Waba uzi amakosa umunani asanzwe ya spindle yikigo gikora imashini hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura?

I. Intangiriro

II. Amakosa asanzwe hamwe nuburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo kuri spindle yimashini

(I) Kunanirwa kuzuza ibisabwa byo gutunganya neza

• Mugihe cyo gutwara, igikoresho cyimashini gishobora gukorerwa ingaruka, zishobora kwangiza neza ibice bigize spindle. Kurugero, umurongo wa spindle urashobora guhinduka, kandi amazu yimyubakire arashobora guhinduka.
• Kwiyubaka ntabwo gushikamye, kwishyiriraho ukuri ni bike, cyangwa hariho impinduka. Urufatiro rutaringanijwe rwibikoresho byimashini, urufunguzo rufunguye, cyangwa impinduka muburyo bwo kwishyiriraho bitewe no gutuza kwishingiro nizindi mpamvu mugihe cyo gukoresha igihe kirekire birashobora kugira ingaruka kumyanya igereranijwe hagati ya spindle nibindi bice, bikaviramo kugabanuka muburyo bwo gutunganya neza.

• Kubikoresho byimashini byagize ingaruka mugihe cyo gutwara abantu, birasabwa kugenzura neza ibice bigize spindle, harimo ibipimo nkibisohoka bya radiyo, kwiruka kwa axial, hamwe na coaxiality ya spindle. Hashingiwe ku bisubizo by'ubugenzuzi, uburyo bukwiye bwo guhindura, nko guhindura ibyangiritse no gukosora amazu yabyaye, byemejwe kugirango bigarure neza. Bibaye ngombwa, abakozi babigize umwuga babungabunga ibikoresho barashobora gutumirwa gusanwa.
• Buri gihe ugenzure imiterere yububiko bwibikoresho bya mashini hanyuma ushimangire urufatiro kugirango umenye neza. Niba hari impinduka muburyo bwo kwishyiriraho zabonetse, ibikoresho-byo gutahura neza-bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango uhindure urwego rwibikoresho bya mashini hamwe nu mwanya ugereranije neza hagati ya spindle nibigize nkibikorwa. Ibikoresho nka laser interferometero birashobora gukoreshwa mugupima neza no guhinduka.

(II) Kunyeganyega gukabije

• Imiyoboro ihuza agasanduku ka spindle nigitanda irekuye, bigabanya ubukana bwihuza hagati yisanduku ya spindle nigitanda kandi bigatuma ihindagurika bitewe nigikorwa cyo guca ingufu.
• Imbere yo kwifata ntabwo ihagije, kandi gusiba ni binini cyane, bigatuma ibyuma bidashobora gushyigikira neza uruziga mugihe cyo gukora, bigatuma uruziga runyeganyega bityo bigatera guhindagurika.
• Imyunyu ngugu ya preload irekuye, itera uruziga rugenda rwikurikiranya kandi rwangiza neza kuzenguruka kwizunguruka, hanyuma biganisha ku kunyeganyega.
• Ibyuma byatsinzwe cyangwa byangiritse, bikavamo ubushyamirane butaringaniye hagati yikintu kizunguruka ninzira nyabagendwa kandi bikabyara kunyeganyega bidasanzwe.
• Spindle hamwe nagasanduku ntibishobora kwihanganira. Kurugero, niba silindrike cyangwa coaxiality ya spindle itujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, cyangwa ubunyangamugayo bwimyenda yo kwishyiriraho mumasanduku irakennye, bizagira ingaruka kumuzunguruko wa spindle kandi biganisha ku kunyeganyega.
• Ibindi bintu, nko kwambara ibikoresho bitaringaniye, ibipimo byo guca bidafite ishingiro (nkumuvuduko ukabije wo kugabanya, kugaburira ibiryo birenze urugero, nibindi), hamwe no gufunga ibihangano bidakabije, nabyo bishobora gutera guhinda umushyitsi.
• Mugihe cyumusarani, ibice byimuka byigikoresho cya tarret birashobora kuba birekuye cyangwa igitutu cyo gufunga gishobora kuba kidahagije kandi ntigikomere neza. Mugihe cyo gukata, ihungabana ryabafite ibikoresho bizashyikirizwa sisitemu ya spindle, bitera kunyeganyega.

