Byimbitse Isesengura no Gukwirakwiza Imashini Ikibanza Datum hamwe nibikoresho muri Centre de Machine
Ibisobanuro: Uru rupapuro rusobanura mu buryo burambuye ku bisabwa n’amahame y’ahantu ho gutunganyirizwa datum mu bigo bikorerwamo imashini, ndetse n’ubumenyi bujyanye n’ibikoresho, harimo ibisabwa shingiro, ubwoko rusange, n’amahame yo gutoranya ibice. Irasobanura neza akamaro nubusabane bwibi bintu mugikorwa cyo gutunganya ibigo bitunganya imashini, bigamije gutanga ishingiro ryimbitse kandi ryimbitse kandi nubuyobozi bufatika kubanyamwuga nababimenyereza babifitemo uruhare mubijyanye no gutunganya imashini, kugirango bagere ku kunoza no kunoza imikorere yimashini, neza, nubuziranenge.
I. Intangiriro
Ibigo bikora imashini, nkubwoko bwibikoresho bihanitse kandi bikora neza cyane, bikoresha umwanya wingenzi mubikorwa byinganda zigezweho. Igikorwa cyo gutunganya kirimo amahuza menshi akomeye, kandi guhitamo aho datum ikorera hamwe no kugena ibice biri mubintu byingenzi. Ahantu heza datum irashobora kwemeza neza neza igihangano cyakazi mugihe cyo gutunganya, gitanga intangiriro nyayo kubikorwa byo gukata nyuma; igikoresho gikwiye kirashobora gufata neza urupapuro rwakazi, bigatuma iterambere ryimikorere igenda neza kandi, kurwego runaka, bigira ingaruka kumikorere no gukora neza. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubijyanye no gutunganya datum hamwe nibikoresho biri mubigo bishinzwe imashini bifite akamaro kanini kandi bifatika.
Ibigo bikora imashini, nkubwoko bwibikoresho bihanitse kandi bikora neza cyane, bikoresha umwanya wingenzi mubikorwa byinganda zigezweho. Igikorwa cyo gutunganya kirimo amahuza menshi akomeye, kandi guhitamo aho datum ikorera hamwe no kugena ibice biri mubintu byingenzi. Ahantu heza datum irashobora kwemeza neza neza igihangano cyakazi mugihe cyo gutunganya, gitanga intangiriro nyayo kubikorwa byo gukata nyuma; igikoresho gikwiye kirashobora gufata neza urupapuro rwakazi, bigatuma iterambere ryimikorere igenda neza kandi, kurwego runaka, bigira ingaruka kumikorere no gukora neza. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubijyanye no gutunganya datum hamwe nibikoresho biri mubigo bishinzwe imashini bifite akamaro kanini kandi bifatika.
II. Ibisabwa n'amahame yo guhitamo Datum muri Centre de mashini
(A) Ibintu bitatu by'ibanze bisabwa kugirango uhitemo imibare
1. Ahantu heza kandi heza, Ibikoresho byizewe
Ahantu nyaburanga nicyo kintu cyibanze cyo kwemeza neza imashini. Ubuso bwa datum bugomba kugira ubunyangamugayo buhamye kandi butajegajega kugirango hamenyekane neza aho igihangano cyakorewe muri sisitemu yo guhuza ikigo gikora imashini. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gusya indege, niba hari ikosa rinini ryibibanza hejuru yumwanya wa datum, bizatera gutandukana hagati yindege ikozwe nibisabwa kugirango ibishushanyo mbonera.
Ibikoresho byoroshye kandi byizewe bifitanye isano nubushobozi n'umutekano byo gutunganya. Uburyo bwo guhuza ibice hamwe nakazi bigomba kuba byoroshye kandi byoroshye gukora, bigatuma igihangano gishyirwa vuba kumurimo wikigo gikora imashini kandi ukemeza ko igihangano kitazahinduka cyangwa ngo kibe cyiza mugihe cyo gutunganya. Kurugero, ukoresheje imbaraga zifatika zikwiye kandi ugahitamo ingingo zifatika zifatika, guhindura imikorere yakazi kubera imbaraga zifata cyane birashobora kwirindwa, kandi kwimuka kwakazi mugihe cyo gutunganya kubera imbaraga zidahagije nazo birashobora gukumirwa.
Ahantu nyaburanga nicyo kintu cyibanze cyo kwemeza neza imashini. Ubuso bwa datum bugomba kugira ubunyangamugayo buhamye kandi butajegajega kugirango hamenyekane neza aho igihangano cyakorewe muri sisitemu yo guhuza ikigo gikora imashini. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gusya indege, niba hari ikosa rinini ryibibanza hejuru yumwanya wa datum, bizatera gutandukana hagati yindege ikozwe nibisabwa kugirango ibishushanyo mbonera.
Ibikoresho byoroshye kandi byizewe bifitanye isano nubushobozi n'umutekano byo gutunganya. Uburyo bwo guhuza ibice hamwe nakazi bigomba kuba byoroshye kandi byoroshye gukora, bigatuma igihangano gishyirwa vuba kumurimo wikigo gikora imashini kandi ukemeza ko igihangano kitazahinduka cyangwa ngo kibe cyiza mugihe cyo gutunganya. Kurugero, ukoresheje imbaraga zifatika zikwiye kandi ugahitamo ingingo zifatika zifatika, guhindura imikorere yakazi kubera imbaraga zifata cyane birashobora kwirindwa, kandi kwimuka kwakazi mugihe cyo gutunganya kubera imbaraga zidahagije nazo birashobora gukumirwa.
