Isesengura nigisubizo cyo kunanirwa pompe yamavuta mubigo byimashini
Mu rwego rwo gutunganya imashini, imikorere inoze kandi ihamye yikigo gikora imashini igira uruhare runini mubikorwa byumusaruro nubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Nkibice byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta munganda zikora imashini, niba pompe yamavuta ikora mubisanzwe bigira ingaruka kumikorere no mubuzima bwigikoresho cyimashini. Iyi ngingo izakora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku kunanirwa gukabije kwa pompe za peteroli mu bigo by’imashini n’ibisubizo byazo, bigamije gutanga ubuyobozi bwuzuye kandi bufatika bwa tekiniki ku bakora umwuga wo gutunganya imashini, kubafasha gusuzuma vuba no gukemura neza kunanirwa kwa pompe y’amavuta igihe bahuye nabyo, no kwemeza imikorere y’ibikorwa bikomeza kandi bihamye.
I. Isesengura ryimpamvu zisanzwe zitera kunanirwa kwa pompe muma centre yimashini
(A) Urwego rwamavuta adahagije mubuyobozi bwa pompe ya peteroli
Urwego rwamavuta rudahagije mubuyobozi bwa pompe ya gari ya moshi nimwe mubitera kunanirwa. Iyo urwego rwamavuta ruri hasi cyane, pompe yamavuta ntishobora gukuramo amavuta ahagije mubisanzwe, bikavamo imikorere idahwitse ya sisitemu yo gusiga. Ibi birashobora guterwa no kunanirwa kugenzura urwego rwamavuta mugihe no kuzuza amavuta ya gari ya moshi ayobora mugihe cyo kubungabunga buri munsi, cyangwa urwego rwa peteroli rugabanuka buhoro buhoro kubera amavuta yamenetse.
Urwego rwamavuta rudahagije mubuyobozi bwa pompe ya gari ya moshi nimwe mubitera kunanirwa. Iyo urwego rwamavuta ruri hasi cyane, pompe yamavuta ntishobora gukuramo amavuta ahagije mubisanzwe, bikavamo imikorere idahwitse ya sisitemu yo gusiga. Ibi birashobora guterwa no kunanirwa kugenzura urwego rwamavuta mugihe no kuzuza amavuta ya gari ya moshi ayobora mugihe cyo kubungabunga buri munsi, cyangwa urwego rwa peteroli rugabanuka buhoro buhoro kubera amavuta yamenetse.
(B) Ibyangiritse kumuvuduko wamavuta ya Valve yubuyobozi bwa pompe ya peteroli
Umuvuduko wamavuta wa peteroli ufite uruhare runini mugutunganya amavuta muri sisitemu yose yo gusiga. Niba umuvuduko wamavuta wangiritse, ibintu nkumuvuduko udahagije cyangwa kudashobora kugenzura umuvuduko mubisanzwe birashobora kubaho. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gukoresha igihe kirekire, intandaro ya valve imbere yumuvuduko wamavuta irashobora gutakaza imikorere isanzwe yo gufunga no kugenzura bitewe nimpamvu nko kwambara no guhagarika imyanda, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumuvuduko wamavuta hamwe nigipimo cyumuvuduko wa pompe ya gari ya moshi.
Umuvuduko wamavuta wa peteroli ufite uruhare runini mugutunganya amavuta muri sisitemu yose yo gusiga. Niba umuvuduko wamavuta wangiritse, ibintu nkumuvuduko udahagije cyangwa kudashobora kugenzura umuvuduko mubisanzwe birashobora kubaho. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gukoresha igihe kirekire, intandaro ya valve imbere yumuvuduko wamavuta irashobora gutakaza imikorere isanzwe yo gufunga no kugenzura bitewe nimpamvu nko kwambara no guhagarika imyanda, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumuvuduko wamavuta hamwe nigipimo cyumuvuduko wa pompe ya gari ya moshi.
(C) Ibyangiritse kumuzunguruko wa peteroli mukigo cyimashini
Sisitemu yumuzunguruko wamavuta murwego rwo gutunganya ibintu biragoye, harimo imiyoboro itandukanye ya peteroli, amavuta menshi nibindi bikoresho. Mugihe cyigihe kirekire cyibikoresho byimashini, uruziga rwamavuta rushobora kwangirika kubera ingaruka ziva hanze, kunyeganyega, kwangirika nibindi bintu. Kurugero, imiyoboro ya peteroli irashobora guturika cyangwa kumeneka, kandi amavuta menshi ashobora guhinduka cyangwa guhagarikwa, ibyo byose bizabangamira ubwikorezi busanzwe bwamavuta yo kwisiga kandi biganisha kumavuta mabi.
Sisitemu yumuzunguruko wamavuta murwego rwo gutunganya ibintu biragoye, harimo imiyoboro itandukanye ya peteroli, amavuta menshi nibindi bikoresho. Mugihe cyigihe kirekire cyibikoresho byimashini, uruziga rwamavuta rushobora kwangirika kubera ingaruka ziva hanze, kunyeganyega, kwangirika nibindi bintu. Kurugero, imiyoboro ya peteroli irashobora guturika cyangwa kumeneka, kandi amavuta menshi ashobora guhinduka cyangwa guhagarikwa, ibyo byose bizabangamira ubwikorezi busanzwe bwamavuta yo kwisiga kandi biganisha kumavuta mabi.