• Reba imigozi ihuza agasanduku ka spindle nigitanda. Niba zidohotse, uzikomereze igihe kugirango urebe neza ko uhuza kandi utezimbere muri rusange.
• Hindura ibanzirizasuzuma. Ukurikije ubwoko bwibikoresho hamwe nibisabwa nigikoresho cyimashini, koresha uburyo bukwiye bwo kubanziriza, nko guhinduranya ibinyomoro cyangwa gukoresha progaramu ibanziriza isoko, kugirango ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bigere ku ntera ikwiye kandi urebe neza ko inkunga ihamye.
• Reba kandi ushimangire ibinyomoro bya preload kugirango wirinde kuzunguruka. Niba ibinyomoro byangiritse, bisimbuze igihe.
• Mugihe habaye amanota yangiritse cyangwa yangiritse, gusenya spindle, gusimbuza ibyuma byangiritse, hanyuma usukure kandi ugenzure ibice bijyanye kugirango hatabaho umwanda.
• Menya neza neza uruziga hamwe nagasanduku. Kubice bitihanganirwa, uburyo bwo gusya no gusiba burashobora gukoreshwa mugusana kugirango habeho ubufatanye bwiza hagati ya spindle nagasanduku.
• Reba uko ibikoresho byambara hanyuma usimbuze ibikoresho byambarwa cyane mugihe gikwiye. Hindura uburyo bwo guca ibice uhitamo umuvuduko ukwiye wo kugabanya, igipimo cyo kugaburira, hamwe no guca ubujyakuzimu bushingiye kubintu nkibikoresho byakazi, ibikoresho by ibikoresho, nibikorwa byimashini. Menya neza ko igihangano cyafashwe neza kandi cyizewe. Kubibazo hamwe na tarret igikoresho gifata umusarani, reba ihuza ryimiterere yibice byimuka hanyuma uhindure igitutu cya clamping kugirango gishoboze gufunga ibikoresho neza.

(III) Urusaku rwinshi mu gasanduku ka Spindle

• Impuzandengo yingirakamaro yibice bya spindle irakennye, itanga imbaraga zingana na centrifugal mugihe cyo kuzunguruka byihuse, bitera kunyeganyega n urusaku. Ibi birashobora guterwa no gukwirakwiza kwinshi kubice byashyizwe kuri spindle (nkibikoresho, chucks, pulleys, nibindi), cyangwa uburinganire bwimikorere yibice bya spindle bihungabana mugihe cyo guterana.
• Gushiraho ibikoresho bya gare ntibingana cyangwa byangiritse cyane. Iyo ibyuma bishya, ingaruka n urusaku bizabyara. Mugihe cyo kumara igihe kirekire, gusiba ibikoresho bishobora guhinduka bitewe no kwambara, umunaniro, nizindi mpamvu, cyangwa hejuru yinyo irashobora kugira ibinure, gucika, nibindi byangiritse.
• Imyenda yangiritse cyangwa ibinyabiziga bigendagenda. Ibyangiritse byangiritse bizatera spindle gukora idahwitse kandi bitange urusaku. Imashini igoramye iganisha kuri eccentricité mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, gutera kunyeganyega n urusaku.
• Uburebure bwimikandara yo gutwara ntibuhuye cyangwa burarekuye cyane, bigatuma imikandara yimodoka ihinda umushyitsi kandi ikanasiba mugihe ikora, ikabyara urusaku kandi ikanagira ingaruka kumikorere no kwanduza umuvuduko wa spindle.
• Ibikoresho byukuri birakennye. Kurugero, niba amenyo yumwirondoro wikosa, ikosa ryikibanza, nibindi binini, bizavamo ibikoresho bibi byo gusya no kubyara urusaku.
• Gusiga nabi. Mugihe habuze amavuta ahagije yo gusiga cyangwa mugihe amavuta yo kwisiga yangiritse, guterana kwibintu nkibikoresho byuma na bombo mumasanduku ya spindle biriyongera, bigatuma byoroha kubyara urusaku no kwihutisha kwambara.