2. Kubara Ibipimo Byoroshye
Iyo ubara ibipimo byibice bitandukanye byo gutunganya bishingiye kuri datum runaka, inzira yo kubara igomba gukorwa byoroshye bishoboka. Ibi birashobora kugabanya amakosa yo kubara mugihe cyo gutunganya no gutunganya, bityo bikazamura imikorere yimashini. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice hamwe na sisitemu nyinshi zumwobo, niba datum yatoranijwe irashobora gukora kubara ibipimo bya coorateur ya buri mwobo mu buryo butaziguye, irashobora kugabanya imibare igoye muri gahunda yo kugenzura imibare no kugabanya amahirwe yamakosa.
Iyo ubara ibipimo byibice bitandukanye byo gutunganya bishingiye kuri datum runaka, inzira yo kubara igomba gukorwa byoroshye bishoboka. Ibi birashobora kugabanya amakosa yo kubara mugihe cyo gutunganya no gutunganya, bityo bikazamura imikorere yimashini. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice hamwe na sisitemu nyinshi zumwobo, niba datum yatoranijwe irashobora gukora kubara ibipimo bya coorateur ya buri mwobo mu buryo butaziguye, irashobora kugabanya imibare igoye muri gahunda yo kugenzura imibare no kugabanya amahirwe yamakosa.
3. Kugenzura niba Imashini zuzuye
Gukora imashini ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gupima ubuziranenge bwimashini, harimo uburinganire bwuzuye, imiterere nyayo, hamwe nukuri. Guhitamo datum bigomba gushobora kugenzura neza amakosa yimashini kugirango igihangano cyakozwe cyujuje ibisabwa mugushushanya. Kurugero, mugihe uhinduye ibice bisa nkibiti, guhitamo umurongo wo hagati wigitereko nkaho ikibanza datum gishobora kwemeza neza silindrike ya shaft hamwe nubusabane hagati yibice bitandukanye.
Gukora imashini ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gupima ubuziranenge bwimashini, harimo uburinganire bwuzuye, imiterere nyayo, hamwe nukuri. Guhitamo datum bigomba gushobora kugenzura neza amakosa yimashini kugirango igihangano cyakozwe cyujuje ibisabwa mugushushanya. Kurugero, mugihe uhinduye ibice bisa nkibiti, guhitamo umurongo wo hagati wigitereko nkaho ikibanza datum gishobora kwemeza neza silindrike ya shaft hamwe nubusabane hagati yibice bitandukanye.
(B) Amahame atandatu yo guhitamo aho Datum iherereye
1. Gerageza Guhitamo Igishushanyo mbonera cya Datum
Igishushanyo mbonera ni intangiriro yo kumenya izindi ntera nishusho mugihe utegura igice. Guhitamo igishushanyo cya datum nkibibanza datum irashobora kwemeza neza ibisabwa byukuri kubipimo byubushakashatsi no kugabanya amakosa ya datum. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice kimeze nkigisanduku, niba igishushanyo cya datum ari hejuru yubuso hamwe nubuso bubiri bwikibaho, noneho gukoresha iyi sura nkaho datum iherereye mugihe cyo gutunganya imashini irashobora kwemeza neza ko imyanya ihagaze hagati ya sisitemu yo mu mwobo iri mu isanduku ijyanye n'ibisabwa gushushanya.
Igishushanyo mbonera ni intangiriro yo kumenya izindi ntera nishusho mugihe utegura igice. Guhitamo igishushanyo cya datum nkibibanza datum irashobora kwemeza neza ibisabwa byukuri kubipimo byubushakashatsi no kugabanya amakosa ya datum. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice kimeze nkigisanduku, niba igishushanyo cya datum ari hejuru yubuso hamwe nubuso bubiri bwikibaho, noneho gukoresha iyi sura nkaho datum iherereye mugihe cyo gutunganya imashini irashobora kwemeza neza ko imyanya ihagaze hagati ya sisitemu yo mu mwobo iri mu isanduku ijyanye n'ibisabwa gushushanya.
2.
Mugihe bidashoboka kwemeza igishushanyo mbonera nkibibanza bya datum bitewe nuburyo imiterere yakazi cyangwa uburyo bwo gutunganya, nibindi, birakenewe gusesengura neza no kugenzura amakosa yibibanza. Ikosa ryibibanza ririmo amakosa ya datum hamwe nikosa ryimurwa rya datum. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice gifite imiterere igoye, birashobora kuba ngombwa kubanza gukora imashini ya datum yubufasha. Muri iki gihe, birakenewe kugenzura ikosa ryibibanza murwego rwemewe binyuze muburyo bukwiye bwo gushushanya hamwe nuburyo bwaho kugirango tumenye neza neza. Uburyo nko kunoza ukuri kwibintu biri hamwe no guhuza imiterere yimiterere birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ugabanye ikosa ryaho.
Mugihe bidashoboka kwemeza igishushanyo mbonera nkibibanza bya datum bitewe nuburyo imiterere yakazi cyangwa uburyo bwo gutunganya, nibindi, birakenewe gusesengura neza no kugenzura amakosa yibibanza. Ikosa ryibibanza ririmo amakosa ya datum hamwe nikosa ryimurwa rya datum. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice gifite imiterere igoye, birashobora kuba ngombwa kubanza gukora imashini ya datum yubufasha. Muri iki gihe, birakenewe kugenzura ikosa ryibibanza murwego rwemewe binyuze muburyo bukwiye bwo gushushanya hamwe nuburyo bwaho kugirango tumenye neza neza. Uburyo nko kunoza ukuri kwibintu biri hamwe no guhuza imiterere yimiterere birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ugabanye ikosa ryaho.
