Isesengura ryitunganyirizwa ryihuta ryihuta ryibice byimashini
I. Intangiriro
Ibimashini bigira uruhare runini mubijyanye no gutunganya byihuse umuvuduko wo gutunganya igice. Bagenzura ibikoresho byimashini binyuze mumakuru ya digitale, bigafasha ibikoresho byimashini guhita bakora imirimo yihariye yo gutunganya. Ubu buryo bwo gutunganya burashobora kwemeza neza ko butunganijwe neza kandi bufite ireme, biroroshye kubona imikorere yikora, kandi bifite ibyiza byumusaruro mwinshi hamwe nigihe gito cyumusaruro. Hagati aho, irashobora kugabanya imikoreshereze yimikoreshereze yibikoresho bitunganijwe, igahuza ibikenewe byo kuvugurura ibicuruzwa byihuse no kuyisimbuza, kandi ifitanye isano rya hafi na CAD kugirango igere ku guhinduka kuva mubishushanyo kugeza ku bicuruzwa byanyuma. Kubahugurwa biga gutunganyirizwa gutunganywa byihuse byihuse mubigo bitunganya imashini, ni ngombwa cyane gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati ya buri gikorwa nakamaro ka buri ntambwe. Iyi ngingo izasobanura neza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa biva mu isesengura ryibicuruzwa bikagenzurwa kandi bikabigaragaza binyuze mu bihe byihariye. Ibikoresho byurubanza ni ikibaho cyamabara abiri cyangwa plexiglass.
Ibimashini bigira uruhare runini mubijyanye no gutunganya byihuse umuvuduko wo gutunganya igice. Bagenzura ibikoresho byimashini binyuze mumakuru ya digitale, bigafasha ibikoresho byimashini guhita bakora imirimo yihariye yo gutunganya. Ubu buryo bwo gutunganya burashobora kwemeza neza ko butunganijwe neza kandi bufite ireme, biroroshye kubona imikorere yikora, kandi bifite ibyiza byumusaruro mwinshi hamwe nigihe gito cyumusaruro. Hagati aho, irashobora kugabanya imikoreshereze yimikoreshereze yibikoresho bitunganijwe, igahuza ibikenewe byo kuvugurura ibicuruzwa byihuse no kuyisimbuza, kandi ifitanye isano rya hafi na CAD kugirango igere ku guhinduka kuva mubishushanyo kugeza ku bicuruzwa byanyuma. Kubahugurwa biga gutunganyirizwa gutunganywa byihuse byihuse mubigo bitunganya imashini, ni ngombwa cyane gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati ya buri gikorwa nakamaro ka buri ntambwe. Iyi ngingo izasobanura neza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa biva mu isesengura ryibicuruzwa bikagenzurwa kandi bikabigaragaza binyuze mu bihe byihariye. Ibikoresho byurubanza ni ikibaho cyamabara abiri cyangwa plexiglass.
II. Isesengura ry'ibicuruzwa
(A) Kubona Amakuru Yibigize
Isesengura ryibicuruzwa nintangiriro yo gutunganya ibintu byose. Binyuze muriki cyiciro, dukeneye kubona amakuru ahagije yo guhimba. Kubwoko butandukanye bwibice, inkomoko yamakuru yamakuru ni menshi. Kurugero, niba ari igice cyubukanishi, dukeneye gusobanukirwa imiterere nubunini bwacyo, harimo amakuru ya geometrike nkuburebure, ubugari, uburebure, umwobo wa diameter, na diameter ya shaft. Aya makuru azagena urwego rwibanze rwo gutunganya nyuma. Niba ari igice gifite ibice bigoramye bigoramye, nka moteri ya aero-moteri, amakuru yukuri agororotse arasabwa, ashobora kuboneka hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka scanne ya 3D. Byongeye kandi, ibisabwa byo kwihanganira ibice nabyo ni igice cyingenzi cyamakuru yihimbano, ateganya urwego rwukuri rwo gutunganya neza, nko kwihanganira ibipimo, kwihanganira imiterere (kuzenguruka, kugororoka, nibindi), no kwihanganira imyanya (parallelism, perpendicularity, nibindi).
(A) Kubona Amakuru Yibigize
Isesengura ryibicuruzwa nintangiriro yo gutunganya ibintu byose. Binyuze muriki cyiciro, dukeneye kubona amakuru ahagije yo guhimba. Kubwoko butandukanye bwibice, inkomoko yamakuru yamakuru ni menshi. Kurugero, niba ari igice cyubukanishi, dukeneye gusobanukirwa imiterere nubunini bwacyo, harimo amakuru ya geometrike nkuburebure, ubugari, uburebure, umwobo wa diameter, na diameter ya shaft. Aya makuru azagena urwego rwibanze rwo gutunganya nyuma. Niba ari igice gifite ibice bigoramye bigoramye, nka moteri ya aero-moteri, amakuru yukuri agororotse arasabwa, ashobora kuboneka hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka scanne ya 3D. Byongeye kandi, ibisabwa byo kwihanganira ibice nabyo ni igice cyingenzi cyamakuru yihimbano, ateganya urwego rwukuri rwo gutunganya neza, nko kwihanganira ibipimo, kwihanganira imiterere (kuzenguruka, kugororoka, nibindi), no kwihanganira imyanya (parallelism, perpendicularity, nibindi).