• Kora imbaraga zingana gutahura no gukosora ibice bya spindle. Ikizamini kiringaniza kirashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye spindle nibice bifitanye isano. Kubice bifite imbaga nini itaringanijwe, harashobora guhinduka mugukuraho ibikoresho (nko gucukura, gusya, nibindi) cyangwa kongeramo uburemere kugirango ibice bya spindle byuzuze ibisabwa byingirakamaro.
• Reba uko meshing imeze. Kubikoresho bifite ibyuma bisobekeranye, ikibazo kirashobora gukemurwa muguhindura intera hagati ya gare cyangwa gusimbuza ibyuma byambaye cyane. Kubikoresho bifite amenyo yangiritse, ubisimbuze mugihe kugirango umenye neza ibikoresho.
• Reba imiyoboro hamwe na shitingi. Niba ibyuma byangiritse, ubisimbuze nibindi bishya. Kubikoresho bigoramye, birashobora kugororwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugorora. Niba kunama bikabije, simbuza shitingi.
• Hindura cyangwa usimbuze imikandara yo gutwara kugirango uburebure bwayo buhoraho kandi impagarara zikwiye. Umuvuduko ukwiye wimikandara ya disikuru urashobora kugerwaho muguhindura ibikoresho byo gukenyera umukandara, nkumwanya wa pulley.
• Kubibazo byuburyo buke bwibikoresho, niba byashizwemo ibikoresho bishya kandi ubunyangamugayo budahuye nibisabwa, ubisimbuze ibyuma byujuje ibisabwa. Niba ubunyangamugayo bugabanutse kubera kwambara mugihe cyo gukoresha, gusana cyangwa kubisimbuza ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze.
• Reba uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta agasanduku ka spindle kugirango umenye neza ko amavuta yo gusiga ahagije kandi ubuziranenge ni bwiza. Buri gihe usimbuze amavuta yo gusiga, sukura imiyoboro yo gusiga hamwe nayunguruzo kugirango wirinde umwanda guhagarika inzira zamavuta kandi urebe neza amavuta yibigize byose.

(IV) Kwangirika kw'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho

• Umuvuduko wo guhinduranya ni mwinshi cyane, utera ibyuma byangizwa ningaruka. Mugihe cyo guhindura umuvuduko wigikoresho cyimashini, niba umuvuduko wo guhinduranya ari mwinshi cyane, ibyuma bizana imbaraga zingaruka nyinshi mugihe cyo guswera, byoroshye kwangirika kwangirika kumenyo yinyo, kuvunika kumizi yinyo, nibindi bihe.
• Uburyo bwo guhinduranya bwangiritse cyangwa ibipapuro byo gukosora bigwa, bigatuma inzira yo guhinduranya idasanzwe kandi ihungabanya umubano wa meshing hagati ya gare, bityo bikangiza ibyuma. Kurugero, guhindura no kwambara byimyanya ihindagurika, kuvunika kwa pin ikosora, nibindi bizagira ingaruka kumyizerere no guhagarara kwimuka.
• Imbere yo kwishyiriraho ni nini cyane cyangwa ntamavuta. Preload irenze urugero itera kwikorera imitwaro irenze urugero, byihuta kwambara numunaniro wibitereko. Hatabayeho gusiga amavuta, ibyuma bizakora muburyo bwumye, bikavamo ubushyuhe bwinshi, gutwikwa, no kwangiza imipira cyangwa inzira nyabagendwa.