3.
Kubikorwa byakazi bigomba gushyirwaho inshuro nyinshi, niba datum kuri buri fixture idahuye, hazashyirwaho amakosa yo guhuriza hamwe, bigira ingaruka kumurimo rusange wakazi. Kubwibyo, datum ikwiye igomba gutoranywa kugirango irangize gutunganya ibice byose byingenzi byukuri bishoboka muburyo bumwe. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice gifite ubuso bwinshi bwuruhande hamwe na sisitemu yimyobo, indege nini nu mwobo ibiri birashobora gukoreshwa nka datum kumurongo umwe kugirango urangize gutunganya ibyinshi mubyobo byindege nindege, hanyuma gutunganya ibindi bice byisumbuye birashobora gukorwa, bishobora kugabanya igihombo cyukuri cyatewe nuburyo bwinshi.
Kubikorwa byakazi bigomba gushyirwaho inshuro nyinshi, niba datum kuri buri fixture idahuye, hazashyirwaho amakosa yo guhuriza hamwe, bigira ingaruka kumurimo rusange wakazi. Kubwibyo, datum ikwiye igomba gutoranywa kugirango irangize gutunganya ibice byose byingenzi byukuri bishoboka muburyo bumwe. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice gifite ubuso bwinshi bwuruhande hamwe na sisitemu yimyobo, indege nini nu mwobo ibiri birashobora gukoreshwa nka datum kumurongo umwe kugirango urangize gutunganya ibyinshi mubyobo byindege nindege, hanyuma gutunganya ibindi bice byisumbuye birashobora gukorwa, bishobora kugabanya igihombo cyukuri cyatewe nuburyo bwinshi.
4. Ibyatoranijwe Byatoranijwe Bikwiye Kwemeza Kurangiza Byinshi Mubikoresho Byimashini zishoboka
Ibi birashobora kugabanya umubare wibikoresho no kunoza imikorere yimashini. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice cyumubiri kizunguruka, guhitamo ubuso bwacyo bwa silindrike yo hanze nkuko datum iherereye ishobora kurangiza ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya nko guhinduranya uruziga rwo hanze, gutunganya urudodo, no gusya inzira mumashanyarazi imwe, birinda guta igihe no kugabanya ukuri guterwa nuburyo bwinshi.
Ibi birashobora kugabanya umubare wibikoresho no kunoza imikorere yimashini. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice cyumubiri kizunguruka, guhitamo ubuso bwacyo bwa silindrike yo hanze nkuko datum iherereye ishobora kurangiza ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya nko guhinduranya uruziga rwo hanze, gutunganya urudodo, no gusya inzira mumashanyarazi imwe, birinda guta igihe no kugabanya ukuri guterwa nuburyo bwinshi.
5.
Mu musaruro wibyiciro, ishyirwaho rya sisitemu yo guhuza ibikorwa ni ngombwa mu gukora imashini zihoraho. Niba ikibanza datum ijyanye nigikoresho cyo gushiraho datum, progaramu ya progaramu na progaramu yo gushiraho ibikoresho birashobora koroshya, kandi amakosa yatewe no guhindura datum arashobora kugabanuka. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya icyiciro cyibisahani bisa nkibice, ibumoso bwibumoso bwigice cyigice gishobora kuba kumwanya uhagaze kumurimo wibikoresho byimashini, kandi iyi ngingo irashobora gukoreshwa nkigikoresho cyo gushiraho datum kugirango ushireho sisitemu yo guhuza ibikorwa. Muri ubu buryo, mugihe cyo gutunganya buri gice, hagomba gukurikizwa gusa gahunda imwe nibikoresho byo gushyiraho ibikoresho, bigateza imbere umusaruro kandi bigahinduka neza.
Mu musaruro wibyiciro, ishyirwaho rya sisitemu yo guhuza ibikorwa ni ngombwa mu gukora imashini zihoraho. Niba ikibanza datum ijyanye nigikoresho cyo gushiraho datum, progaramu ya progaramu na progaramu yo gushiraho ibikoresho birashobora koroshya, kandi amakosa yatewe no guhindura datum arashobora kugabanuka. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya icyiciro cyibisahani bisa nkibice, ibumoso bwibumoso bwigice cyigice gishobora kuba kumwanya uhagaze kumurimo wibikoresho byimashini, kandi iyi ngingo irashobora gukoreshwa nkigikoresho cyo gushiraho datum kugirango ushireho sisitemu yo guhuza ibikorwa. Muri ubu buryo, mugihe cyo gutunganya buri gice, hagomba gukurikizwa gusa gahunda imwe nibikoresho byo gushyiraho ibikoresho, bigateza imbere umusaruro kandi bigahinduka neza.
6. Iyo Ibisabwa Byinshi Bikenewe, Datum igomba guhora mbere na nyuma
Byaba ari ugukora imashini itoroshye cyangwa kurangiza gutunganya, ukoresheje datum ihamye mugihe cyimyanya myinshi irashobora kwemeza isano iri hagati yimikorere itandukanye. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice kinini cyibumba, uhereye kumashini itoroshye kugeza urangije gutunganya, burigihe ukoresheje ubuso bwo gutandukana no gutobora umwobo wububiko nkuko datum ishobora gukora indamunite hagati yimikorere itandukanye yo gutunganya imashini, ikirinda ingaruka kumyizerere nuburinganire bwuburinganire bwububiko buterwa nimpinduka zidasanzwe zatewe nimpinduka za datum.
