Intangiriro irambuye kubwoko bwimashini zisya
Nkigikoresho cyingenzi cyo gukata ibyuma, imashini isya igira uruhare rukomeye mubijyanye no gutunganya imashini. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwabyo, kandi buri bwoko bufite imiterere yihariye hamwe nurwego rwo gusaba kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa bitandukanye.
I. Bishyizwe mubikorwa
(1) Imashini isya intebe
Imashini isya intebe ni imashini ntoya yo gusya, ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mu gusya ibice bito, nk'ibikoresho na metero. Imiterere yacyo iroroshye, kandi ubunini bwayo ni buto, bworoshye gukora mumwanya muto ukoreramo. Bitewe nubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya, birakwiriye cyane cyane kubikorwa byoroshye byo gusya hamwe nibisabwa bike.
Kurugero, mugukora ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya elegitoroniki, imashini isya intebe irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibinono byoroheje cyangwa umwobo kuri shell.
(2) Imashini yo gusya ya Cantilever
Umutwe wo gusya imashini isya ya cantilever yashyizwe kuri kantileveri, kandi uburiri butunganijwe neza. Kantilever irashobora kugenda ihagaritse kumurongo wa gari ya moshi iyobora kuruhande rumwe rwigitanda, mugihe umutwe wo gusya ugenda unyura muri gari ya moshi. Iyi miterere ituma imashini isya ya cantilever ihinduka mugihe cyo gukora kandi irashobora guhuza nogutunganya ibihangano byuburyo butandukanye.
Muburyo bumwe bwo gutunganya, imashini isya ya cantilever irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya impande cyangwa ibice byimbitse byububiko.
(3) Imashini isya Ram
Uruziga rw'imashini isya y'intama yashyizwe ku mpfizi y'intama, kandi uburiri butunganijwe neza. Impfizi y'intama irashobora kugenda ikurikira inzira ya gari ya moshi, kandi indogobe irashobora kugenda ihagaritse inzira ya gari ya moshi. Iyi miterere ituma imashini isya y'intama igera kumurongo munini wimikorere bityo irashobora gutunganya ibinini binini.
Kurugero, mugutunganya ibice binini byubukanishi, imashini isya impfizi y'intama irashobora gusya neza ibice bitandukanye bigize ibice.
(4) Imashini isya Gantry
Uburiri bwimashini isya ya gantry itunganijwe neza, kandi inkingi kumpande zombi hamwe nibiti bihuza bikora gantry. Umutwe wo gusya washyizwe kumurongo hamwe ninkingi kandi birashobora kugenda kuri gari ya moshi. Mubisanzwe, umuhanda ushobora kugenda uhagaritse kumurongo wa gari ya moshi, kandi akazi karashobora kugenda igihe kirekire kuruhande rwa gari ya moshi. Imashini yo gusya ya gantry ifite umwanya munini wo gutunganya no gutwara ubushobozi kandi irakwiriye gutunganya ibihangano binini, nkibibumbano binini hamwe nigitanda cyibikoresho byimashini.
Mu kirere cyo mu kirere, imashini isya gantry ikoreshwa kenshi mugutunganya ibintu bimwe na bimwe binini byubaka.
(5) Imashini yo gusya hejuru (CNC Imashini isya)
Imashini yo gusya hejuru ikoreshwa mugusya indege no gukora ubuso, kandi uburiri butunganijwe neza. Mubisanzwe, urupapuro rwakazi rugenda rurerure kuruhande rwa gari ya moshi, kandi spindle irashobora kugenda. Imashini yo gusya hejuru ifite imiterere yoroheje kandi ikora neza. Mugihe imashini isya ya CNC igera kubintu byinshi kandi bitunganijwe binyuze muri sisitemu ya CNC.
Mu nganda zikora amamodoka, imashini isya hejuru ikoreshwa mugutunganya indege za moteri.
(6) Kwerekana imashini isya
Imashini isya imashini ni imashini yo gusya ikora gutunganya umwirondoro ku bikorwa. Igenzura urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho byo gukata binyuze mu gikoresho cyerekana imiterere ishingiye ku miterere y'icyitegererezo cyangwa icyitegererezo, bityo igatunganya ibihangano bisa n'icyitegererezo cyangwa icyitegererezo. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugutunganya ibihangano bifite imiterere igoye, nkibyobo byububiko.