(B) Gusobanura Ibisabwa Gutunganywa
Usibye amakuru yo guhimba, ibisabwa gutunganya nabyo byibandwaho mu gusesengura ibicuruzwa. Ibi bikubiyemo ibintu biranga ibice. Imiterere yibikoresho bitandukanye nko gukomera, gukomera, no guhindagurika bizagira ingaruka ku guhitamo tekinoroji yo gutunganya. Kurugero, gutunganya ibyuma-bikomeye cyane ibyuma byibyuma birashobora gusaba gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye byo gukata no gukata ibipimo. Ubuziranenge bwibisabwa nabyo ni ikintu cyingenzi. Kurugero, hejuru yubuso busabwa ni nkibintu bimwe na bimwe bihanitse neza bya optique, ubuso bushobora gusabwa kugera kurwego rwa nanometero. Mubyongeyeho, hari n'ibisabwa bidasanzwe, nko kurwanya ruswa no kwambara ibice. Ibi bisabwa birashobora gusaba ubundi buryo bwo kuvura nyuma yo gutunganywa.
Usibye amakuru yo guhimba, ibisabwa gutunganya nabyo byibandwaho mu gusesengura ibicuruzwa. Ibi bikubiyemo ibintu biranga ibice. Imiterere yibikoresho bitandukanye nko gukomera, gukomera, no guhindagurika bizagira ingaruka ku guhitamo tekinoroji yo gutunganya. Kurugero, gutunganya ibyuma-bikomeye cyane ibyuma byibyuma birashobora gusaba gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye byo gukata no gukata ibipimo. Ubuziranenge bwibisabwa nabyo ni ikintu cyingenzi. Kurugero, hejuru yubuso busabwa ni nkibintu bimwe na bimwe bihanitse neza bya optique, ubuso bushobora gusabwa kugera kurwego rwa nanometero. Mubyongeyeho, hari n'ibisabwa bidasanzwe, nko kurwanya ruswa no kwambara ibice. Ibi bisabwa birashobora gusaba ubundi buryo bwo kuvura nyuma yo gutunganywa.
III. Igishushanyo mbonera
(A) Gushushanya Shingiro Bishingiye ku Isesengura ryibicuruzwa
Igishushanyo mbonera gishingiye ku isesengura rirambuye ryibicuruzwa. Gufata kashe nkurugero, ubanza, imyandikire igomba kugenwa ukurikije ibisabwa. Niba ari kashe yemewe, imiterere yindirimbo isanzwe cyangwa kwigana Indirimbo yindirimbo irashobora gukoreshwa; niba ari kashe yubuhanzi, guhitamo imyandikire biratandukanye, kandi birashobora kuba kashe yimyandikire, inyandiko yimyandikire, nibindi, bifite ubuhanzi. Ingano yinyandiko igomba kugenwa ukurikije ingano rusange nintego ya kashe. Kurugero, ingano yinyandiko yikimenyetso gito cyumuntu kugiti cye ni gito, mugihe ingano yinyandiko yikimenyetso kinini cyisosiyete nini ari nini. Ubwoko bwa kashe nabwo ni ngombwa. Hariho imiterere itandukanye nkuruziga, kare, na oval. Igishushanyo cya buri shusho gikeneye gusuzuma imiterere yinyandiko yimbere.
(A) Gushushanya Shingiro Bishingiye ku Isesengura ryibicuruzwa
Igishushanyo mbonera gishingiye ku isesengura rirambuye ryibicuruzwa. Gufata kashe nkurugero, ubanza, imyandikire igomba kugenwa ukurikije ibisabwa. Niba ari kashe yemewe, imiterere yindirimbo isanzwe cyangwa kwigana Indirimbo yindirimbo irashobora gukoreshwa; niba ari kashe yubuhanzi, guhitamo imyandikire biratandukanye, kandi birashobora kuba kashe yimyandikire, inyandiko yimyandikire, nibindi, bifite ubuhanzi. Ingano yinyandiko igomba kugenwa ukurikije ingano rusange nintego ya kashe. Kurugero, ingano yinyandiko yikimenyetso gito cyumuntu kugiti cye ni gito, mugihe ingano yinyandiko yikimenyetso kinini cyisosiyete nini ari nini. Ubwoko bwa kashe nabwo ni ngombwa. Hariho imiterere itandukanye nkuruziga, kare, na oval. Igishushanyo cya buri shusho gikeneye gusuzuma imiterere yinyandiko yimbere.