Byaba ari ugukora imashini itoroshye cyangwa kurangiza gutunganya, ukoresheje datum ihamye mugihe cyimyanya myinshi irashobora kwemeza isano iri hagati yimikorere itandukanye. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice kinini cyibumba, uhereye kumashini itoroshye kugeza urangije gutunganya, burigihe ukoresheje ubuso bwo gutandukana no gutobora umwobo wububiko nkuko datum ishobora gukora indamunite hagati yimikorere itandukanye yo gutunganya imashini, ikirinda ingaruka kumyizerere nuburinganire bwuburinganire bwububiko buterwa nimpinduka zidasanzwe zatewe nimpinduka za datum.
III. Kugena Ibikoresho Mubigo Byimashini
(A) Ibisabwa Byibanze Kubikoresho
1. Uburyo bwa Clamping Mechanism ntibukwiye kugira ingaruka kubiryo, kandi ahakorerwa imashini hagomba gufungurwa
Mugihe utegura uburyo bwo gufatira hamwe, bigomba kwirinda kubangamira inzira yo kugaburira igikoresho. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gusya hamwe na vertike yimashini ihagaritse, ibyuma bifata, amasahani yumuvuduko, nibindi bya fixture ntibigomba guhagarika inzira yimashini isya. Muri icyo gihe, ahantu ho gutunganyiriza hagomba gukorwa ifunguye rishoboka kugirango igikoresho cyo gutema gishobore kwegera neza akazi ko gukata ibikorwa. Kubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byubatswe imbere, nkibice bifite umwobo wimbitse cyangwa umwobo muto, igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kwemeza ko igikoresho cyo gutema gishobora kugera ahakorerwa imashini, hakirindwa aho imashini idashobora gukorwa kubera guhagarika ibice.
Mugihe utegura uburyo bwo gufatira hamwe, bigomba kwirinda kubangamira inzira yo kugaburira igikoresho. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gusya hamwe na vertike yimashini ihagaritse, ibyuma bifata, amasahani yumuvuduko, nibindi bya fixture ntibigomba guhagarika inzira yimashini isya. Muri icyo gihe, ahantu ho gutunganyiriza hagomba gukorwa ifunguye rishoboka kugirango igikoresho cyo gutema gishobore kwegera neza akazi ko gukata ibikorwa. Kubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byubatswe imbere, nkibice bifite umwobo wimbitse cyangwa umwobo muto, igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kwemeza ko igikoresho cyo gutema gishobora kugera ahakorerwa imashini, hakirindwa aho imashini idashobora gukorwa kubera guhagarika ibice.
2. Ibikoresho bigomba gushobora kugera ku cyerekezo cyerekanwe ku gikoresho cyimashini
Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bihagaze neza kandi bigashyirwa kumurimo wikigo cyogukora imashini kugirango hamenyekane neza aho igihangano gikora ugereranije na axe ya coorite ya mashini. Mubisanzwe, urufunguzo rwibibanza, ibipapuro byahantu hamwe nibindi bintu byaho bikoreshwa mugufatanya na T-shusho ya T cyangwa umwobo wibibanza kumurimo wibikoresho byimashini kugirango ugere kubikorwa byerekanwe. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibice bimeze nkibisanduku hamwe na horizontal ya mashini itambitse, urufunguzo rwibibanza hepfo yurwo rugendo rukoreshwa mugufatanya na T-shusho ya T kumurimo wakazi wigikoresho cyimashini kugirango umenye aho urwego ruri mu cyerekezo cya X-axis, hanyuma ibindi bikoresho byaho bikoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane imyanya iri mu cyerekezo cya Y-axis na Z-axis, bityo urebe neza ko imashini ikora neza.
Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bihagaze neza kandi bigashyirwa kumurimo wikigo cyogukora imashini kugirango hamenyekane neza aho igihangano gikora ugereranije na axe ya coorite ya mashini. Mubisanzwe, urufunguzo rwibibanza, ibipapuro byahantu hamwe nibindi bintu byaho bikoreshwa mugufatanya na T-shusho ya T cyangwa umwobo wibibanza kumurimo wibikoresho byimashini kugirango ugere kubikorwa byerekanwe. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibice bimeze nkibisanduku hamwe na horizontal ya mashini itambitse, urufunguzo rwibibanza hepfo yurwo rugendo rukoreshwa mugufatanya na T-shusho ya T kumurimo wakazi wigikoresho cyimashini kugirango umenye aho urwego ruri mu cyerekezo cya X-axis, hanyuma ibindi bikoresho byaho bikoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane imyanya iri mu cyerekezo cya Y-axis na Z-axis, bityo urebe neza ko imashini ikora neza.
3. Gukomera no Guhagarara byimiterere bigomba kuba byiza
Mugihe cyo gutunganya, ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira ibikorwa byo guca ingufu, gukomera hamwe nizindi mbaraga. Niba ubukana bwibikoresho bidahagije, bizahinduka bitewe nimbaraga zizo mbaraga, bigatuma igabanuka ryimikorere yibikorwa. Kurugero, mugihe ukora ibikorwa byihuse byo gusya, imbaraga zo gukata ni nini. Niba ubukana bwibikoresho bidahagije, igihangano kizanyeganyega mugihe cyo gutunganya, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yubuso no muburinganire bwimikorere. Kubwibyo, igikoresho kigomba kuba gikozwe mubikoresho bifite imbaraga zihagije kandi zikomeye, kandi imiterere yabyo igomba kuba yarateguwe neza, nko kongeramo ibyuma no gufata ibyuma byubatswe, kugirango binonosore ubukana kandi bihamye.
