Waba uzi ibibazo bisanzwe hamwe nigisubizo cyo gutunganya umwobo wimbitse wo gutema ibikoresho byo gukata?

“Ibibazo Rusange hamwe nigisubizo cyibikoresho byimbitse byo gutema ibikoresho byo gutema”

1. Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbere cya reamer nini cyane cyangwa hariho burrs kumpera ya reamer.
2. Umuvuduko wo gukata ni mwinshi.
3. Igipimo cyibiryo ntigikwiye cyangwa amafaranga yo gutunganya ni menshi cyane.
4. Inguni nyamukuru yo gutandukana ya reamer nini cyane.
5. Reamer irunamye.
6. Hano hari impande zubatswe zifatanije no gukata reamer.
7. Kurangiza reamer guca mugihe cyo gusya birenze kwihanganira.
8. Amazi yo gukata yatoranijwe nabi.
9. Iyo ushyizeho reamer, irangi ryamavuta hejuru ya taper shank ntabwo ryahanaguwe neza cyangwa hari dente hejuru ya taper.
10. Nyuma yumurizo uringaniye wa taper shank idahuye kandi igashyirwa mubikoresho bya mashini spindle, taper shank na taper birabangamira.
11. Uruziga rwunamye cyangwa uruziga rwarekuye cyangwa rwangiritse.
12. Kureremba kwa reamer ntabwo byoroshye.
13. Iyo intoki zongeye gukoreshwa, imbaraga zikoreshwa namaboko yombi ntabwo zisa, bigatuma reamer ihindagurika ibumoso niburyo.
    (B) Ibisubizo
14. Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze, gabanya neza diameter yo hanze ya reamer kugirango umenye neza ko igikoresho cyujuje ibisabwa. Mbere yo gutunganya, genzura witonze reamer hanyuma ukureho burr kuruhande kugirango umenye neza igikoresho.
15. Mugabanye umuvuduko wo guca. Kwihuta gukabije bizaganisha ku kwambara ibikoresho, diameter yagutse, nibindi bibazo. Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gutunganya hamwe nubwoko bwibikoresho, hitamo umuvuduko ukwiye kugirango utunganyirize ubuziranenge hamwe nubuzima bwibikoresho.
16. Hindura neza igipimo cyibiryo cyangwa kugabanya amafaranga yo gukora. Igipimo cyibiryo birenze urugero cyangwa amafaranga yo gutunganya bizongera imbaraga zo guca, bivamo umwobo munini wa diameter. Muguhindura muburyo bwiza ibipimo byo gutunganya, diameter yumwobo irashobora kugenzurwa neza.
17. Mugabanye muburyo bukwiye inguni nyamukuru. Inguni nini cyane yo gutandukana izatera imbaraga zo gukata kwibanda kuruhande rumwe rwigikoresho, byoroshye kuganisha kumurambararo munini wa diameter no kwambara ibikoresho. Ukurikije ibisabwa gutunganywa, hitamo inguni nyamukuru ihindagurika kugirango utezimbere gutunganya neza nubuzima bwibikoresho.
18. Kuri reamer yunamye, igorora cyangwa uyisibe. Igikoresho kigoramye ntigishobora kwemeza gutunganya neza kandi gishobora no kwangiza igihangano cyakazi nigikoresho cyimashini.
19. Witonze wambare inkombe ya reamer ukoresheje ibuye ryamavuta kugirango ukureho impande zubatswe kandi urebe neza ko gukata byoroshye kandi biringaniye. Kubaho kwimpande zubatswe bizagira ingaruka ku gukata kandi biganisha kuri diametre idahindagurika.
20. Igenzura imikoreshereze ya reamer ikata mugihe cyo gusya murwego rwemewe. Kurenza urugero bizatera igikoresho kunyeganyega mugihe cyo gutunganya kandi bigira ingaruka kubikorwa byukuri.
21. Hitamo amazi yo gukata hamwe nibikorwa byiza byo gukonjesha. Amazi meza yo gukata arashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya, kugabanya kwambara ibikoresho, no kuzamura ubwiza bwubutaka. Ukurikije ibikoresho byo gutunganya no gutunganya ibisabwa, hitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwo gukata amazi hamwe nibitekerezo.
