imikorere yo guhagarika inshuro nyinshi, guhindura imiterere ya mashini, kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya-kwivanga kwa sisitemu yo kugenzura, no gukora buri gihe no kuyitaho no kuyitaho, ibibaho byo guhungabana birashobora kugabanuka neza kandi uburyo bwo gukora neza hamwe n’imikorere y’ibikoresho byimashini birashobora kunozwa.