Mugihe cyo gutunganya, ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira ibikorwa byo guca ingufu, gukomera hamwe nizindi mbaraga. Niba ubukana bwibikoresho bidahagije, bizahinduka bitewe nimbaraga zizo mbaraga, bigatuma igabanuka ryimikorere yibikorwa. Kurugero, mugihe ukora ibikorwa byihuse byo gusya, imbaraga zo gukata ni nini. Niba ubukana bwibikoresho bidahagije, igihangano kizanyeganyega mugihe cyo gutunganya, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yubuso no muburinganire bwimikorere. Kubwibyo, igikoresho kigomba kuba gikozwe mubikoresho bifite imbaraga zihagije kandi zikomeye, kandi imiterere yabyo igomba kuba yarateguwe neza, nko kongeramo ibyuma no gufata ibyuma byubatswe, kugirango binonosore ubukana kandi bihamye.
(B) Ubwoko busanzwe bwibikoresho
1. Ibikoresho rusange
Ibikoresho rusange bifite akamaro kanini, nkibibi, kugabana imitwe, hamwe na chucks. Vices irashobora gukoreshwa mugutwara ibice bito bito bifite imiterere isanzwe, nka cuboide na silinderi, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mugusya, gucukura no mubindi bikorwa byo gutunganya. Kugabana imitwe birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora indinganizo kumurimo. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibice bifite uburinganire buringaniye, umutwe ugabana urashobora kugenzura neza impande zuzenguruka zakazi kugirango ugere kumashini menshi. Chucks ikoreshwa cyane mugufata ibice byumubiri bizunguruka. Kurugero, muguhindura ibikorwa, bitatu-jaw chucks birashobora guhita byihuta ibice bisa nkibiti kandi birashobora guhita bishyira hagati, byoroshye gukora.
Ibikoresho rusange bifite akamaro kanini, nkibibi, kugabana imitwe, hamwe na chucks. Vices irashobora gukoreshwa mugutwara ibice bito bito bifite imiterere isanzwe, nka cuboide na silinderi, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mugusya, gucukura no mubindi bikorwa byo gutunganya. Kugabana imitwe birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora indinganizo kumurimo. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibice bifite uburinganire buringaniye, umutwe ugabana urashobora kugenzura neza impande zuzenguruka zakazi kugirango ugere kumashini menshi. Chucks ikoreshwa cyane mugufata ibice byumubiri bizunguruka. Kurugero, muguhindura ibikorwa, bitatu-jaw chucks birashobora guhita byihuta ibice bisa nkibiti kandi birashobora guhita bishyira hagati, byoroshye gukora.
2. Ibikoresho bisanzwe
Ibikoresho bya modular bigizwe nurutonde rwibintu bisanzwe kandi bisanzwe. Ibi bintu birashobora guhuzwa muburyo bukurikije imiterere yimirimo itandukanye hamwe nibisabwa byo gutunganya kugirango byubake byihuse ibikoresho bikwiranye numurimo wihariye wo gutunganya. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice gifite imiterere idasanzwe, ibyapa byibanze bikwiye, gushyigikira abanyamuryango, abanyamuryango baho, gufatira abanyamuryango, nibindi birashobora gutoranywa mubitabo byibitabo byububiko hanyuma bigateranirizwa hamwe ukurikije imiterere runaka. Ibyiza byimikorere ya modular nuburyo bworoshye kandi bwongera gukoreshwa, bishobora kugabanya igiciro cyinganda nigihe cyumusaruro wibikoresho, kandi birakwiriye cyane cyane kubigeragezo bishya nibicuruzwa bito.
Ibikoresho bya modular bigizwe nurutonde rwibintu bisanzwe kandi bisanzwe. Ibi bintu birashobora guhuzwa muburyo bukurikije imiterere yimirimo itandukanye hamwe nibisabwa byo gutunganya kugirango byubake byihuse ibikoresho bikwiranye numurimo wihariye wo gutunganya. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice gifite imiterere idasanzwe, ibyapa byibanze bikwiye, gushyigikira abanyamuryango, abanyamuryango baho, gufatira abanyamuryango, nibindi birashobora gutoranywa mubitabo byibitabo byububiko hanyuma bigateranirizwa hamwe ukurikije imiterere runaka. Ibyiza byimikorere ya modular nuburyo bworoshye kandi bwongera gukoreshwa, bishobora kugabanya igiciro cyinganda nigihe cyumusaruro wibikoresho, kandi birakwiriye cyane cyane kubigeragezo bishya nibicuruzwa bito.
3. Ibikoresho byihariye
Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byateguwe kandi bikozwe byumwihariko kubikorwa bimwe cyangwa byinshi bisa. Birashobora guhindurwa ukurikije imiterere yihariye, ingano nuburyo bwo gutunganya ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango bakore neza garanti yo gutunganya neza kandi neza. Kurugero, mugutunganya moteri yimodoka, kubera imiterere igoye hamwe nibisabwa byukuri byahagaritswe, ibikoresho bidasanzwe mubisanzwe byashizweho kugirango harebwe niba imashini ikora neza ya mwobo wa silinderi, indege nibindi bice. Ibibi byimikorere idasanzwe nigiciro kinini cyo gukora hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gushushanya, kandi mubisanzwe birakwiriye kubyara umusaruro munini.
Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byateguwe kandi bikozwe byumwihariko kubikorwa bimwe cyangwa byinshi bisa. Birashobora guhindurwa ukurikije imiterere yihariye, ingano nuburyo bwo gutunganya ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango bakore neza garanti yo gutunganya neza kandi neza. Kurugero, mugutunganya moteri yimodoka, kubera imiterere igoye hamwe nibisabwa byukuri byahagaritswe, ibikoresho bidasanzwe mubisanzwe byashizweho kugirango harebwe niba imashini ikora neza ya mwobo wa silinderi, indege nibindi bice. Ibibi byimikorere idasanzwe nigiciro kinini cyo gukora hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gushushanya, kandi mubisanzwe birakwiriye kubyara umusaruro munini.
4. Ibikoresho bishobora guhinduka
Guhindura ibice ni ihuriro ryimikorere ya modular hamwe nibikoresho bidasanzwe. Ntabwo zifite gusa imiterere yimikorere ya modular gusa ahubwo zirashobora no kwemeza gutunganya neza kurwego runaka. Ibikoresho bishobora guhindurwa birashobora guhuza nogukora ibintu bitandukanye-bingana cyangwa bisa nkibikorwa byakazi muguhindura imyanya yibintu bimwe cyangwa gusimbuza ibice bimwe. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya urukurikirane rwibice bisa nkibice bifite diameter zitandukanye, ibintu bishobora guhinduka birashobora gukoreshwa. Muguhindura imyanya nubunini bwigikoresho gifata, hashobora gufatwa ibice bitandukanye bya diametre, bikazamura igipimo rusange n’imikoreshereze yimikorere.
Guhindura ibice ni ihuriro ryimikorere ya modular hamwe nibikoresho bidasanzwe. Ntabwo zifite gusa imiterere yimikorere ya modular gusa ahubwo zirashobora no kwemeza gutunganya neza kurwego runaka. Ibikoresho bishobora guhindurwa birashobora guhuza nogukora ibintu bitandukanye-bingana cyangwa bisa nkibikorwa byakazi muguhindura imyanya yibintu bimwe cyangwa gusimbuza ibice bimwe. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya urukurikirane rwibice bisa nkibice bifite diameter zitandukanye, ibintu bishobora guhinduka birashobora gukoreshwa. Muguhindura imyanya nubunini bwigikoresho gifata, hashobora gufatwa ibice bitandukanye bya diametre, bikazamura igipimo rusange n’imikoreshereze yimikorere.
5. Ibikoresho byinshi
Ibikoresho byinshi birashobora icyarimwe gufata ibintu byinshi byo gutunganya. Ubu bwoko bwimikorere burashobora kurangiza ibikorwa bimwe cyangwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya kumirimo myinshi murwego rumwe hamwe no gutunganya imashini, kuzamura cyane imikorere yimashini. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibikorwa byo gucukura no gukanda ibice bito, ibice byinshi bya sitasiyo birashobora gufata icyarimwe ibice byinshi. Mugihe kimwe cyakazi, ibikorwa byo gucukura no gukanda kuri buri gice birangirana, bigabanya igihe cyubusa cyibikoresho byimashini no kuzamura umusaruro.
Ibikoresho byinshi birashobora icyarimwe gufata ibintu byinshi byo gutunganya. Ubu bwoko bwimikorere burashobora kurangiza ibikorwa bimwe cyangwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya kumirimo myinshi murwego rumwe hamwe no gutunganya imashini, kuzamura cyane imikorere yimashini. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibikorwa byo gucukura no gukanda ibice bito, ibice byinshi bya sitasiyo birashobora gufata icyarimwe ibice byinshi. Mugihe kimwe cyakazi, ibikorwa byo gucukura no gukanda kuri buri gice birangirana, bigabanya igihe cyubusa cyibikoresho byimashini no kuzamura umusaruro.
6. Imiterere yitsinda
Amatsinda yo mumatsinda akoreshwa muburyo bwo gufata ibihangano bifite ishusho isa, ingano isa nahantu hamwe cyangwa bisa, uburyo bwo gufunga no gutunganya. Bashingiye ku ihame ryikoranabuhanga ryitsinda, gutondekanya ibihangano bisa nibiranga itsinda rimwe, gushushanya imiterere rusange, no guhuza no gutunganya ibihangano bitandukanye mumatsinda muguhindura cyangwa gusimbuza ibintu bimwe na bimwe. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya urukurikirane rwibikoresho bitandukanye-byihariye byerekana ibikoresho, itsinda ryitsinda rirashobora guhindura ahantu hamwe no gufatira ibintu ukurikije impinduka za aperture, diameter yo hanze, nibindi byibikoresho byuma kugirango ugere kubifata no gutunganya imyenda itandukanye, kunoza imiterere nubushobozi bwo gukora neza.
Amatsinda yo mumatsinda akoreshwa muburyo bwo gufata ibihangano bifite ishusho isa, ingano isa nahantu hamwe cyangwa bisa, uburyo bwo gufunga no gutunganya. Bashingiye ku ihame ryikoranabuhanga ryitsinda, gutondekanya ibihangano bisa nibiranga itsinda rimwe, gushushanya imiterere rusange, no guhuza no gutunganya ibihangano bitandukanye mumatsinda muguhindura cyangwa gusimbuza ibintu bimwe na bimwe. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya urukurikirane rwibikoresho bitandukanye-byihariye byerekana ibikoresho, itsinda ryitsinda rirashobora guhindura ahantu hamwe no gufatira ibintu ukurikije impinduka za aperture, diameter yo hanze, nibindi byibikoresho byuma kugirango ugere kubifata no gutunganya imyenda itandukanye, kunoza imiterere nubushobozi bwo gukora neza.