22. Mbere yo gushiraho reamer, amavuta yanduye imbere muri taper shank ya reamer hamwe nu mwobo wa taper wibikoresho bya mashini bigomba guhanagurwa neza. Aho hari dente hejuru ya taper, iyambare ibuye ryamavuta. Menya neza ko igikoresho cyashizweho neza kandi neza kugirango wirinde ibibazo byo gutunganya biterwa no kwishyiriraho nabi.
23. Gusya umurizo uringaniye wa reamer kugirango umenye neza niba ibikoresho bya mashini bizunguruka. Umurizo uringaniye uzatera igikoresho kudahagarara mugihe cyo gutunganya kandi bigira ingaruka kubikorwa byukuri.
24. Hindura cyangwa usimbuze icyuma kizunguruka. Kuzunguruka cyangwa kwangirika kwizunguruka bizaganisha ku kugoreka bityo bigire ingaruka kubikorwa bitunganijwe. Buri gihe ugenzure uko ibintu byifashe hanyuma uhindure cyangwa ubisimbuze mugihe.
25. Ongera uhindure igikoma kireremba hanyuma uhindure coaxiality. Menya neza ko reamer ihuriweho nakazi kugirango wirinde umwobo munini wa diameter no gutunganya ibibazo byubuziranenge bwubutaka biterwa no kudahuza.
26. Mugihe cyo gusubiramo intoki, witondere gukoresha imbaraga zingana n'amaboko yombi kugirango wirinde reamer ihindagurika ibumoso n'iburyo. Uburyo bukwiye bwo gukora burashobora kunoza gutunganya neza nubuzima bwibikoresho.

1. Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbere cya reamer ni gito cyane.
2. Umuvuduko wo guca ni muto cyane.
3. Igipimo cyo kugaburira ni kinini cyane.
4. Inguni nyamukuru yo gutandukana ya reamer ni nto cyane.
5. Amazi yo gukata yatoranijwe nabi.
6. Mugihe cyo gusya, igice cyambarwa cya reamer ntabwo gihagaze neza, kandi gukira kwa elastike kugabanya umwobo wa diameter.
7. Iyo usubiramo ibice byibyuma, niba amafaranga ari manini cyane cyangwa reamer ntabwo ityaye, gukira byoroshye birashobora kubaho, bikagabanya umwobo wa diameter.
8. Umwobo w'imbere ntabwo uzengurutse, kandi umwobo wa diameter ntujuje ibisabwa.
   (B) Ibisubizo
9. Simbuza diameter yo hanze ya reamer kugirango umenye neza ko igikoresho cyujuje ibisabwa. Mbere yo gutunganya, gupima no kugenzura reamer hanyuma uhitemo ubunini bwibikoresho.
10. Kongera muburyo bukwiye umuvuduko wo guca. Umuvuduko muke cyane uzaganisha ku gutunganya neza no kugabanya umwobo wa diameter. Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gutunganya nubwoko bwibikoresho, hitamo umuvuduko ukwiye.
11. Mugabanye neza igipimo cyibiryo. Igipimo cyibiryo cyinshi bizongera imbaraga zo guca, bigatuma umwobo ugabanuka. Muguhindura muburyo bwiza ibipimo byo gutunganya, diameter yumwobo irashobora kugenzurwa neza.
12. Wongere muburyo bukwiye inguni nyamukuru. Inguni ntoya cyane yo gutandukana izatera imbaraga zo gukata gutatana, byoroshye kugabanura umwobo wa diameter. Ukurikije ibisabwa gutunganywa, hitamo inguni nyamukuru ihindagurika kugirango utezimbere gutunganya neza nubuzima bwibikoresho.
13. Hitamo amavuta yo gukata amavuta hamwe nibikorwa byiza byo gusiga. Amazi meza yo gukata arashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya, kugabanya kwambara ibikoresho, no kuzamura ubwiza bwubutaka. Ukurikije ibikoresho byo gutunganya no gutunganya ibisabwa, hitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwo gukata amazi hamwe nibitekerezo.
