Iterambere ryihuse rya tekinoroji ya sisitemu ya CNC ryatanze ibisabwa kugirango iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho bya mashini bya CNC. Mu rwego rwo guhaza ibikenewe ku isoko no kuzuza ibisabwa by’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga rya CNC, iterambere rigezweho ry’ikoranabuhanga rya CNC ku isi n'ibikoresho byaryo bigaragarira cyane cyane mu miterere ya tekiniki ikurikira:
1. Umuvuduko mwinshi
Iterambere ryaIbikoresho bya mashini ya CNCwerekeza ku muvuduko wihuse ntushobora gusa kunoza imikorere yimashini no kugabanya ibiciro byo gutunganya, ariko kandi uzamura ubwiza bwimashini yo hejuru hamwe nukuri kwibice. Ultra yihuta yo gutunganya tekinoroji ifite uburyo bwagutse bwo kugera ku musaruro uhendutse mu nganda zikora.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, ibihugu byo mu Burayi, Amerika, n'Ubuyapani byahatanira guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa igisekuru gishya cy’ibikoresho by’imashini byihuta bya CNC, byihutisha umuvuduko w’iterambere ryihuse ry’ibikoresho by’imashini. Iterambere rishya ryakozwe mubice byihuta byihuta (amashanyarazi, umuvuduko 15000-100000 r / min), umuvuduko mwinshi kandi wihuta / kwihuta kugaburira ibiryo byihuta (umuvuduko wihuta 60-120m / min, kugabanya umuvuduko wibiryo bigera kuri 60m / min), sisitemu ya CNC ikora cyane, hamwe na sisitemu yibikoresho bya CNC. Hamwe nogukemura tekinoloji yingenzi murwego rwubuhanga nka ultra yihuta yo kugabanya umuvuduko, ibikoresho bya ultra bigoye kwihanganira ibikoresho birebire byigihe kirekire hamwe nibikoresho byo gusya byangiza, amashanyarazi yihuta cyane yihuta, umuvuduko mwinshi / umuvuduko ukabije wibinyabiziga bigaburira ibiryo, sisitemu yo kugenzura imikorere (harimo na sisitemu yo kugenzura) hamwe nibikoresho bikingira, hashyizweho urufatiro rwa tekiniki rwibikoresho bishya byihuta bya CNC.
Kugeza ubu, muri ultra yihuta yo gutunganya, umuvuduko wo guca no gusya wageze hejuru ya 5000-8000m / min; Umuvuduko wa spindle uri hejuru ya 30000 rpm (bamwe barashobora kugera kuri 100000 r / min); Umuvuduko wo kugenda (igipimo cyo kugaburira) cyakazi: hejuru ya 100m / min (bimwe bigera kuri 200m / min) ku cyemezo cya micrometero 1, no hejuru ya 24m / min ku cyemezo cya 0.1; Igikoresho cyikora gihindura umuvuduko mumasegonda 1; Igipimo cyo kugaburira kumurongo muto interpolation igera kuri 12m / min.
2. Ibisobanuro birambuye
Iterambere ryaIbikoresho bya mashini ya CNCkuva gutunganya neza kugeza ultra precision mashini nicyerekezo imbaraga zinganda kwisi ziyemeje. Ukuri kwayo kuva kurwego rwa micrometero kugeza kurwego rwa subicron, ndetse no kurwego rwa nanometero (<10nm), kandi urwego rwarwo rugenda rwiyongera.
Kugeza ubu, bisabwa gutunganya neza-neza, gutunganya neza ibikoresho bisanzwe bya mashini ya CNC byiyongereye kuva kuri ± 10 μ Kongera m kugeza kuri ± 5 μ M; Gutunganya neza neza ibigo bitunganya neza biri hagati ya ± 3 na 5 μ m. Ongera kuri ± 1-1.5 μ m. Ndetse no hejuru; Ultra precision muringa yukuri yinjiye murwego rwa nanometero (0.001 micrometero), kandi kuzenguruka kuzunguruka birasabwa kugera kuri micrometero 0.01 ~ 0.05, hamwe nuburinganire bwa micrometero 0.1 hamwe nubuso bwububiko bwa micrometero Ra = 0.003. Ibikoresho byimashini mubisanzwe bikoresha vector igenzurwa nimpinduka zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi (ihujwe na moteri na spindle), hamwe na radiyo yiruka ya spindle iri munsi ya 2 µ m, kwimura axial munsi ya 1 µ m, hamwe nuburinganire bwa shaft bugera kurwego rwa G0.4.