Mu nganda zikora ubukorikori, imashini isya irashobora gutunganya ibihangano byiza cyane bishingiye ku cyitegererezo cyateguwe neza.
(7) Imashini yo gupfukama
Imashini yo gusya yo mu ivi ifite ameza yo guterura ashobora kugenda ahagaritse inzira ya gari ya moshi. Mubisanzwe, akazi gakorwa hamwe nintebe yashyizwe kumeza yo guterura birashobora kugenda birebire kandi bikurikiranye. Imashini yo gusya yo mu ivi iroroshye gukora kandi ifite intera yagutse, kandi ni bumwe muburyo busanzwe bwo gusya.
Muri rusange amahugurwa yo gutunganya imashini, imashini yo gusya yo mu ivi ikoreshwa mugutunganya ibice bitandukanye bito n'ibiciriritse.
(8) Imashini isya imirasire
Ukuboko kwa radiyo gushirwa hejuru yigitanda, kandi umutwe wo gusya ushyirwa kumpera imwe yukuboko kwa radiyo. Ukuboko kwa radiyo gushobora kuzunguruka no kugenda mu ndege itambitse, kandi umutwe wo gusya urashobora kuzunguruka ku nguni runaka hejuru y’impera y’ukuboko kwa radiyo. Iyi miterere ituma imashini isya ya radiyo ikora gutunganya urusyo kumpande zitandukanye no mumwanya kandi bigahuza nibisabwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya.
Kurugero, mugutunganya ibice bifite inguni zidasanzwe, imashini isya ya radial irashobora gukoresha ibyiza byayo bidasanzwe.
(9) Imashini yo gusya-Ubwoko
Imashini ikora imashini yo gusya yo mu buriri ntishobora guterurwa kandi irashobora kugenda gusa igihe kirekire kuruhande rwa gari ya moshi iyobora uburiri, mugihe umutwe wo gusya cyangwa inkingi bishobora kugenda bihagaritse. Iyi miterere ituma imashini yo gusya yo mu buriri igira ituze ryiza kandi ikwiriye gutunganywa neza.
Mu gutunganya neza imashini, imashini yo gusya yo mu buriri ikoreshwa kenshi mugutunganya ibice bihanitse.
(10) Imashini zidasanzwe zo gusya
- Imashini yo gusya ibikoresho: Byakoreshejwe muburyo bwo gusya ibikoresho, hamwe no gutunganya neza hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibintu.
- Imashini yo gusya ya Keyway: Ahanini ikoreshwa mugutunganya inzira zingenzi kubice bya shaft.
- Imashini yo gusya kamashini: ikoreshwa mugutunganya ibice bifite ishusho ya kamera.
- Imashini yo gusya ya Crankshaft: Byakoreshejwe byumwihariko mugutunganya moteri ya crankshafts.
- Imashini yo gusya Roller: Ikoreshwa mugutunganya ibice byikinyamakuru.
- Imashini isya kare Ingot: Imashini yo gusya kugirango itunganyirizwe neza ingero kare.
Izi mashini zidasanzwe zo gusya zose zarakozwe kandi zakozwe kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa byo gutunganya ibihangano byihariye kandi bifite ubuhanga buhanitse kandi bufite akamaro.
II. Bishyizwe kumurongo nuburyo bwo gusaba
(1) Imashini yo gupfukama
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimashini yo gusya ivi, harimo isi yose, itambitse, na vertical (imashini zisya CNC). Imashini yimashini isanzwe yo mu bwoko bwamavi irashobora kuzunguruka ku nguni runaka mu ndege itambitse, ikagura intera itunganyirizwa. Uruziga rw'imashini yo gusya yo mu bwoko bwa horizontal itunganijwe neza kandi ikwiranye no gutunganya indege, ibiti, n'ibindi.
Kurugero, muruganda ruto rutunganya imashini, imashini yo gusya ivi ni kimwe mubikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibice bitandukanye bya disiki na disiki.