(B) Gukora ibishushanyo ukoresheje software yabigize umwuga
Nyuma yo kumenya ibi bintu byibanze, porogaramu ishushanya ibishushanyo mbonera bigomba gukoreshwa mu gukora ibishushanyo. Kubishushanyo mbonera-bibiri-bishushanyo, software nka AutoCAD irashobora gukoreshwa. Muri iyi software, urucacagu rwigice rushobora gushushanywa neza, kandi ubunini, ibara, nibindi byumurongo birashobora gushirwaho. Kubishushanyo mbonera-bitatu-bishushanyo, software-moderi-yerekana urugero nka SolidWorks na UG igomba gukoreshwa. Iyi software irashobora gukora igice cyicyitegererezo hamwe nuburyo bugoramye bugaragara hamwe nuburyo bukomeye, kandi irashobora gukora igishushanyo mbonera, korohereza guhindura no gutezimbere ibishushanyo. Mugihe cyibishushanyo mbonera, ibisabwa bya tekinoroji yo gutunganya nabyo bigomba gusuzumwa. Kurugero, kugirango byorohereze ibisekuru byinzira yinzira, ibishushanyo bigomba kuba byateganijwe kandi bigatandukana.
Nyuma yo kumenya ibi bintu byibanze, porogaramu ishushanya ibishushanyo mbonera bigomba gukoreshwa mu gukora ibishushanyo. Kubishushanyo mbonera-bibiri-bishushanyo, software nka AutoCAD irashobora gukoreshwa. Muri iyi software, urucacagu rwigice rushobora gushushanywa neza, kandi ubunini, ibara, nibindi byumurongo birashobora gushirwaho. Kubishushanyo mbonera-bitatu-bishushanyo, software-moderi-yerekana urugero nka SolidWorks na UG igomba gukoreshwa. Iyi software irashobora gukora igice cyicyitegererezo hamwe nuburyo bugoramye bugaragara hamwe nuburyo bukomeye, kandi irashobora gukora igishushanyo mbonera, korohereza guhindura no gutezimbere ibishushanyo. Mugihe cyibishushanyo mbonera, ibisabwa bya tekinoroji yo gutunganya nabyo bigomba gusuzumwa. Kurugero, kugirango byorohereze ibisekuru byinzira yinzira, ibishushanyo bigomba kuba byateganijwe kandi bigatandukana.
IV. Igenamigambi
(A) Gutegura Intambwe Zitunganijwe Kuva Mubitekerezo Byisi
Igenamigambi rikorwa ni ugushiraho mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro buri ntambwe yo gutunganya uhereye ku isi yose ishingiye ku isesengura ryimbitse ryerekana isura n'ibisabwa gutunganya ibicuruzwa. Ibi bisaba gusuzuma uburyo bwo gutunganya, uburyo bwo gutunganya, nibikoresho byo gukata nibikoresho bizakoreshwa. Kubice bifite ibintu byinshi, birakenewe kumenya ibiranga gutunganya mbere nibindi bigomba gutunganywa nyuma. Kurugero, kubice bifite umwobo nindege, mubisanzwe indege itunganijwe mbere kugirango itange ubuso buhamye bwo gutunganya umwobo. Guhitamo uburyo bwo gutunganya biterwa nibintu nuburyo imiterere yigice. Kurugero, kubutaka bwo kuzenguruka hejuru, gutunganya, gusya, nibindi birashobora guhitamo; yo gutunganya umwobo w'imbere, gucukura, kurambirana, nibindi birashobora kwakirwa.
(A) Gutegura Intambwe Zitunganijwe Kuva Mubitekerezo Byisi
Igenamigambi rikorwa ni ugushiraho mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro buri ntambwe yo gutunganya uhereye ku isi yose ishingiye ku isesengura ryimbitse ryerekana isura n'ibisabwa gutunganya ibicuruzwa. Ibi bisaba gusuzuma uburyo bwo gutunganya, uburyo bwo gutunganya, nibikoresho byo gukata nibikoresho bizakoreshwa. Kubice bifite ibintu byinshi, birakenewe kumenya ibiranga gutunganya mbere nibindi bigomba gutunganywa nyuma. Kurugero, kubice bifite umwobo nindege, mubisanzwe indege itunganijwe mbere kugirango itange ubuso buhamye bwo gutunganya umwobo. Guhitamo uburyo bwo gutunganya biterwa nibintu nuburyo imiterere yigice. Kurugero, kubutaka bwo kuzenguruka hejuru, gutunganya, gusya, nibindi birashobora guhitamo; yo gutunganya umwobo w'imbere, gucukura, kurambirana, nibindi birashobora kwakirwa.