Igikoresho cyo kugaburira ibikoresho byihuta byimashini zikoresha imashini zirimo cyane cyane ubwoko bubiri: "rotor servo moteri ifite moteri yihuta yihuta" na "moteri itwara umurongo". Mubyongeyeho, ibikoresho bya mashini bibangikanye nabyo biroroshye kugera kubiryo byihuse.
Bitewe na tekinoroji ikuze kandi ikoreshwa mugari, imipira yumupira ntabwo igera gusa kumurongo wo hejuru (ISO3408 urwego 1), ariko kandi ifite igiciro gito cyo kugera kumashini yihuta. Kubwibyo, baracyakoreshwa nimashini nyinshi zihuta cyane kugeza nubu. Igikoresho cyimashini yihuta cyane yimashini itwarwa numupira wamaguru gifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 90m / min hamwe nihuta rya 1.5g.
Imipira yumupira ni iyikwirakwizwa ryimashini, byanze bikunze bikubiyemo guhindagurika kwa elastique, guterana amagambo, no guhanagura mugihe cyogukwirakwiza, bikavamo hystereze yimikorere nandi makosa adafite umurongo. Mu rwego rwo gukuraho ingaruka z’aya makosa ku gutunganya neza imashini, moteri itwara umurongo wa moteri yakoreshejwe ku bikoresho by’imashini mu 1993. Kubera ko ari "itumanaho rya zeru" ridafite aho rihurira, ntabwo rifite inertie ntoya gusa, gukomera kwa sisitemu yo hejuru, no gusubiza byihuse, Irashobora kugera ku muvuduko mwinshi no kwihuta, kandi uburebure bwayo bw’imitsi ntibubuza amahame. Imyanya ihagaze neza irashobora kandi kugera kurwego rwo hejuru munsi yibikorwa bya sisitemu yo gutanga ibitekerezo bihanitse neza, bigatuma iba uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga byihuta kandi byihuse, cyane cyane ibikoresho byimashini nini nini nini. Kugeza ubu, umuvuduko ntarengwa wihuta wimashini yihuta kandi yihuse cyane ukoresheje moteri yumurongo ugeze kuri 208 m / min, hamwe nihuta rya 2g, kandi haracyariho iterambere ryiterambere.
3. Kwizerwa cyane
Hamwe niterambere ryimikorere yaIbikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, kwizerwa gukomeye kwibikoresho byimashini za CNC byahindutse intego ikurikiranwa nabakora sisitemu ya CNC nabakora ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC. Ku ruganda rudafite abadereva rukora amasaha abiri kumunsi, niba bisabwa gukora ubudahwema kandi mubisanzwe mugihe cyamasaha 16 hamwe nubusa bwatsinzwe bwa P (t) = 99% cyangwa birenga, igihe cyo hagati yo kunanirwa (MTBF) cyigikoresho cyimashini ya CNC kigomba kuba kirenze amasaha 3000. Ku gikoresho kimwe gusa cyimashini ya CNC, igipimo cyo gutsindwa hagati yabakiriye na sisitemu ya CNC ni 10: 1 (kwizerwa kwa CNC ni gahunda imwe yubunini burenze ubw'uwakiriye). Kuri ubu, MTBF ya sisitemu ya CNC igomba kuba irenze amasaha 33333.3, naho MTBF yigikoresho cya CNC, spindle, na drive igomba kuba irenga amasaha 100000.
Agaciro MTBF yibikoresho bya CNC byo mumahanga bigeze mumasaha arenga 6000, naho igikoresho cyo gutwara kigeze mumasaha arenga 30000. Ariko, birashobora kugaragara ko hakiri icyuho cyintego nziza.
4. Guteranya
Muburyo bwo gutunganya ibice, umwanya munini utagira umumaro ukoreshwa mugukora ibihangano, gupakira no gupakurura, kwishyiriraho no guhindura, guhindura ibikoresho, no kwihuta byihuta. Kugirango ugabanye ibi bihe bidafite akamaro bishoboka, abantu bizeye guhuza ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya igikoresho kimwe cyimashini. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byimashini yibikoresho byahindutse icyitegererezo cyihuta mumyaka yashize.
Igitekerezo cyibikoresho byimashini ikora imashini murwego rwo gukora inganda zoroshye bivuga ubushobozi bwigikoresho cyimashini guhita gikora uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya uburyo bumwe cyangwa butandukanye bwuburyo bukoreshwa ukurikije gahunda ya CNC yo gutunganya imashini nyuma yo gufatisha igihangano icyarimwe, kugirango urangize inzira zitandukanye zogukora nko guhinduranya, gusya, gucukura, kurambirana, gusya, gukanda, kongera kwagura igice. Kubijyanye nibice bya prismatic, centre de mashini nibikoresho bisanzwe byimashini zikora ibintu byinshi bitunganijwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe. Byaragaragaye ko imashini yimashini ikora imashini ishobora guteza imbere imashini neza kandi ikora neza, ikabika umwanya, cyane cyane igabanya uruziga rwibice.