14. Guhinduranya buri gihe reamer hanyuma ugasya neza igice cyo gukata reamer. Kuraho igice cyambarwa mugihe kugirango umenye neza kandi neza neza igikoresho.
15. Mugihe cyo gushushanya ingano ya reamer, hagomba gutekerezwa ibintu nko kugarura ibintu byoroshye byimashini, cyangwa indangagaciro zigomba gufatwa ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze. Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gutunganya nibisabwa gutunganywa, shushanya muburyo bunini bwibikoresho nibikoresho byo gutunganya.
16. Kora igeragezwa, fata amafaranga akwiye, hanyuma usya reamer ityaye. Binyuze mu kugabanya ibigeragezo, menya uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya nibikoresho kugirango umenye neza gutunganya.

1. Reamer ni ndende cyane, idafite ubukana, kandi iranyeganyega mugihe cyo gusubiramo.
2. Inguni nyamukuru yo gutandukana ya reamer ni nto cyane.
3. Gukata inkingi ya reamer iragufi.
4. Amafaranga yo gusubiramo ni menshi cyane.
5. Hano hari icyuho nu mwobo wambukiranya umwobo w'imbere.
6. Hano hari umwobo wumucanga nu byobo hejuru yumwobo.
7. Imyenda ya spindle irekuye, nta ntoki iyobora, cyangwa ikibanza gikwiye hagati ya reamer n'ikiganza kiyobora ni kinini cyane.
8. Bitewe nuruzitiro ruto rufite uruzitiro rufunze cyane, igihangano kirahinduka nyuma yo kuvanwaho.
   (B) Ibisubizo
9. Kuri reamer ifite ubukana budahagije, reamer ifite ikibanza kingana irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere igikoresho. Mugihe kimwe, kwishyiriraho reamer bigomba gukoresha umurongo uhamye kugirango ugabanye kunyeganyega.
10. Ongera inguni nyamukuru. Inguni ntoya cyane izenguruka izatera imbaraga zo gukata gutatana, byoroshye biganisha ku mwobo w'imbere. Ukurikije ibisabwa gutunganywa, hitamo inguni nyamukuru ihindagurika kugirango utezimbere gutunganya neza nubuzima bwibikoresho.
11. Hitamo reamer yujuje ibyangombwa hanyuma ugenzure umwobo wihanganira inzira yo gutunganya. Menya neza ubwiza nukuri kuri reamer. Muri icyo gihe, igenzure cyane kwihanganira umwanya wimyanya murwego rwo kubanza gukora kugirango utange umusingi mwiza wo gusubiramo.
12. Koresha reamer ifite ikibanza kitaringaniye hamwe nigihe kirekire kandi cyuzuye cyo kuyobora. Reamer ifite ikibanza kitaringaniye irashobora kugabanya kunyeganyega, kandi amaboko maremare kandi asobanutse neza arashobora kuyobora neza umurongo ngenderwaho wa reamer, bityo ukemeza kuzenguruka umwobo w'imbere.
13. Hitamo icyuho cyujuje ibisabwa kugirango wirinde inenge nkibyuho, umwobo wambukiranya, umwobo wumucanga, hamwe nu byobo hejuru yumwobo wimbere. Mbere yo gutunganya, genzura no kwerekana ibitagaragara kugirango umenye neza ko ubuziranenge bwujuje ibisabwa.
14. Hindura cyangwa usimbuze uruziga kugira ngo umenye neza niba uruziga ruhagaze neza. Kubibazo bidafite amaboko yo kuyobora, shyiramo akaboko kayobora kandi ugenzure neza neza hagati ya reamer nuyobora.
15. Kubikorwa byuruzitiro ruto, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga kugirango ugabanye imbaraga zifata kandi wirinde guhindura imikorere. Mugihe cyo gutunganya, witondere kugenzura ibipimo byo gutunganya kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zo gukata imbaraga kumurimo.

