“Gukora no gufata neza imashini ikora imashini”
Mu nganda zigezweho, ibigo bitunganya imashini bigira uruhare runini nkibikoresho nyamukuru bigera ku gutunganya neza. Kandi kimwe mu bice byingenzi bigize imashini ikora - spindle, imikorere yayo igira ingaruka itaziguye yo gutunganya no gukora neza. None, ni gute spindle yikigo gikora imashini zikora ibicuruzwa bikorwa? Nigute nigikoresho cyimashini gihenze gishobora gusanwa no gukoreshwa? Reka dukurikire uruganda rukora imashini kugirango twumve byimbitse.
I. Gusenya imiterere yimashini ya spindle imiterere
Ibikoresho bya mashini ya spindle igizwe ahanini na spindles, ibyuma, hamwe nibice byohereza. Uruhare rwarwo ni ingenzi cyane. Ku ruhande rumwe, ikoreshwa mu gushyigikira ibice byoherejwe nka gare na pulleys no kohereza icyerekezo na torque; kurundi ruhande, zimwe nazo zikoreshwa mugukata ibihangano, nka mandel. Imiterere yimbere yimbere irasobanutse neza kandi iragoye, kandi buri kintu cyose gifatanya hagati yacyo kugirango spindle ibashe gukomeza neza kandi yizewe mugihe kizunguruka kumuvuduko mwinshi.
Ibikoresho bya mashini ya spindle igizwe ahanini na spindles, ibyuma, hamwe nibice byohereza. Uruhare rwarwo ni ingenzi cyane. Ku ruhande rumwe, ikoreshwa mu gushyigikira ibice byoherejwe nka gare na pulleys no kohereza icyerekezo na torque; kurundi ruhande, zimwe nazo zikoreshwa mugukata ibihangano, nka mandel. Imiterere yimbere yimbere irasobanutse neza kandi iragoye, kandi buri kintu cyose gifatanya hagati yacyo kugirango spindle ibashe gukomeza neza kandi yizewe mugihe kizunguruka kumuvuduko mwinshi.
II. Gutunganya uburyo bwo gutunganya ikigo kizunguruka
Turabizi ko ishingiro ryo gutunganya ibicuruzwa ari ibikoresho byimashini, kandi uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho byimashini bizunguruka kurushaho. Dufashe gutunganya imitunganyirize ya HAAS nkurugero, igice cya spindle cyuzuye gifite ibiro 170 (hafi 77KG) cyinjira mubikorwa byo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yiminota 29 gusa yo gutunganya. Muri iyi minota 29 ngufi, inzira ebyiri zararangiye, kandi 70% byibikoresho byavanyweho.
Muri ubu buryo bunoze bwo gutunganya, imisarani ibiri ya st40 CNC hamwe na robot itandatu-axis ikoreshwa mubufatanye. Imashini irashobora gutwara umutwaro wibiro 280 kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo neza. Muguhindura gahunda, imikorere iruhije irashobora kugerwaho, nimwe mumpamvu zituma robot zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora. Kureka amarobo akagira uruhare mubikorwa byo gukora ntibishobora kunoza imikorere gusa ahubwo binagabanya imirimo yo gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi kubakoresha, bigatuma umuntu umwe agira uruhare mubikorwa byinshi, bitezimbere cyane nubworoherane nibikorwa.
Turabizi ko ishingiro ryo gutunganya ibicuruzwa ari ibikoresho byimashini, kandi uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho byimashini bizunguruka kurushaho. Dufashe gutunganya imitunganyirize ya HAAS nkurugero, igice cya spindle cyuzuye gifite ibiro 170 (hafi 77KG) cyinjira mubikorwa byo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yiminota 29 gusa yo gutunganya. Muri iyi minota 29 ngufi, inzira ebyiri zararangiye, kandi 70% byibikoresho byavanyweho.
Muri ubu buryo bunoze bwo gutunganya, imisarani ibiri ya st40 CNC hamwe na robot itandatu-axis ikoreshwa mubufatanye. Imashini irashobora gutwara umutwaro wibiro 280 kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo neza. Muguhindura gahunda, imikorere iruhije irashobora kugerwaho, nimwe mumpamvu zituma robot zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora. Kureka amarobo akagira uruhare mubikorwa byo gukora ntibishobora kunoza imikorere gusa ahubwo binagabanya imirimo yo gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi kubakoresha, bigatuma umuntu umwe agira uruhare mubikorwa byinshi, bitezimbere cyane nubworoherane nibikorwa.
III. Ubumenyi buzwi: Kubungabunga imashini ikora spindle
Kugirango umenye imikorere nubuzima bwa serivise yimashini izunguruka, kubungabunga neza ni ngombwa cyane. Muri byo, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwakazi bwo gutwara ni ihuriro ryingenzi mukubungabunga, kandi uburyo bukoreshwa ni amavuta yo gusiga. Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gusiga: uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta-ikirere hamwe no gusiga amavuta.