(C) Amahame yo Guhitamo Ibikoresho Mubigo Byimashini
1.Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ko imashini ikora neza kandi ikora neza, ibikoresho rusange bigomba guhitamo.
Ibikoresho rusange bigomba guhitamo bitewe nuburyo bukoreshwa hamwe nigiciro gito mugihe imashini ikora neza kandi ikora neza irashobora guhazwa. Kurugero, kubintu bimwe byoroheje kimwe cyangwa igice gito cyo gutunganya imirimo, ukoresheje ibikoresho rusange nkibibi bishobora kurangiza byihuse guhuza no gutunganya ibihangano byakazi bitabaye ngombwa gushushanya no gukora ibikoresho bigoye.
Ibikoresho rusange bigomba guhitamo bitewe nuburyo bukoreshwa hamwe nigiciro gito mugihe imashini ikora neza kandi ikora neza irashobora guhazwa. Kurugero, kubintu bimwe byoroheje kimwe cyangwa igice gito cyo gutunganya imirimo, ukoresheje ibikoresho rusange nkibibi bishobora kurangiza byihuse guhuza no gutunganya ibihangano byakazi bitabaye ngombwa gushushanya no gukora ibikoresho bigoye.
2. Iyo Gukora Mubice, Byoroheje Byihariye Byihariye
Iyo gutunganya mubice, kugirango tunonosore imikorere yimashini kandi tumenye neza ko imashini ikora neza, ibintu byoroshye bishobora gutekerezwa. Nubwo ibi bikoresho bidasanzwe, imiterere yabyo iroroshye kandi igiciro cyo gukora ntikizaba kinini. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice cyihariye mubice, icyapa kidasanzwe cyumwanya hamwe nigikoresho cyo gufatana birashobora gushushanywa kugirango gifate vuba kandi neza neza igihangano, kunoza umusaruro no kwemeza neza imashini.
Iyo gutunganya mubice, kugirango tunonosore imikorere yimashini kandi tumenye neza ko imashini ikora neza, ibintu byoroshye bishobora gutekerezwa. Nubwo ibi bikoresho bidasanzwe, imiterere yabyo iroroshye kandi igiciro cyo gukora ntikizaba kinini. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice cyihariye mubice, icyapa kidasanzwe cyumwanya hamwe nigikoresho cyo gufatana birashobora gushushanywa kugirango gifate vuba kandi neza neza igihangano, kunoza umusaruro no kwemeza neza imashini.
3.
Mubikorwa byinshi, umusaruro ushimishije nikintu cyingenzi. Ibikoresho byinshi birashobora icyarimwe gutunganya icyarimwe ibikorwa byinshi, bikazamura neza umusaruro. Pneumatike, hydraulic nibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe birashobora gutanga imbaraga zihamye kandi nini cyane zifatika, bigatuma umutekano wakazi uhagarara mugihe cyo gutunganya, kandi ibikorwa byo gufunga no kurekura byihuse, bikarushaho kunoza umusaruro. Kurugero, kumirongo minini yumusaruro wibice byimodoka, ibikoresho byinshi bya sitasiyo hamwe na hydraulic nibikoresho bikoreshwa mugutezimbere umusaruro no gukora neza.
Mubikorwa byinshi, umusaruro ushimishije nikintu cyingenzi. Ibikoresho byinshi birashobora icyarimwe gutunganya icyarimwe ibikorwa byinshi, bikazamura neza umusaruro. Pneumatike, hydraulic nibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe birashobora gutanga imbaraga zihamye kandi nini cyane zifatika, bigatuma umutekano wakazi uhagarara mugihe cyo gutunganya, kandi ibikorwa byo gufunga no kurekura byihuse, bikarushaho kunoza umusaruro. Kurugero, kumirongo minini yumusaruro wibice byimodoka, ibikoresho byinshi bya sitasiyo hamwe na hydraulic nibikoresho bikoreshwa mugutezimbere umusaruro no gukora neza.
4. Iyo wemeye Ikoranabuhanga mu matsinda, Ibikoresho bigomba gukoreshwa
Mugihe ukoresha tekinoroji yitsinda kumashini ikora ifite imiterere nubunini busa, ibice byamatsinda birashobora gukoresha neza inyungu zabo, bikagabanya ubwoko bwibikoresho hamwe nigishushanyo nogukora akazi. Muguhindura muburyo bwiza muburyo bwimikorere yitsinda, barashobora guhuza nibisabwa byo gutunganya ibihangano bitandukanye, bikazamura imikorere nubushobozi bwumusaruro. Kurugero, munganda zikora imashini, mugihe utunganya ubwoko bumwe ariko butandukanye-bwihariye butandukanye nkibice bisa, ukoresheje ibice byamatsinda birashobora kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro no kunoza uburyo bwo gucunga neza umusaruro.
Mugihe ukoresha tekinoroji yitsinda kumashini ikora ifite imiterere nubunini busa, ibice byamatsinda birashobora gukoresha neza inyungu zabo, bikagabanya ubwoko bwibikoresho hamwe nigishushanyo nogukora akazi. Muguhindura muburyo bwiza muburyo bwimikorere yitsinda, barashobora guhuza nibisabwa byo gutunganya ibihangano bitandukanye, bikazamura imikorere nubushobozi bwumusaruro. Kurugero, munganda zikora imashini, mugihe utunganya ubwoko bumwe ariko butandukanye-bwihariye butandukanye nkibice bisa, ukoresheje ibice byamatsinda birashobora kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro no kunoza uburyo bwo gucunga neza umusaruro.