1. Amafaranga yo gusubiramo cyane.
2. Inguni yinyuma yo gukata igice cya reamer nini cyane.
3. Gukata umurongo wa reamer ni mugari cyane.
4. Hano hari imyenge n'umwobo hejuru yumurimo.
5. Kurenza urugero.
   (B) Ibisubizo
6. Mugabanye amafaranga yo gusubiramo. Amafaranga arenze urugero azongera imbaraga zo gukata kandi byoroshye kuganisha kumurongo hejuru. Ukurikije ibisabwa gutunganya, shishoza neza amafaranga yo gusubiramo.
7. Mugabanye inguni yinyuma yikigice. Inguni nini yinyuma izatuma gukata bikabije kandi bikunda kugaragara. Ukurikije ibikoresho byo gutunganya no gutunganya ibisabwa, hitamo ingano yinyuma ikwiye.
8. Gusya ubugari bwumurongo wo gukata. Umugozi mugari cyane wo gukata bizatuma imbaraga zo gukata zitaringaniza kandi byoroshye kuganisha kumurongo hejuru yimbere. Mugusya ubugari bwumugozi wo gukata, kora imbaraga zo gukata zisa.
9. Hitamo icyuho cyujuje ibisabwa kugirango wirinde inenge nka pore nu mwobo wumusenyi hejuru yakazi. Mbere yo gutunganya, genzura no kwerekana ibitagaragara kugirango umenye neza ko ubuziranenge bwujuje ibisabwa.
10. Hindura ibikoresho bya mashini ya spindle kugirango ugabanye spindle. Gukoresha spindle birenze urugero bizatera reamer kunyeganyega mugihe cyo gutunganya kandi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yubutaka. Buri gihe ugenzure kandi uhindure ibikoresho bya mashini kuzunguruka kugirango umenye neza niba bihamye.

1. Umuvuduko ukabije.
2. Byahiswemo bidakwiye gukata amazi.
3. Inguni nyamukuru yo gutandukana ya reamer nini cyane, kandi gukata reamer ntabwo biri kumuzingo umwe.
4. Amafaranga yo gusubiramo cyane.
5. Amafaranga adasubirwaho yo gusubiramo cyangwa amafaranga make cyane, kandi isura imwe ntabwo yongeye guhindurwa.
6. Amazi yo gukata igice cya reamer arenze kwihanganira, gukata ntibikarishye, kandi hejuru harakomeye.
7. Gukata umurongo wa reamer ni mugari cyane.
8. Gukuraho chip nabi mugihe cyo gusubiramo.
9. Kwambara cyane kwa reamer.
10. Reamer yangiritse, kandi hariho burrs cyangwa uduce twaciwe kuruhande.
11. Hano hari impande zubatswe kuruhande.
12. Bitewe nubusabane bwibintu, zero rake inguni cyangwa reake inguni ya reamers ntabwo ikoreshwa.
    (B) Ibisubizo
13. Mugabanye umuvuduko wo guca. Kwihuta gukabije bizaganisha ku kwambara ibikoresho no kongera ubuso bwagaciro. Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gutunganya nubwoko bwibikoresho, hitamo umuvuduko ukwiye.
14. Hitamo amazi yo gukata ukurikije ibikoresho byo gutunganya. Amazi meza yo gukata arashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya, kugabanya kwambara ibikoresho, no kuzamura ubwiza bwubutaka. Ukurikije ibikoresho byo gutunganya no gutunganya ibisabwa, hitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwo gukata amazi hamwe nibitekerezo.
15. Mugabanye muburyo bukwiye inguni nyamukuru hanyuma usya neza reamer yo gukata kugirango umenye neza ko gukata biri kumuzingo umwe. Inguni nini cyane yo gutandukanya inguni cyangwa gukata bitari kumuzingo umwe bizatuma imbaraga zo gukata zitaringaniza kandi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yubutaka.
16. Mugabanye bikwiye amafaranga yo gusubiramo. Amafaranga arenze urugero azongera imbaraga zo guca kandi byoroshye kuganisha ku buso bwiyongereye. Ukurikije ibisabwa gutunganya, shishoza neza amafaranga yo gusubiramo.
17. Kunoza imyanya neza hamwe nubuziranenge bwumwobo wo hasi mbere yogusubiramo cyangwa kongera amafaranga yo gusubiramo kugirango wizere amafaranga yo gusubiramo kandi wirinde isura imwe idasubirwaho.