Gusiga amavuta
Iyo ukoresheje amavuta yo kuzenguruka, birakenewe ko umubare wamavuta muri spindle uhoraho yubushyuhe bwamavuta arahagije. Amavuta yo gukwirakwiza amavuta arashobora kugabanya guterana no kubyara ubushyuhe mugihe byujuje ibisabwa, kandi birashobora gukuramo igice cyubushyuhe bwibice bya spindle. Binyuze mu mavuta ahora azenguruka, ubushyuhe burajyanwa kugirango spindle ikore mubipimo bikwiye.
Ubu buryo bwo gusiga busaba kugenzura buri gihe ubwinshi bwamavuta mu kigega cya peteroli kugirango umenye amavuta ahagije. Muri icyo gihe, witondere isuku yamavuta kugirango wirinde umwanda winjira muri sisitemu yo gusiga kandi bigira ingaruka kumavuta. Guhora uhindura amavuta nabyo birakenewe kugirango imikorere ya peteroli ihamye.
Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta
Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta-mwuka ni ikinyuranyo cyo gusiga amavuta. Irakeneye gusa kuzuza 10% yubushobozi bwumwanya. Amavuta yo mu kirere ni ukuvanga amavuta make ya gaze na gaze kumuvuduko runaka kugirango ube uruvange rumeze nkamavuta hanyuma ukayitera igice cyamavuta yo gusiga.
Ubu buryo bwo gusiga bufite ibyiza byo gukoresha amavuta make, ingaruka nziza zo gusiga, kandi nta kwanduza ibidukikije. Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko ibisabwa byo kubungabunga sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta-mwuka biri hejuru. Birakenewe ko umutekano wa gazi uhagarara hamwe no gusiga amavuta hamwe na nozzle itabujijwe.
Kubisiga amavuta ya spindle, hariho nuburyo bubiri: uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta hamwe nuburyo bwo gutera inshinge.
Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta amavuta yerekana amavuta yo kwisiga mo uduce duto hanyuma akayajyana muri spindle ifite igice binyuze mumyuka kugirango amavuta. Ubu buryo bufite amavuta amwe kandi burashobora gutanga amavuta meza mugihe cyihuta cyane. Nyamara, igihu cya peteroli gishobora gutera umwanda ibidukikije, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikwiye zo kubarinda.
Uburyo bwo gutera inshinge uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta amavuta igice cyayo binyuze mumutwe, ufite ibyiza byo gusiga amavuta kandi bigira ingaruka nziza. Ariko, imyanya hamwe na spray inguni ya nozzle igomba guhindurwa neza kugirango tumenye neza amavuta meza.
Muri make, kubungabunga uruganda rukora imashini bigomba gusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu bitandukanye, harimo guhitamo uburyo bwo gusiga, kugenzura ubwinshi bwamavuta, no kubungabunga isuku. Gusa mugukora akazi keza mukubungabunga burimunsi turashobora kwemeza imikorere ihamye ya spindle, kongera igihe cyumurimo, no kuzamura umusaruro no gutunganya ubwiza bwikigo gikora imashini.
Mu mikoreshereze nyayo, ingingo zikurikira nazo zigomba kwitonderwa:
Buri gihe ugenzure neza neza na runcle ya spindle, hanyuma uhindure cyangwa usane mugihe ibibazo bibonetse.
Irinde spindle ikora munsi yumutwaro urenze cyangwa ingaruka zihuse kugirango wirinde kwangirika.
Komeza ibikorwa byikigo gikora imashini kugira isuku kugirango wirinde umukungugu n’umwanda kwinjira muri spindle.
Kora ukurikije uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa spindle iterwa no gukora nabi.
Kubikoresho byimashini bihenze bizunguruka, mugihe habaye kunanirwa cyangwa kwangirika, gusana no gukoresha birashobora gutekerezwa. Hariho uburyo bukurikira bwo gusana:
Simbuza ibice byangiritse nkibidodo na kashe.
Sana ibice byambarwa, nko gukoresha lazeri, gusya amashanyarazi hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga.
Kora neza kandi uhindure neza kugirango ugarure neza imikorere ya spindle.
Mugihe cyo gusana spindle, menya neza guhitamo ikigo cyumwuga cyangwa uruganda rukora neza kugirango urebe neza. Muri icyo gihe, spindle yasanwe igomba kugeragezwa cyane no kugeragezwa kugirango irebe ko imikorere yayo yujuje ibisabwa mbere yo gukoreshwa.
Mu ncamake, uburyo bwo gukora uruganda rukora imashini ni byiza kandi biragoye, kandi imirimo yo kubungabunga no gusana nayo ni ngombwa cyane. Gusa nukumenya neza uburyo bukwiye bwo gukora, kubungabunga, no gusana dushobora gutanga umukino wuzuye kumikorere yikigo gikora imashini kandi tugatanga inkunga ikomeye mugutezimbere inganda zigezweho.
Kugirango umenye imikorere nubuzima bwa serivise yimashini izunguruka, kubungabunga neza ni ngombwa cyane. Muri byo, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwakazi bwo gutwara ni ihuriro ryingenzi mukubungabunga, kandi uburyo bukoreshwa ni amavuta yo gusiga. Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gusiga: uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta-ikirere hamwe no gusiga amavuta.