• Reba uburyo bwo guhinduranya igitutu sisitemu hanyuma uhindure igitutu cyo guhinduranya kurwego rukwiye. Ibi birashobora kugerwaho muguhindura umuvuduko wumuvuduko wa sisitemu ya hydraulic cyangwa ibikoresho byo guhindura umuvuduko wa sisitemu ya pneumatike. Muri icyo gihe, reba uburyo bwo kugenzura imiyoboro ihindagurika hamwe na valve ya solenoid hamwe nibindi bice kugirango umenye neza ko ibimenyetso byimuka ari ukuri kandi ibikorwa bigenda neza, wirinde ingaruka zikoreshwa cyane kubera guhinduranya bidasanzwe.
• Kugenzura no gusana uburyo bwo guhinduranya, gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ibyangiritse byangiritse, gutunganya pin, nibindi bice kugirango umenye imikorere isanzwe yuburyo bwo guhinduranya. Mugihe cyo guterana, menya neza ibyashizweho kandi bihuze buri kintu cyose.
• Hindura ibanzirizasuzuma. Ukurikije ibisabwa bya tekinike yububiko hamwe nuburyo akazi gakoreshwa nigikoresho cyimashini, koresha uburyo bukwiye bwo kubanziriza hamwe nubunini bukwiye bwa preload. Muri icyo gihe, komeza imicungire yo gusiga amavuta, kugenzura buri gihe no kongeramo amavuta yo kwisiga kugirango umenye neza ko amavuta ahoraho neza. Kubyangiritse byangiritse kubera gusiga nabi, nyuma yo kubisimbuza ibyuma bishya, sukura neza sisitemu yo gusiga kugirango wirinde umwanda kongera kwinjira.

(V) Kudashobora kuzunguruka guhindura umuvuduko

• Niba ibimenyetso byo guhinduranya amashanyarazi bisohoka. Niba hari ikosa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi, ntishobora kohereza ibimenyetso byukuri byo guhinduranya, bikaviramo kudashobora kuzenguruka gukora ibikorwa byo guhindura umuvuduko. Kurugero, kunanirwa kwerekanwa mumuzunguruko, amakosa muri gahunda ya PLC, hamwe nimikorere mibi ya sensor byose bishobora kugira ingaruka kumusaruro wikimenyetso.
• Niba igitutu gihagije. Kuri sisitemu yo guhindura umuvuduko wa hydraulic cyangwa pneumatike, niba igitutu kidahagije, ntishobora gutanga imbaraga zihagije zo gutwara ingendo yimikorere yo guhindura umuvuduko, bigatuma spindle idashobora guhindura umuvuduko. Umuvuduko udahagije urashobora guterwa no kunanirwa kwa pompe hydraulic cyangwa pompe pneumatike, kumeneka kw'imiyoboro, guhindura nabi imiyoboro yumuvuduko, nizindi mpamvu.
• Guhindura hydraulic silinderi yambarwa cyangwa igafatwa, bigatuma silindiri hydraulic idashobora gukora mubisanzwe kandi ntishobora gusunika ibyuma bihindura umuvuduko cyangwa ibifunga nibindi bice kugirango ikore igikorwa cyo guhindura umuvuduko. Ibi birashobora guterwa no kwangirika kashe yimbere ya silindiri ya hydraulic, kwambara cyane hagati ya piston na barri ya silinderi, hamwe n umwanda winjira muri silindiri hydraulic.
• Guhinduranya solenoid valve irakomeye, ikabuza valve ya solenoid guhindura icyerekezo gisanzwe, bigatuma amavuta ya hydraulic cyangwa umwuka uhumeka adashobora gutembera munzira yagenwe, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumikorere yuburyo bwo guhindura umuvuduko. Umuyoboro wa solenoid wafashwe urashobora guterwa ninturusu ya valve yagumishijwe numwanda, kwangirika kwingingo ya solenoid, nizindi mpamvu.
• Guhinduranya amashanyarazi ya hydraulic ya silinderi iragwa, bigatuma ihuriro riri hagati ya silindiri hydraulic hamwe nibikoresho byo guhindura umuvuduko birananirana kandi ntibishobora kohereza ingufu kugirango bihindurwe. Agace kaguye gashobora guterwa no gukosorwa gukomeye kwakabuto, kwambara no kuvunika kwakabuto, nizindi mpamvu.
• Guhinduranya hydraulic silinderi isohora amavuta cyangwa ikagira imbere imbere, bikagabanya umuvuduko wakazi wa silindiri ya hydraulic kandi ntishobora gutanga imbaraga zihagije zo kurangiza ibikorwa byo guhindura umuvuduko. Kumeneka kw'amavuta cyangwa kumeneka imbere bishobora guterwa no gusaza kwa kashe ya hydraulic hydraulic, gusiba cyane hagati ya piston na barri ya silinderi, nizindi mpamvu.
• Guhinduranya ibice byahinduye imikorere mibi. Guhindura ibice bikoreshwa mukumenya ibimenyetso nkukumenya niba impinduka yihuta yarangiye. Niba imikorere idahwitse, bizatera sisitemu yo kugenzura kudashobora gucira urubanza neza imiterere ihindagurika ryumuvuduko, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumikorere ihinduka ryihuta cyangwa imikorere yigikoresho cyimashini.