(D) Umwanya mwiza wo guhuza umwanya wakazi kurupapuro rwimashini ikora
Umwanya uhuza ibikorwa byakazi ugomba kwemeza ko uri murwego rwo gutunganya ingendo za buri murongo wigikoresho cyimashini, ukirinda ibihe aho igikoresho cyo gukata kidashobora kugera ahakorerwa imashini cyangwa kugongana nibikoresho byimashini kubera umwanya udakwiye. Muri icyo gihe, uburebure bwigikoresho cyo gukata bugomba gukorwa mugihe gito gishoboka kugirango tunonosore ubukana bwibikoresho byo gutema. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice kinini kimeze nkibisahani, niba igihangano cyashyizwe kumurongo wigikoresho cyimashini ikora, igikoresho cyo gutema gishobora kwaguka cyane mugihe cyo gutunganya ibice bimwe na bimwe, kugabanya ubukana bwigikoresho cyo gutema, byoroshye gutera kunyeganyega no guhindura ibintu, kandi bikagira ingaruka kumikorere yubuziranenge hamwe nubuziranenge bwubuso. Kubwibyo, ukurikije imiterere, ingano nuburyo bwo gutunganya ibisabwa byakazi, umwanya uhuza ugomba guhitamo neza kuburyo igikoresho cyo gutema gishobora kuba mumikorere myiza mugihe cyo gutunganya, kuzamura ubwiza bwimashini no gukora neza.
Umwanya uhuza ibikorwa byakazi ugomba kwemeza ko uri murwego rwo gutunganya ingendo za buri murongo wigikoresho cyimashini, ukirinda ibihe aho igikoresho cyo gukata kidashobora kugera ahakorerwa imashini cyangwa kugongana nibikoresho byimashini kubera umwanya udakwiye. Muri icyo gihe, uburebure bwigikoresho cyo gukata bugomba gukorwa mugihe gito gishoboka kugirango tunonosore ubukana bwibikoresho byo gutema. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya igice kinini kimeze nkibisahani, niba igihangano cyashyizwe kumurongo wigikoresho cyimashini ikora, igikoresho cyo gutema gishobora kwaguka cyane mugihe cyo gutunganya ibice bimwe na bimwe, kugabanya ubukana bwigikoresho cyo gutema, byoroshye gutera kunyeganyega no guhindura ibintu, kandi bikagira ingaruka kumikorere yubuziranenge hamwe nubuziranenge bwubuso. Kubwibyo, ukurikije imiterere, ingano nuburyo bwo gutunganya ibisabwa byakazi, umwanya uhuza ugomba guhitamo neza kuburyo igikoresho cyo gutema gishobora kuba mumikorere myiza mugihe cyo gutunganya, kuzamura ubwiza bwimashini no gukora neza.
IV. Umwanzuro
Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro datum yumwanya wogukora no kugena neza ibikorerwa muri santeri yimashini ni amahuza yingenzi yo kwemeza neza imashini no kunoza umusaruro. Mubikorwa nyirizina byo gutunganya, birakenewe gusobanukirwa neza no gukurikiza ibisabwa n'amahame ya datum yaho, guhitamo ubwoko bwimiterere ikwiranye nibiranga nibisabwa byo gukora, hanyuma ukagena gahunda nziza yo guhuza ukurikije amahame yo guhitamo ibice. Muri icyo gihe, hakwiye kwitabwaho kugirango hongerwe umwanya uhuza ibihangano byakazi ku mashini ikoreshwa kugirango ikoreshe neza ibyiza bihanitse kandi byiza cyane by’ikigo gikora imashini, kugera ku musaruro wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, uhendutse kandi woroshye cyane mu gutunganya imashini, wuzuza ibisabwa bigenda bitandukanywa n’inganda zikora inganda zigezweho, no guteza imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rikora imashini.
Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro datum yumwanya wogukora no kugena neza ibikorerwa muri santeri yimashini ni amahuza yingenzi yo kwemeza neza imashini no kunoza umusaruro. Mubikorwa nyirizina byo gutunganya, birakenewe gusobanukirwa neza no gukurikiza ibisabwa n'amahame ya datum yaho, guhitamo ubwoko bwimiterere ikwiranye nibiranga nibisabwa byo gukora, hanyuma ukagena gahunda nziza yo guhuza ukurikije amahame yo guhitamo ibice. Muri icyo gihe, hakwiye kwitabwaho kugirango hongerwe umwanya uhuza ibihangano byakazi ku mashini ikoreshwa kugirango ikoreshe neza ibyiza bihanitse kandi byiza cyane by’ikigo gikora imashini, kugera ku musaruro wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, uhendutse kandi woroshye cyane mu gutunganya imashini, wuzuza ibisabwa bigenda bitandukanywa n’inganda zikora inganda zigezweho, no guteza imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rikora imashini.
Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gutunganya datum hamwe n’ibikoresho biri mu bigo bitunganya imashini, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’inganda zikora imashini zishobora kunozwa neza. Hashingiwe ku kwemeza ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa, umusaruro urashobora kunozwa, ibiciro by’umusaruro birashobora kugabanuka, kandi inyungu n’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza irashobora gushirwaho ku mishinga. Mu bihe biri imbere byo gutunganya imashini, hamwe nogukomeza kugaragara kwikoranabuhanga rishya nibikoresho bishya, ahakorerwa imashini datum hamwe nibikoresho biri mubigo bikorerwamo imashini nabyo bizakomeza guhanga udushya no kwiteza imbere kugirango bihuze nibisabwa bigoye kandi binini cyane.