Gusiga amavuta
Iyo ukoresheje amavuta yo kuzenguruka, birakenewe ko umubare wamavuta muri spindle uhoraho yubushyuhe bwamavuta arahagije. Amavuta yo gukwirakwiza amavuta arashobora kugabanya guterana no kubyara ubushyuhe mugihe byujuje ibisabwa, kandi birashobora gukuramo igice cyubushyuhe bwibice bya spindle. Binyuze mu mavuta ahora azenguruka, ubushyuhe burajyanwa kugirango spindle ikore mubipimo bikwiye.
Ubu buryo bwo gusiga busaba kugenzura buri gihe ubwinshi bwamavuta mu kigega cya peteroli kugirango umenye amavuta ahagije. Muri icyo gihe, witondere isuku yamavuta kugirango wirinde umwanda winjira muri sisitemu yo gusiga kandi bigira ingaruka kumavuta. Guhora uhindura amavuta nabyo birakenewe kugirango imikorere ya peteroli ihamye.
Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta
Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta-mwuka ni ikinyuranyo cyo gusiga amavuta. Irakeneye gusa kuzuza 10% yubushobozi bwumwanya. Amavuta yo mu kirere ni ukuvanga amavuta make ya gaze na gaze kumuvuduko runaka kugirango ube uruvange rumeze nkamavuta hanyuma ukayitera igice cyamavuta yo gusiga.
Ubu buryo bwo gusiga bufite ibyiza byo gukoresha amavuta make, ingaruka nziza zo gusiga, kandi nta kwanduza ibidukikije. Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko ibisabwa byo kubungabunga sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta-mwuka biri hejuru. Birakenewe ko umutekano wa gazi uhagarara hamwe no gusiga amavuta hamwe na nozzle itabujijwe.
Kubisiga amavuta ya spindle, hariho nuburyo bubiri: uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta hamwe nuburyo bwo gutera inshinge.
Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta amavuta yerekana amavuta yo kwisiga mo uduce duto hanyuma akayajyana muri spindle ifite igice binyuze mumyuka kugirango amavuta. Ubu buryo bufite amavuta amwe kandi burashobora gutanga amavuta meza mugihe cyihuta cyane. Nyamara, igihu cya peteroli gishobora gutera umwanda ibidukikije, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikwiye zo kubarinda.
Uburyo bwo gutera inshinge uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta amavuta igice cyayo binyuze mumutwe, ufite ibyiza byo gusiga amavuta kandi bigira ingaruka nziza. Ariko, imyanya hamwe na spray inguni ya nozzle igomba guhindurwa neza kugirango tumenye neza amavuta meza.
Muri make, kubungabunga uruganda rukora imashini bigomba gusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu bitandukanye, harimo guhitamo uburyo bwo gusiga, kugenzura ubwinshi bwamavuta, no kubungabunga isuku. Gusa mugukora akazi keza mukubungabunga burimunsi turashobora kwemeza imikorere ihamye ya spindle, kongera igihe cyumurimo, no kuzamura umusaruro no gutunganya ubwiza bwikigo gikora imashini.
Mu mikoreshereze nyayo, ingingo zikurikira nazo zigomba kwitonderwa:
Buri gihe ugenzure neza neza na runcle ya spindle, hanyuma uhindure cyangwa usane mugihe ibibazo bibonetse.
Irinde spindle ikora munsi yumutwaro urenze cyangwa ingaruka zihuse kugirango wirinde kwangirika.
Komeza ibikorwa byikigo gikora imashini kugira isuku kugirango wirinde umukungugu n’umwanda kwinjira muri spindle.
Kora ukurikije uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa spindle iterwa no gukora nabi.
Kubikoresho byimashini bihenze bizunguruka, mugihe habaye kunanirwa cyangwa kwangirika, gusana no gukoresha birashobora gutekerezwa. Hariho uburyo bukurikira bwo gusana:
Simbuza ibice byangiritse nkibidodo na kashe.
Sana ibice byambarwa, nko gukoresha lazeri, gusya amashanyarazi hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga.
Kora neza kandi uhindure neza kugirango ugarure neza imikorere ya spindle.
Mugihe cyo gusana spindle, menya neza guhitamo ikigo cyumwuga cyangwa uruganda rukora neza kugirango urebe neza. Muri icyo gihe, spindle yasanwe igomba kugeragezwa cyane no kugeragezwa kugirango irebe ko imikorere yayo yujuje ibisabwa mbere yo gukoreshwa.
Mu ncamake, uburyo bwo gukora uruganda rukora imashini ni byiza kandi biragoye, kandi imirimo yo kubungabunga no gusana nayo ni ngombwa cyane. Gusa nukumenya neza uburyo bukwiye bwo gukora, kubungabunga, no gusana dushobora gutanga umukino wuzuye kumikorere yikigo gikora imashini kandi tugatanga inkunga ikomeye mugutezimbere inganda zigezweho.