• Reba sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi. Koresha ibikoresho nka multimetero na oscilloscopes kugirango umenye imirongo isohoka yikimenyetso gihinduranya hamwe nibice byamashanyarazi bijyanye. Niba kunanirwa kwerekanwa byabonetse, simbuza. Niba hari ikosa muri gahunda ya PLC, gukuramo no kuyihindura. Niba sensor idakora neza, iyisimbuze iyindi nshyashya kugirango urebe ko ibimenyetso byimuka bishobora gusohoka mubisanzwe.
• Reba umuvuduko wa sisitemu ya hydraulic cyangwa pneumatike. Kumuvuduko udahagije, banza urebe uko akazi ka pompe hydraulic cyangwa pompe pneumatike bihagaze. Niba hari kunanirwa, gusana cyangwa kuyisimbuza. Reba niba hari imiyoboro yamenetse. Niba hari ibimeneka, sana mugihe. Hindura igitutu cyumuvuduko kugirango sisitemu ya sisitemu igere ku giciro cyagenwe.
• Kubibazo bya silindiri ya hydraulic ihindagurika yambarwa cyangwa igafatwa, gusenya silindiri ya hydraulic, genzura uko imyambarire yimbere yimbere, piston, na barriel ya silinderi, gusimbuza kashe yangiritse, gusana cyangwa gusimbuza piston yambarwa hamwe na silinderi, gusukura imbere muri silindiri ya hydraulic, no gukuraho umwanda.
• Reba kwimura solenoid valve. Niba intandaro ya valve ifashwe numwanda, gusenya no guhanagura solenoid valve kugirango ukureho umwanda. Niba colen ya solenoid yangiritse, iyisimbuze igiceri gishya kugirango urebe ko solenoid valve ishobora guhindura icyerekezo mubisanzwe.
• Reba uburyo bwo guhinduranya hydraulic silinderi. Niba agafuni kaguye, ongera ushyireho kandi ushimangire ibimera. Niba ikibanza cyambarwa cyangwa cyacitse, usimbuze icyuma gishya kugirango wemeze isano yizewe hagati yikibanza nibikoresho byihuta.
• Kemura ikibazo cyamavuta yamenetse cyangwa imbere yimbere ya silindiri hydraulic ihindagurika. Simbuza kashe ishaje, uhindure neza hagati ya piston na barri ya silinderi. Uburyo nko gusimbuza piston cyangwa silinderi ingero nubunini bukwiye no kongera umubare wa kashe birashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere kashe ya hydraulic.
• Reba uburyo bwo guhinduranya ibintu. Koresha ibikoresho nka multimetero kugirango umenye imiterere-yimikorere. Niba imikorere idahwitse, iyisimbuze nubundi buryo bushya kugirango urebe neza ko ishobora kumenya neza uko ihinduka ryihuta kandi igaburira ibimenyetso byukuri kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura.