(B) Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gutema nibikoresho
Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukata nibikoresho ni igice cyingenzi cyo gutegura gahunda. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho byo gukata, harimo ibikoresho byo guhindura, ibikoresho byo gusya, bits ya drill, ibikoresho birambirana, nibindi, kandi buri bwoko bwibikoresho byo gukata bifite imiterere nibipimo bitandukanye. Mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho byo gukata, ibintu nkibikoresho byigice, gutunganya neza, hamwe nubuziranenge bwubutaka bigomba kwitabwaho. Kurugero, ibikoresho byihuta byo gukata ibyuma birashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibice bya aluminiyumu, mugihe ibikoresho byo gukata karbide cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutema ceramic birasabwa gutunganya ibyuma bikomeye. Imikorere yimikorere ni ugukosora igihangano kugirango umenye neza kandi neza mugihe cyo gutunganya. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo ibice bitatu-byijimye, ibisumizi bine-bine, hamwe nudupapuro twiza. Kubice bifite imiterere idasanzwe, ibikoresho byihariye birashobora gukenerwa. Mugutegura gahunda, ibikoresho bikwiye bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije imiterere nibisabwa gutunganya igice kugirango barebe ko igihangano kitazimurwa cyangwa ngo gihindurwe mugihe cyo gutunganya.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukata nibikoresho ni igice cyingenzi cyo gutegura gahunda. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho byo gukata, harimo ibikoresho byo guhindura, ibikoresho byo gusya, bits ya drill, ibikoresho birambirana, nibindi, kandi buri bwoko bwibikoresho byo gukata bifite imiterere nibipimo bitandukanye. Mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho byo gukata, ibintu nkibikoresho byigice, gutunganya neza, hamwe nubuziranenge bwubutaka bigomba kwitabwaho. Kurugero, ibikoresho byihuta byo gukata ibyuma birashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibice bya aluminiyumu, mugihe ibikoresho byo gukata karbide cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutema ceramic birasabwa gutunganya ibyuma bikomeye. Imikorere yimikorere ni ugukosora igihangano kugirango umenye neza kandi neza mugihe cyo gutunganya. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo ibice bitatu-byijimye, ibisumizi bine-bine, hamwe nudupapuro twiza. Kubice bifite imiterere idasanzwe, ibikoresho byihariye birashobora gukenerwa. Mugutegura gahunda, ibikoresho bikwiye bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije imiterere nibisabwa gutunganya igice kugirango barebe ko igihangano kitazimurwa cyangwa ngo gihindurwe mugihe cyo gutunganya.
V. Inzira Igisekuru
(A) Gushyira mubikorwa Igenamigambi rikorwa binyuze muri software
Inzira yinzira ninzira yo gushyira mubikorwa byumwihariko igenamigambi rikorwa binyuze muri software. Muri ubu buryo, ibishushanyo mbonera byashizweho hamwe nibiteganijwe gutegurwa bigomba kwinjizwa muri software igenzura porogaramu nka MasterCAM na Cimatron. Iyi software izatanga ibikoresho byinzira ukurikije amakuru yinjiye. Mugihe cyo kubyara inzira yinzira, ibintu nkubwoko, ingano, nogukata ibipimo byibikoresho byo gukata bigomba kwitabwaho. Kurugero, mugutunganya urusyo, diameter, umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka, igipimo cyibiryo, hamwe no kugabanya ubujyakuzimu bwibikoresho byo gusya bigomba gushyirwaho. Porogaramu izabara urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho byo gukata ku rupapuro rw'akazi ukurikije ibyo bipimo kandi bitange kodegisi ya G na M. Iyi code izayobora igikoresho cyimashini gutunganya.
(A) Gushyira mubikorwa Igenamigambi rikorwa binyuze muri software
Inzira yinzira ninzira yo gushyira mubikorwa byumwihariko igenamigambi rikorwa binyuze muri software. Muri ubu buryo, ibishushanyo mbonera byashizweho hamwe nibiteganijwe gutegurwa bigomba kwinjizwa muri software igenzura porogaramu nka MasterCAM na Cimatron. Iyi software izatanga ibikoresho byinzira ukurikije amakuru yinjiye. Mugihe cyo kubyara inzira yinzira, ibintu nkubwoko, ingano, nogukata ibipimo byibikoresho byo gukata bigomba kwitabwaho. Kurugero, mugutunganya urusyo, diameter, umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka, igipimo cyibiryo, hamwe no kugabanya ubujyakuzimu bwibikoresho byo gusya bigomba gushyirwaho. Porogaramu izabara urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho byo gukata ku rupapuro rw'akazi ukurikije ibyo bipimo kandi bitange kodegisi ya G na M. Iyi code izayobora igikoresho cyimashini gutunganya.