(2) Imashini isya Gantry
Imashini yo gusya ya gantry ikubiyemo imashini zisya za gantry nizirambirana, imashini zisya na mashini zitegura, hamwe n’imashini zisya inkingi ebyiri. Imashini yo gusya ya gantry ifite ubushobozi bunini bwo gukora kandi bukomeye bwo gukata kandi irashobora gutunganya ibice binini, nkibisanduku binini nigitanda.
Mu nganda nini zikora imashini, imashini isya gantry nibikoresho byingenzi byo gutunganya ibice binini.
(3) Imashini imwe yo gusya inkingi imwe hamwe nimashini imwe yo gusya
Umutwe utambitse umutwe wa mashini imwe yo gusya irashobora kugenda kumurongo wa gari ya moshi, kandi akazi gakoreshwa kugaburira igihe kirekire. Umutwe uhagaritse umutwe wimashini imwe yo gusya irashobora kugenda itambitse kuri gari ya moshi iyobora, kandi kantilever irashobora kandi guhindura uburebure kuruhande rwa gari ya moshi. Imashini imwe yo gusya imwe hamwe nimashini imwe yo gusya ikwiranye no gutunganya ibice binini.
Mugutunganya ibyuma binini binini, imashini imwe yo gusya hamwe nimashini imwe yo gusya irashobora kugira uruhare runini.
(4) Imashini yo gusya ibikoresho
Imashini yo gusya ibikoresho ni imashini ntoya yo mu bwoko bwa mavi yo gusya, ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibikoresho nibindi bice bito. Ifite ibisobanuro bihanitse kandi irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gutunganya ibice byibikoresho.
Mu nganda zikora ibikoresho na metero, imashini isya ibikoresho ni ibikoresho byingirakamaro.
(5) Imashini yo gusya ibikoresho
Imashini yo gusya ibikoresho ifite ibikoresho bitandukanye nkumutwe wo gusya uhagaritse, impande zose zakazi, hamwe namacomeka, kandi irashobora no gutunganya ibintu bitandukanye nko gucukura, kurambirana, no gutobora. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora ibishushanyo nibikoresho.
Mu nganda zikora ibicuruzwa, imashini isya ibikoresho ikoreshwa mugutunganya ibice bitandukanye bigoye.
III. Bishyizwe hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura
(1) Kwerekana imashini isya
Imashini isya imashini igenzura urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho byo gutema binyuze mu gikoresho cyo gushushanya kugirango ugere ku gutunganya ibihangano. Igikoresho cyerekana imyirondoro irashobora guhindura amakuru yamakuru yicyitegererezo cyangwa icyitegererezo mumabwiriza yimikorere yigikoresho cyo gukata ukurikije imiterere yacyo.
Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibice bimwe bigoye bigoramye, imashini isya irashobora kwigana neza imiterere yibice bishingiye kubishushanyo mbonera.
(2) Imashini igenzurwa na mashini yo gusya
Imashini igenzurwa na mashini igenzura imikorere nogutunganya ibikoresho byimashini binyuze muri progaramu yabanjirije iyandika. Porogaramu yo gutunganya irashobora kubyara inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki cyangwa ukoresheje porogaramu ifasha mudasobwa.
Mu musaruro wibyiciro, imashini igenzurwa na progaramu yo gusya irashobora gutunganya ibice byinshi ukurikije gahunda imwe, ikemeza ko gutunganya no guhuza neza.
(3) Imashini isya CNC
Imashini yo gusya ya CNC yatejwe imbere ishingiye kumashini isanzwe. Ifata sisitemu ya CNC kugirango igenzure urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho by'imashini. Sisitemu ya CNC irashobora kugenzura neza icyerekezo cya axis, umuvuduko wa spindle, umuvuduko wo kugaburira, nibindi byigikoresho cyimashini ukurikije gahunda yinjiza hamwe nibipimo, bityo bikagerwaho neza-gutunganya neza ibice bigoye.
Imashini yo gusya ya CNC ifite ibyiza byo murwego rwohejuru rwogukora, gutunganya neza, no gukora neza kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubice nkikirere, ibinyabiziga, hamwe nububiko.