(VI) Kunanirwa kwa Spindle kuzunguruka

• Niba spindle rotation command isohoka. Bisa nubushobozi buke bwa spindle kugirango ihindure umuvuduko, ikosa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi irashobora gutuma udashobora gusohora itegeko rya rotle rotation, bigatuma spindle idashobora gutangira.
• Kurinda kurinda ntabwo gukanda cyangwa gukora nabi. Ibigo bikora imashini mubisanzwe bifite uburyo bwo gukingira, nka spindle agasanduku k'urugi, igikoresho gifata ibyuma byerekana, n'ibindi. Niba izo sisitemu zidakanda cyangwa zidakora neza, kubwimpamvu z'umutekano, igikoresho cyimashini kizabuza kuzunguruka kuzunguruka.
• Chuck ntabwo ifata urupapuro rwakazi. Mubisarani bimwe cyangwa ibigo bitunganya imashini hamwe na chucks, niba chuck idafunze igihangano cyakazi, sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho byimashini bizagabanya kuzenguruka kwa spindle kugirango ibuze igihangano kidasohoka mugihe cyo gutunganya no guteza akaga.
• Guhinduranya ibice byangiritse byangiritse. Imikorere mibi yo guhinduranya ibice bishobora guhindura ihererekanyabubasha ryerekana ibimenyetso bya spindle cyangwa kumenya imiterere ya spindle ikora, bikaviramo kutabasha kuzunguruka bisanzwe.
• Hariho kumeneka imbere mumashanyarazi ya solenoid, bizatuma umuvuduko wa sisitemu yo guhindura umuvuduko udahinduka cyangwa udashobora gushyiraho umuvuduko usanzwe, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumuzunguruko. Kurugero, muri sisitemu yo guhindura umuvuduko wa hydraulic, kumeneka kwa valve solenoid birashobora gutuma amavuta ya hydraulic adashobora gusunika neza ibice nkibifunga cyangwa ibikoresho, bigatuma spindle idashobora kubona ingufu.

• Reba ibisohoka kumurongo wa spindle rotation command muri sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi nibice bifitanye isano. Niba hari ikosa ryabonetse, gusana cyangwa kubisimbuza mugihe kugirango umenye neza ko itegeko rya spindle rotation rishobora gusohoka mubisanzwe.
• Reba uko ibintu byifashe kurinda kugirango urebe ko bikanda bisanzwe. Kuburyo bwo kurinda imikorere idahwitse, gusana cyangwa kubisimbuza kugirango umenye neza ko ibikorwa byo kurinda umutekano wigikoresho cyimashini ari ibisanzwe bitabangamiye itangira risanzwe rya spindle.
• Reba uko ibintu byifashe kuri chuck kugirango umenye neza ko igihangano cyafashwe neza. Niba hari amakosa kuri chuck, nkingufu zidahagije zo kwambika cyangwa kwambara urwasaya, gusana cyangwa gusimbuza igikoma mugihe kugirango bikore bisanzwe.
• Reba uburyo bwo guhinduranya ibintu. Niba byangiritse, usimbuze ikindi gishya kugirango wemeze kwanduza bisanzwe ibimenyetso bya spindle gutangira no kumenya neza leta ikora.
• Reba uko ibintu bimeneka byimuka ya solenoid valve. Uburyo nko gupima igitutu no kureba niba hari amavuta yamenetse hafi ya valve solenoid arashobora gukoreshwa mugucira urubanza. Kububiko bwa solenoid hamwe no kumeneka, gusenya, gusukura, kugenzura intoki ya kashe na kashe, gusimbuza kashe yangiritse cyangwa solenoid yose kugirango urebe neza imikorere ya kashe hamwe numuvuduko uhamye wa sisitemu yo guhindura umuvuduko.

(VII) Ubushyuhe bukabije

• Imbere yimyenda ya spindle nini cyane, yongerera imbere imbere yimbere kandi itanga ubushyuhe bukabije, bikaviramo ubushyuhe bukabije. Ibi birashobora guterwa nigikorwa kidakwiye mugihe cyo guterana cyangwa guhindura imiterere ya preload cyangwa gukoresha uburyo budakwiriye bwo kubanziriza hamwe nubunini bwa preload.
• Imyenda yatanzwe cyangwa yangiritse. Mugihe cyakazi, ibyuma bishobora gutangwa cyangwa kwangirika bitewe no gusiga nabi, kurenza urugero, ibintu byinjira hanze, nibindi. Muri iki gihe, guterana kwinshi biziyongera cyane, bibyara ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bitume spindle ishyuha.
• Amavuta yo kwisiga yanduye cyangwa arimo umwanda. Amavuta yo kwisiga yanduye azongera coeffisiyoneri yo guterana hagati yimyenda nibindi bice byimuka, bigabanye ingaruka zo gusiga. Hagati aho, umwanda urashobora