(B) Kunoza ibikoresho Inzira Inzira
Mugihe kimwe, ibikoresho byinzira ibipimo byateguwe binyuze muburyo bwo gushiraho. Kunoza inzira yigikoresho birashobora kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya, kugabanya ibiciro byo gutunganya, no kuzamura ubwiza bwo gutunganya. Kurugero, igihe cyo gutunganya kirashobora kugabanywa muguhindura ibipimo byo kugabanya mugihe cyo gutunganya neza. Inzira yuburyo bukwiye igomba kugabanya inkoni idafite akamaro kandi igakomeza igikoresho cyo gutema mugihe gikomeza cyo gutema mugihe cyo gutunganya. Mubyongeyeho, kwambara igikoresho cyo gukata birashobora kugabanuka mugutezimbere inzira yigikoresho, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho byo gukata burashobora kwagurwa. Kurugero, mugukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gukata no gukata icyerekezo, igikoresho cyo gukata kirashobora kubuzwa gukata kenshi no gusohoka mugihe cyo gutunganya, kugabanya ingaruka kubikoresho byo gutema.
Mugihe kimwe, ibikoresho byinzira ibipimo byateguwe binyuze muburyo bwo gushiraho. Kunoza inzira yigikoresho birashobora kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya, kugabanya ibiciro byo gutunganya, no kuzamura ubwiza bwo gutunganya. Kurugero, igihe cyo gutunganya kirashobora kugabanywa muguhindura ibipimo byo kugabanya mugihe cyo gutunganya neza. Inzira yuburyo bukwiye igomba kugabanya inkoni idafite akamaro kandi igakomeza igikoresho cyo gutema mugihe gikomeza cyo gutema mugihe cyo gutunganya. Mubyongeyeho, kwambara igikoresho cyo gukata birashobora kugabanuka mugutezimbere inzira yigikoresho, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho byo gukata burashobora kwagurwa. Kurugero, mugukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gukata no gukata icyerekezo, igikoresho cyo gukata kirashobora kubuzwa gukata kenshi no gusohoka mugihe cyo gutunganya, kugabanya ingaruka kubikoresho byo gutema.
VI. Kwigana Inzira
(A) Kugenzura Ibibazo Bishoboka
Inzira imaze kubyara, mubisanzwe ntabwo dufite ibyiyumvo byimbitse kubyerekeye imikorere yayo yanyuma kubikoresho byimashini. Inzira yo kwigana ni ukugenzura ibibazo bishoboka kugirango ugabanye igipimo cyo gukuraho ibintu nyabyo. Mugihe cyinzira yo kwigana inzira, ingaruka zumurimo zigaragara muri rusange zirasuzumwa. Binyuze mu kwigana, birashobora kugaragara niba ubuso bwigice cyatunganijwe bworoshye, niba hari ibimenyetso byibikoresho, ibishushanyo, nizindi nenge. Mugihe kimwe, birakenewe kugenzura niba hari gukata birenze cyangwa gukata. Gukata cyane bizatera ubunini bwigice kuba gito kurenza ubunini bwateganijwe, bigira ingaruka kumikorere y igice; munsi-gukata bizatuma igice kinini kinini kandi gishobora gutunganywa kabiri.
(A) Kugenzura Ibibazo Bishoboka
Inzira imaze kubyara, mubisanzwe ntabwo dufite ibyiyumvo byimbitse kubyerekeye imikorere yayo yanyuma kubikoresho byimashini. Inzira yo kwigana ni ukugenzura ibibazo bishoboka kugirango ugabanye igipimo cyo gukuraho ibintu nyabyo. Mugihe cyinzira yo kwigana inzira, ingaruka zumurimo zigaragara muri rusange zirasuzumwa. Binyuze mu kwigana, birashobora kugaragara niba ubuso bwigice cyatunganijwe bworoshye, niba hari ibimenyetso byibikoresho, ibishushanyo, nizindi nenge. Mugihe kimwe, birakenewe kugenzura niba hari gukata birenze cyangwa gukata. Gukata cyane bizatera ubunini bwigice kuba gito kurenza ubunini bwateganijwe, bigira ingaruka kumikorere y igice; munsi-gukata bizatuma igice kinini kinini kandi gishobora gutunganywa kabiri.
(B) Gusuzuma Ubwenge bwo Gutegura Gahunda
Mubyongeyeho, birakenewe gusuzuma niba igenamigambi ryinzira ryumvikana. Kurugero, birakenewe kugenzura niba hari impinduka zidafite ishingiro, guhagarara gitunguranye, nibindi muburyo bwibikoresho. Ibi bihe birashobora kwangiza igikoresho cyo gukata no kugabanuka muburyo bwo gutunganya neza. Binyuze mu nzira yo kwigana, igenamigambi rishobora kurushaho kunozwa, kandi inzira yinzira nigikoresho cyo gutunganya birashobora guhinduka kugirango harebwe ko igice gishobora gutunganywa neza mugihe nyacyo cyo gutunganya kandi ubwiza bwo gutunganya burashobora kwemezwa.