5. Polyaxialisation
Hamwe no kumenyekanisha 5-axis ihuza sisitemu ya CNC hamwe na porogaramu yo gutangiza porogaramu, 5-axis ihuza imiyoboro igenzurwa n’imashini zisya hamwe n’imashini zisya za CNC (ibigo bikoresha imashini ihagaze) byahindutse aho bigeze. Bitewe n'ubworoherane bwo guhuza 5-axis kugenzura muri gahunda ya CNC yo gutunganya imipira yo gusya imipira iyo itunganije ubuso bwubusa, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukomeza umuvuduko ukwiye wo gukata imipira yo gusya imipira mugihe cyo gusya hejuru ya 3D, Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubukana bwubuso bwimashini bwateye imbere cyane kandi imikorere yimashini iratera imbere cyane. Nyamara, muri 3-axis ihuza ibikoresho byimashini igenzurwa, ntibishoboka kwirinda iherezo ryumupira wanyuma wo gusya hamwe numuvuduko wo gukata hafi ya zeru kwitabira gukata. Kubwibyo, 5-axis ihuza imashini yimashini yahindutse intumbero yiterambere ryiterambere no guhatana mubakora ibikoresho bikomeye byimashini bitewe nibikorwa byabo bidasubirwaho.
Vuba aha, ibihugu byamahanga biracyakora ubushakashatsi kuri 6-axis ihuza kugenzura hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gukata bitazunguruka mu bigo bikora. Nubwo imiterere yabyo itagabanijwe kandi ubujyakuzimu bwo gutema burashobora kuba buto cyane, imikorere yimashini ni mike cyane kandi biragoye kuba mubikorwa.
6. Ubwenge
Ubwenge nicyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga mu kinyejana cya 21. Gukora ubwenge ni ubwoko bwimashini zishingiye kugenzura imiyoboro ya nete, kugenzura fuzzy, tekinoroji ya sisitemu, hamwe nibitekerezo. Igamije kwigana ibikorwa byubwenge byimpuguke zabantu mugihe cyo gutunganya, kugirango bikemure ibibazo byinshi bitazwi bisaba ubufasha bwintoki. Ibiri mu bwenge birimo ibintu bitandukanye muri sisitemu ya CNC:
Gukurikirana ubwenge bwo gutunganya neza nubuziranenge, nko kugenzura imiterere yo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere;
Kunoza imikorere yo gutwara no koroshya guhuza ubwenge, nko kugenzura ibiryo, kubara guhuza ibipimo bya moteri, kumenyekanisha mu buryo bwikora imizigo, guhitamo byikora byerekana imiterere, kwikenura, n'ibindi;
Porogaramu yoroshye hamwe nibikorwa byubwenge, nkibikorwa byubwenge byikora byikora, ubwenge bwimashini-imashini, nibindi;
Gusuzuma ubwenge no gukurikirana byorohereza gusuzuma no kubungabunga sisitemu.
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwubwenge bwo gukata no gutunganya ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa mubushakashatsi ku isi, muribwo Ubuyapani Intelligent CNC Device Research Association bwibushakashatsi bwibikoresho byubwenge bwo gucukura burahagarariwe.
7. Guhuza
Igenzura rihuza ibikoresho byimashini bivuga cyane cyane guhuza imiyoboro no kugenzura imiyoboro hagati yimashini yimashini nizindi sisitemu zo kugenzura hanze cyangwa mudasobwa zo hejuru binyuze muri sisitemu ya CNC ifite ibikoresho. Ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC mubisanzwe ubanza guhura nurubuga rwumusaruro hamwe na LAN yimbere yikigo, hanyuma ugahuza hanze yumushinga ukoresheje interineti, aribyo bita enterineti / Intranet.