18. Hitamo reamer yujuje ibyangombwa, buri gihe ugenzure kandi usya reamer kugirango umenye neza ko igice cyo gukata kiri murwego rwo kwihanganira, gukata birakaze, kandi hejuru birasa.
19. Gusya ubugari bwikibiriti cyo gukata kugirango wirinde ingaruka zogukata cyane mugice cyo gukata. Ukurikije ibisabwa byo gutunganya, hitamo ubugari bukwiye bwo kugabanya ubugari.
20. Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze, gabanya umubare w amenyo ya reamer, wongere umwanya wa chip cyangwa ukoreshe reamer uciye bugufi kugirango ukureho chip neza. Gukuraho chip nabi bizatuma habaho kwirundanya kandi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yubutaka.
21. Buri gihe usimbuze reamer kugirango wirinde kwambara cyane. Mugihe cyo gutunganya, witondere kureba uko igikoresho cyambaye kandi usimbuze igikoresho cyambarwa cyane mugihe.
22. Mugihe cyo gusya, gukoresha, no gutwara reamer, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo gukingira kugirango birinde kwangirika. Kuri reamer yangiritse, koresha ibuye ryamavuta meza cyane kugirango usane reamer yangiritse cyangwa uyisimbuze.
23. Kuraho impande zubatswe kuruhande mugihe gikwiye. Kubaho kwimpande zubatswe bizagira ingaruka zo gukata kandi biganisha ku kwiyongera kwubuso bwagaciro. Muguhindura ibipimo byo gukata no guhitamo amazi akwiye, ibisekuru byubatswe byubatswe birashobora kugabanuka.
24. Kubikoresho bidakwiriye ingero ya zeru cyangwa ingero mbi ya rake, hitamo ubwoko bwibikoresho bikwiye hamwe nibikoresho byo gutunganya. Ukurikije ibiranga ibikoresho byo gutunganya, hitamo igikoresho gikwiye nuburyo bwo gutunganya kugirango urebe neza uburinganire bwubutaka.

1. Ibikoresho bidakwiye.
2. Reamer irashya mugihe cyo gusya.
3. Amazi yatoranijwe neza, kandi amazi yo gukata ntashobora gutembera neza. Ubuso buboneye agaciro k'igice cyo gukata hamwe na reamer yo gukata nyuma yo gusya ni hejuru cyane.
   (B) Ibisubizo
4. Hitamo ibikoresho bya reamer ukurikije ibikoresho byo gutunganya. Carbide reamers cyangwa reamers isize irashobora gukoreshwa. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gutunganya bisaba ibikoresho bitandukanye. Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye birashobora kuzamura ubuzima bwigikoresho.
5. Igenzura cyane ibipimo byo gukata mugihe cyo gusya kugirango wirinde gutwikwa. Mugihe usya reamer, hitamo ibipimo bikwiye kugirango wirinde gushyuha no gutwika igikoresho.
6. Buri gihe hitamo amazi yo gukata neza ukurikije ibikoresho byo gutunganya. Amazi meza yo gukata arashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya, kugabanya kwambara ibikoresho, no kuzamura ubwiza bwubutaka. Menya neza ko amazi yo gukata ashobora gutembera neza mugace kaciwe kandi akagira uruhare rwo gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta.
7. Buri gihe ukureho chip muri chip groove hanyuma ukoreshe amazi yo gukata hamwe numuvuduko uhagije. Nyuma yo gusya neza cyangwa gukubita, kuzuza ibisabwa. Kuraho chip mugihe birashobora kwirinda kwirundanya chip kandi bigira ingaruka kubikorwa byo kugabanya nubuzima bwibikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, gukoresha gukata amazi hamwe nigitutu gihagije birashobora kunoza ingaruka zo gukonjesha no gusiga.