Mubyongeyeho, birakenewe gusuzuma niba igenamigambi ryinzira ryumvikana. Kurugero, birakenewe kugenzura niba hari impinduka zidafite ishingiro, guhagarara gitunguranye, nibindi muburyo bwibikoresho. Ibi bihe birashobora kwangiza igikoresho cyo gukata no kugabanuka muburyo bwo gutunganya neza. Binyuze mu nzira yo kwigana, igenamigambi rishobora kurushaho kunozwa, kandi inzira yinzira nigikoresho cyo gutunganya birashobora guhinduka kugirango harebwe ko igice gishobora gutunganywa neza mugihe nyacyo cyo gutunganya kandi ubwiza bwo gutunganya burashobora kwemezwa.
VII. Inzira Ibisohoka
(A) Isano iri hagati ya software nigikoresho cyimashini
Inzira isohoka nintambwe ikenewe kugirango porogaramu ishushanya porogaramu ishyirwe mu gikoresho cyimashini. Ishiraho isano hagati ya software nigikoresho cyimashini. Mugihe cyo gusohora inzira, kode ya G yakozwe na kode ya M igomba koherezwa kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho byimashini hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwo kohereza. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza burimo RS232 itumanaho ryicyambu, itumanaho rya Ethernet, hamwe na USB yoherejwe. Mugihe cyo kohereza, ubunyangamugayo nubunyangamugayo bya code bigomba gukenerwa kugirango wirinde gutakaza code cyangwa amakosa.
(A) Isano iri hagati ya software nigikoresho cyimashini
Inzira isohoka nintambwe ikenewe kugirango porogaramu ishushanya porogaramu ishyirwe mu gikoresho cyimashini. Ishiraho isano hagati ya software nigikoresho cyimashini. Mugihe cyo gusohora inzira, kode ya G yakozwe na kode ya M igomba koherezwa kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho byimashini hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwo kohereza. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza burimo RS232 itumanaho ryicyambu, itumanaho rya Ethernet, hamwe na USB yoherejwe. Mugihe cyo kohereza, ubunyangamugayo nubunyangamugayo bya code bigomba gukenerwa kugirango wirinde gutakaza code cyangwa amakosa.
(B) Gusobanukirwa Inzira Igikoresho Nyuma yo gutunganya
Kubahugurwa bafite numubare wigenzura ryumwuga, ibisohoka inzira birashobora kumvikana nka nyuma yo gutunganya inzira yinzira. Intego yo gutunganya nyuma yo guhindura ni uguhindura code zakozwe na software rusange igenzura porogaramu muri code zishobora kumenyekana na sisitemu yo kugenzura igikoresho cyimashini runaka. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya mashini bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kumiterere n'amabwiriza ya kode, bityo nyuma yo gutunganya birakenewe. Mugihe cyinyuma yo gutunganya, igenamiterere rigomba gukorwa ukurikije ibintu nkicyitegererezo cyibikoresho byimashini nubwoko bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura kugirango kode zisohoka zishobora kugenzura neza igikoresho cyimashini gutunganya.
Kubahugurwa bafite numubare wigenzura ryumwuga, ibisohoka inzira birashobora kumvikana nka nyuma yo gutunganya inzira yinzira. Intego yo gutunganya nyuma yo guhindura ni uguhindura code zakozwe na software rusange igenzura porogaramu muri code zishobora kumenyekana na sisitemu yo kugenzura igikoresho cyimashini runaka. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya mashini bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kumiterere n'amabwiriza ya kode, bityo nyuma yo gutunganya birakenewe. Mugihe cyinyuma yo gutunganya, igenamiterere rigomba gukorwa ukurikije ibintu nkicyitegererezo cyibikoresho byimashini nubwoko bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura kugirango kode zisohoka zishobora kugenzura neza igikoresho cyimashini gutunganya.
VIII. Gutunganya
(A) Gutegura ibikoresho byimashini no gushiraho ibipimo
Nyuma yo kurangiza inzira isohoka, icyiciro cyo gutunganya cyinjiye. Ubwa mbere, igikoresho cyimashini kigomba gutegurwa, harimo kugenzura niba buri gice cyigikoresho cyimashini gisanzwe, nko kumenya niba kuzunguruka, kuyobora gari ya moshi, hamwe ninkoni ya screw bigenda neza. Hanyuma, ibipimo byigikoresho cyimashini bigomba gushyirwaho ukurikije ibisabwa gutunganywa, nkumuvuduko wa spindle umuvuduko, igipimo cyibiryo, no guca ubujyakuzimu. Ibipimo bigomba kuba bihuye nibyashizweho mugihe cyo kubyara inzira kugirango tumenye neza ko inzira yo gutunganya ikomeza ukurikije inzira yagenwe mbere. Mugihe kimwe, urupapuro rwakazi rugomba gushyirwaho neza kumurongo kugirango hamenyekane neza aho akazi gakorewe.