Hamwe no gukura no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryurusobe, inganda ziherutse gutanga igitekerezo cyo gukora digitale. Gukora ibikoresho bya digitale, bizwi kandi nka "e-inganda", ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bigezweho bigezweho mu nganda zikora imashini n’uburyo busanzwe bwo gutanga ibikoresho mpuzamahanga by’imashini zateye imbere muri iki gihe. Hamwe nogukwirakwiza kwikoranabuhanga ryamakuru, abakoresha benshi murugo bakeneye serivisi zitumanaho rya kure nibindi bikorwa mugihe batumiza ibikoresho byimashini za CNC. Hashingiwe ku kwemerwa kwa CAD / CAM, inganda zikora imashini zikoresha ibikoresho bya CNC. Porogaramu ya CNC igenda irushaho kuba umukire kandi ikoresha inshuti. Igishushanyo mbonera, gukora inganda nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga bigenda bikurikiranwa nabakozi bashinzwe ubuhanga nubuhanga. Gusimbuza ibyuma bigoye hamwe nubwenge bwa software birahinduka inzira yingenzi mugutezimbere ibikoresho byimashini zigezweho. Mu ntego yo gukora ibikoresho bya digitale, porogaramu zitari nke zo gucunga imishinga nka ERP zagaragaye binyuze mu kuvugurura imikorere no guhindura ikoranabuhanga mu makuru, bigatanga inyungu nyinshi mu bukungu ku bigo.
8. Guhinduka
Icyerekezo cyibikoresho byimashini za CNC biganisha kuri sisitemu yo gukoresha imashini yoroheje ni ugutezimbere kuva aho (imashini imwe ya CNC, imashini ikora, hamwe na mashini ikora imashini ya CNC), umurongo (FMC, FMS, FTL, FML) kugeza hejuru (ikirwa cyigenga cyigenga, FA), numubiri (CIMS, gukwirakwiza imiyoboro ihuriweho ninganda), naho kurundi ruhande, kwibanda kubikorwa no mubukungu. Ihinduka ryoroshye rya tekinoroji nuburyo nyamukuru bwinganda zikora inganda zihuza nibisabwa nisoko kandi bigezweho vuba. Ninzira nyamukuru yiterambere ryinganda mubihugu bitandukanye hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryibanze mubikorwa byiterambere. Icyibandwaho ni ukuzamura ubwizerwe nibikorwa bya sisitemu, hagamijwe guhuza byoroshye no kwishyira hamwe; Shimangira iterambere no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryibice; Imashini imwe ya CNC iratera imbere yerekeza neza, umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi byoroshye; Ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC hamwe na sisitemu yo gukora byoroshye birashobora guhuzwa byoroshye na CAD, CAM, CAPP, MTS, kandi bigatera imbere muburyo bwo guhuza amakuru; Iterambere rya sisitemu y'urusobe rugana kumugaragaro, kwishyira hamwe, n'ubwenge.
9. Icyatsi kibisi
Ibikoresho byo gukata ibyuma byo mu kinyejana cya 21 bigomba gushyira imbere kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga ingufu, ni ukuvuga kugera ku cyatsi kibisi. Kugeza ubu, ubu buryo bwo gutunganya icyatsi kibanda cyane cyane ku kudakoresha amazi yo gutema, cyane cyane ko guca amazi bitangiza ibidukikije gusa kandi bikangiza ubuzima bw’abakozi, ariko kandi byongera umutungo n’ingufu zikoreshwa. Gukata byumye muri rusange bikorwa mu kirere cy’ikirere, ariko bikubiyemo no guca mu kirere cyihariye cya gaze (azote, umwuka ukonje, cyangwa gukoresha tekinoroji yumye ya electrostatike yumye) udakoresheje amazi yo gukata. Nyamara, kuburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gutunganya no guhuza ibikorwa, gukama byumye udakoresheje gukata amazi biragoye kubishyira mubikorwa, bityo gukata kwasi yumye hamwe no gusiga amavuta make (MQL) byagaragaye. Kugeza ubu, 10-15% yo gutunganya imashini nini mu Burayi ikoresha gukata byumye na quasi byumye. Kubikoresho byimashini nkibigo byogukora bigenewe uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya / guhuza ibihangano, gukata kwasi bikoreshwa cyane cyane, mubisanzwe utera imvange yamavuta make cyane yo gukata amavuta hamwe numwuka uhumeka mukarere kaciwe unyuze mumurongo wimbere imbere yimashini nigikoresho. Mu bwoko butandukanye bwimashini zikata ibyuma, imashini ya hobbing niyo ikoreshwa cyane mugukata byumye.
Muri make, iterambere niterambere ryibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC byatanze uburyo bwiza bwo guteza imbere inganda zikora inganda zigezweho, biteza imbere iterambere ryinganda zigana ku cyerekezo cyabantu. Turashobora kubona ko hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya mashini ya CNC hamwe nogukoresha cyane ibikoresho byimashini za CNC, inganda zikora inganda zizatangiza impinduramatwara ikomeye ishobora guhungabanya imiterere gakondo yo gukora.