1. Kwambara amaboko yo kuyobora.
2. Impera yanyuma yo kuyobora amaboko ni kure cyane yakazi.
3. Ubuyobozi buyobora ni bugufi mu burebure kandi bukennye neza.
4. Kuzunguruka.
   (B) Ibisubizo
5. Buri gihe usimbuze akaboko kayobora. Amaboko yo kuyobora azagenda yambara buhoro buhoro mugihe cyo gutunganya kandi bigira ingaruka kubikorwa byukuri. Buri gihe usimbuze icyerekezo kiyobora kugirango umenye neza imikorere yacyo.
6. Ongera amaboko yubuyobozi kandi utezimbere uburinganire bukwiye hagati yubuyobozi buyobora hamwe na reamer. Niba impera yo hepfo yikiganza kiyobora ari kure cyane yakazi cyangwa amaboko yo kuyobora ni mugufi muburebure kandi bikennye neza, reamer izatandukana mugihe cyo gutunganya kandi bigira ingaruka kumyenge. Mu kwagura umurongo ngenderwaho no kunoza neza, gutunganya neza birashobora kunozwa.
7. Gusana mugihe cyimashini hanyuma uhindure spindle ifite clearance. Kuzunguruka kwizunguruka bizatera uruziga guhindagurika kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere. Buri gihe ugenzure kandi uhindure spindle yerekana neza kugirango umenye neza niba igikoresho cyimashini gikwiye.

1. Amafaranga yo gusubiramo cyane.
2. Ibikoresho byakazi birakomeye.
3. Gukabya gukabije gukata, no gukata umutwaro utaringaniye.
4. Inguni nyamukuru yo gutandukana ya reamer ni nto cyane, yongera ubugari bwo gukata.
5. Iyo usubiramo ibyobo byimbitse cyangwa umwobo uhumye, hariho chip nyinshi kandi ntizikurwaho mugihe.
6. Amenyo yacitse mugihe cyo gusya.
   (B) Ibisubizo
7. Hindura ubunini bwa diameter yabanje gutunganywa hanyuma ugabanye amafaranga yo gusubiramo. Amafaranga menshi azongera imbaraga zo gukata kandi byoroshye kuganisha kumenyo. Ukurikije ibisabwa gutunganywa, shyira mu gaciro uburinganire bwa diametre yabanje gutunganyirizwa hamwe n'amafaranga yo gusubiramo.
8. Mugabanye ubukana bwibintu cyangwa ukoreshe inguni mbi ya reake cyangwa karbide reamer. Kubikoresho byakazi hamwe nuburemere bukabije, uburyo nko kugabanya ubukana bwibintu cyangwa guhitamo ubwoko bwibikoresho bibereye gutunganya ibikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa.
9. Igenzura imyanda murwego rwo kwihanganira kugirango ugabanye umutwaro umwe. Kurenza urugero kuruhande rwo gukata bizatuma imbaraga zo gukata zitaringaniza kandi byoroshye kuganisha kumenyo. Muguhindura ibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho no gutunganya ibipimo, genzura ibisohoka murwego rwo kwihanganira.
10. Ongera inguni nyamukuru kandi ugabanye ubugari. Inguni ntoya cyane izenguruka izongera ubugari bwo gukata kandi byoroshye kuganisha kumenyo. Ukurikije ibisabwa byo gutunganya, hitamo ubunini bukuru bwa deflection.
11. Witondere gukuraho chip mugihe, cyane cyane mugihe usubiramo ibyobo byimbitse cyangwa ibyobo bihumye. Kwiyegeranya kwa chip bizagira ingaruka zo gukata kandi byoroshye kuganisha kumenyo. Koresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gukuramo chip kugirango ukureho chip mugihe.
12. Witondere gusya ubuziranenge kandi wirinde amenyo yamenetse mugihe cyo gusya. Mugihe usya reamer, hitamo ibipimo bikwiye byo gukata hamwe nuburyo bwo gusya kugirango umenye ubwiza nimbaraga z amenyo.

1. Amafaranga yo gusubiramo cyane.
2. Iyo usubiramo ibyobo byafashwe, gukwirakwiza amafaranga atarangiye no kurangiza kugarura amafaranga no guhitamo ibipimo byo gukata ntibikwiye.
3. Umwanya wa chip yinyo ya reamer ni nto,