(A) Gutegura ibikoresho byimashini no gushiraho ibipimo
Nyuma yo kurangiza inzira isohoka, icyiciro cyo gutunganya cyinjiye. Ubwa mbere, igikoresho cyimashini kigomba gutegurwa, harimo kugenzura niba buri gice cyigikoresho cyimashini gisanzwe, nko kumenya niba kuzunguruka, kuyobora gari ya moshi, hamwe ninkoni ya screw bigenda neza. Hanyuma, ibipimo byigikoresho cyimashini bigomba gushyirwaho ukurikije ibisabwa gutunganywa, nkumuvuduko wa spindle umuvuduko, igipimo cyibiryo, no guca ubujyakuzimu. Ibipimo bigomba kuba bihuye nibyashizweho mugihe cyo kubyara inzira kugirango tumenye neza ko inzira yo gutunganya ikomeza ukurikije inzira yagenwe mbere. Mugihe kimwe, urupapuro rwakazi rugomba gushyirwaho neza kumurongo kugirango hamenyekane neza aho akazi gakorewe.
(B) Gukurikirana no Guhindura Gahunda yo Gutunganya
Mugihe cyo gutunganya, imikorere yimashini igomba gukurikiranwa. Binyuze mu kwerekana ecran yimashini, impinduka mugutunganya ibipimo nka spindle umutwaro hamwe nimbaraga zo gukata birashobora kugaragara mugihe nyacyo. Niba habonetse ibipimo bidasanzwe, nkumutwaro urenze urugero, birashobora guterwa nimpamvu nko kwambara ibikoresho hamwe no gukata bidafite ishingiro, kandi bigomba guhita bihinduka. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba kwitonderwa amajwi no kunyeganyega byo gutunganya. Amajwi adasanzwe hamwe no kunyeganyega bishobora kwerekana ko hari ikibazo cyigikoresho cyimashini cyangwa igikoresho cyo gukata. Mugihe cyo gutunganya, ubwiza bwo gutunganya nabwo bugomba gukopororwa no kugenzurwa, nko gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupima gupima ingano yo gutunganya no kureba ubwiza bwubuso bwatunganijwe, no kuvumbura bidatinze ibibazo no gufata ingamba zo kunoza.
Mugihe cyo gutunganya, imikorere yimashini igomba gukurikiranwa. Binyuze mu kwerekana ecran yimashini, impinduka mugutunganya ibipimo nka spindle umutwaro hamwe nimbaraga zo gukata birashobora kugaragara mugihe nyacyo. Niba habonetse ibipimo bidasanzwe, nkumutwaro urenze urugero, birashobora guterwa nimpamvu nko kwambara ibikoresho hamwe no gukata bidafite ishingiro, kandi bigomba guhita bihinduka. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba kwitonderwa amajwi no kunyeganyega byo gutunganya. Amajwi adasanzwe hamwe no kunyeganyega bishobora kwerekana ko hari ikibazo cyigikoresho cyimashini cyangwa igikoresho cyo gukata. Mugihe cyo gutunganya, ubwiza bwo gutunganya nabwo bugomba gukopororwa no kugenzurwa, nko gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupima gupima ingano yo gutunganya no kureba ubwiza bwubuso bwatunganijwe, no kuvumbura bidatinze ibibazo no gufata ingamba zo kunoza.
IX. Kugenzura
(A) Gukoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura
Ubugenzuzi nicyiciro cyanyuma cyibikorwa byose bitunganijwe kandi nintambwe yingenzi yo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Mugihe cyo kugenzura, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura. Kugirango ugenzure neza neza, ibikoresho byo gupima nka vernier calipers, micrometero, hamwe nibikoresho bitatu byo gupima bishobora gukoreshwa. Vernier calipers na micrometero birakwiriye gupima ibipimo byoroheje byumurongo, mugihe ibikoresho bitatu byo guhuza ibipimo bishobora gupima neza ibipimo bitatu-byimiterere hamwe namakosa yibice bigoye. Kugirango hagenzurwe ubuziranenge bwubuso, metero yubusa irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ubukana bwubuso, kandi microscope optique cyangwa microscope ya elegitoronike irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango harebwe imiterere ya microscopique morphologie, harebwe niba hari uduce, imyenge, nizindi nenge.
(A) Gukoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura
Ubugenzuzi nicyiciro cyanyuma cyibikorwa byose bitunganijwe kandi nintambwe yingenzi yo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Mugihe cyo kugenzura, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura. Kugirango ugenzure neza neza, ibikoresho byo gupima nka vernier calipers, micrometero, hamwe nibikoresho bitatu byo gupima bishobora gukoreshwa. Vernier calipers na micrometero birakwiriye gupima ibipimo byoroheje byumurongo, mugihe ibikoresho bitatu byo guhuza ibipimo bishobora gupima neza ibipimo bitatu-byimiterere hamwe namakosa yibice bigoye. Kugirango hagenzurwe ubuziranenge bwubuso, metero yubusa irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ubukana bwubuso, kandi microscope optique cyangwa microscope ya elegitoronike irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango harebwe imiterere ya microscopique morphologie, harebwe niba hari uduce, imyenge, nizindi nenge.
(B) Isuzuma ryiza no gutanga ibitekerezo
Ukurikije ibisubizo byubugenzuzi, hasuzumwa ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Niba ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bwujuje ibyashizweho, burashobora kwinjira mubikorwa bikurikira cyangwa bipakirwa bikabikwa. Niba ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa butujuje ibisabwa, impamvu zigomba gusesengurwa. Birashobora guterwa nibibazo bitunganijwe, ibibazo byibikoresho, ibibazo byimashini, nibindi mugihe cyo gutunganya. Hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kunoza, nko guhindura ibipimo ngenderwaho, gusimbuza ibikoresho, gusana ibikoresho byimashini, nibindi, hanyuma igice kigasubirwamo kugeza igihe ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa. Muri icyo gihe, ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bigomba gusubizwa muburyo bwambere bwo gutunganya kugirango bitange urufatiro rwo kunoza imikorere no kuzamura ireme.
Ukurikije ibisubizo byubugenzuzi, hasuzumwa ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Niba ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bwujuje ibyashizweho, burashobora kwinjira mubikorwa bikurikira cyangwa bipakirwa bikabikwa. Niba ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa butujuje ibisabwa, impamvu zigomba gusesengurwa. Birashobora guterwa nibibazo bitunganijwe, ibibazo byibikoresho, ibibazo byimashini, nibindi mugihe cyo gutunganya. Hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kunoza, nko guhindura ibipimo ngenderwaho, gusimbuza ibikoresho, gusana ibikoresho byimashini, nibindi, hanyuma igice kigasubirwamo kugeza igihe ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa. Muri icyo gihe, ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bigomba gusubizwa muburyo bwambere bwo gutunganya kugirango bitange urufatiro rwo kunoza imikorere no kuzamura ireme.
X. Incamake
Gutunganya ibintu byihuta byihuse mubice byimashini ni sisitemu igoye kandi ikomeye. Buri cyiciro kuva isesengura ryibicuruzwa kugeza kugenzura birahujwe kandi bigira uruhare runini. Gusa mugusobanukirwa byimazeyo akamaro nuburyo bukoreshwa muri buri cyiciro kandi ukitondera isano iri hagati yicyiciro birashobora gutunganywa byihuse ibice byihuse kandi bifite ireme. Abahugurwa bagomba kwegeranya ubunararibonye no kunoza ubuhanga bwo gutunganya bahuza imyigishirize yimyigishirize nigikorwa gifatika mugihe cyo kwiga kugirango bahuze ibikenerwa ninganda zigezweho kugirango byihute gutunganya igice cyihuse. Hagati aho, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeza ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, tekinoroji y’ibigo bitunganya imashini ihora ivugururwa, kandi uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu nabwo bugomba guhora butezimbere kandi bugatezwa imbere kugira ngo butunganyirizwe neza kandi bufite ireme, kugabanya ibiciro, no guteza imbere inganda z’inganda.
Gutunganya ibintu byihuta byihuse mubice byimashini ni sisitemu igoye kandi ikomeye. Buri cyiciro kuva isesengura ryibicuruzwa kugeza kugenzura birahujwe kandi bigira uruhare runini. Gusa mugusobanukirwa byimazeyo akamaro nuburyo bukoreshwa muri buri cyiciro kandi ukitondera isano iri hagati yicyiciro birashobora gutunganywa byihuse ibice byihuse kandi bifite ireme. Abahugurwa bagomba kwegeranya ubunararibonye no kunoza ubuhanga bwo gutunganya bahuza imyigishirize yimyigishirize nigikorwa gifatika mugihe cyo kwiga kugirango bahuze ibikenerwa ninganda zigezweho kugirango byihute gutunganya igice cyihuse. Hagati aho, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeza ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, tekinoroji y’ibigo bitunganya imashini ihora ivugururwa, kandi uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu nabwo bugomba guhora butezimbere kandi bugatezwa imbere kugira ngo butunganyirizwe neza kandi bufite ireme, kugabanya ibiciro, no guteza imbere inganda z’inganda.