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Igikorwa nyamukuru cya filteri ya ecran muri pompe nugushungura umwanda mumavuta yo gusiga no kubarinda kwinjira mumbere ya pompe yamavuta no kwangiza. Ariko, hamwe no kwiyongera kwigihe cyo gukoresha, umwanda nka chipi yicyuma hamwe n ivumbi mumavuta yo gusiga bizagenda byegeranya buhoro buhoro kuri ecran ya ecran, bikaviramo guhagarika ecran ya ecran. Iyo ecran ya filteri imaze guhagarikwa, amavuta yinjira muri pompe yamavuta ariyongera, ubwinshi bwamavuta bugabanuka, hanyuma bikagira ingaruka kumubare wamavuta ya sisitemu yose yo gusiga.
Igikorwa nyamukuru cya filteri ya ecran muri pompe nugushungura umwanda mumavuta yo gusiga no kubarinda kwinjira mumbere ya pompe yamavuta no kwangiza. Ariko, hamwe no kwiyongera kwigihe cyo gukoresha, umwanda nka chipi yicyuma hamwe n ivumbi mumavuta yo gusiga bizagenda byegeranya buhoro buhoro kuri ecran ya ecran, bikaviramo guhagarika ecran ya ecran. Iyo ecran ya filteri imaze guhagarikwa, amavuta yinjira muri pompe yamavuta ariyongera, ubwinshi bwamavuta bugabanuka, hanyuma bikagira ingaruka kumubare wamavuta ya sisitemu yose yo gusiga.
(E) Kurenga Ibipimo Byubuziranenge bwuyobora Amavuta ya Gari ya moshi yaguzwe nu mukiriya
Gukoresha amavuta ya gari ya moshi atujuje ibyangombwa birashobora no gutera kunanirwa pompe yamavuta. Niba ibipimo nkibikorwa bya viscosity hamwe no kurwanya kwambara amavuta ya gari ya moshi ayobora bitujuje ibyashizweho na pompe yamavuta, ibibazo nko kongera kwambara pompe yamavuta no kugabanuka kwa kashe bishobora kubaho. Kurugero, niba ubwiza bwamavuta ya gari ya moshi ayobora ari menshi cyane, bizongera umutwaro kuri pompe yamavuta, kandi niba ari bike cyane, hashobora kubaho firime nziza yo gusiga amavuta, bigatuma habaho guterana kwumye mubice bigize pompe yamavuta mugihe cyakazi kandi bikangiza pompe yamavuta.
Gukoresha amavuta ya gari ya moshi atujuje ibyangombwa birashobora no gutera kunanirwa pompe yamavuta. Niba ibipimo nkibikorwa bya viscosity hamwe no kurwanya kwambara amavuta ya gari ya moshi ayobora bitujuje ibyashizweho na pompe yamavuta, ibibazo nko kongera kwambara pompe yamavuta no kugabanuka kwa kashe bishobora kubaho. Kurugero, niba ubwiza bwamavuta ya gari ya moshi ayobora ari menshi cyane, bizongera umutwaro kuri pompe yamavuta, kandi niba ari bike cyane, hashobora kubaho firime nziza yo gusiga amavuta, bigatuma habaho guterana kwumye mubice bigize pompe yamavuta mugihe cyakazi kandi bikangiza pompe yamavuta.
(F) Gushiraho nabi Igihe cyamavuta yo kuyobora pompe yamavuta ya gari ya moshi
Igihe cyamavuta yo kuyobora pompe yamavuta ya gari ya moshi muruganda rukora imashini isanzwe ishyirwaho ukurikije ibisabwa byakazi hamwe nogusiga amavuta ibikoresho byimashini. Niba igihe cyo gusiga cyashyizweho igihe kirekire cyangwa kigufi cyane, bizagira ingaruka kumavuta. Igihe kinini cyo gusiga amavuta gishobora gutera guta amavuta yo gusiga ndetse no kwangiza imiyoboro ya peteroli nibindi bice kubera umuvuduko ukabije wamavuta; igihe gito cyane cyo gusiga ntigishobora gutanga amavuta ahagije, bikavamo amavuta adahagije yibigize nkibikoresho byimashini iyobora gari ya moshi no kwihuta kwambara.
Igihe cyamavuta yo kuyobora pompe yamavuta ya gari ya moshi muruganda rukora imashini isanzwe ishyirwaho ukurikije ibisabwa byakazi hamwe nogusiga amavuta ibikoresho byimashini. Niba igihe cyo gusiga cyashyizweho igihe kirekire cyangwa kigufi cyane, bizagira ingaruka kumavuta. Igihe kinini cyo gusiga amavuta gishobora gutera guta amavuta yo gusiga ndetse no kwangiza imiyoboro ya peteroli nibindi bice kubera umuvuduko ukabije wamavuta; igihe gito cyane cyo gusiga ntigishobora gutanga amavuta ahagije, bikavamo amavuta adahagije yibigize nkibikoresho byimashini iyobora gari ya moshi no kwihuta kwambara.
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Mugihe cyakazi cyo gukata pompe yamavuta, niba umutwaro ari munini kandi urenze imbaraga zapimwe, bizagutera kurenza urugero. Muri iki gihe, icyuma kizunguruka mumasanduku yamashanyarazi kizahita kigenda kugirango kirinde umutekano wumuzunguruko nibikoresho. Hashobora kubaho impamvu zitandukanye zitera kurenza urugero rwa pompe yamavuta yo gukata, nkibikoresho bya mashini biri imbere ya pompe yamavuta bigumaho, ubwiza bwamazi yo gukata ari menshi cyane, namakosa muri moteri ya pompe yamavuta.
Mugihe cyakazi cyo gukata pompe yamavuta, niba umutwaro ari munini kandi urenze imbaraga zapimwe, bizagutera kurenza urugero. Muri iki gihe, icyuma kizunguruka mumasanduku yamashanyarazi kizahita kigenda kugirango kirinde umutekano wumuzunguruko nibikoresho. Hashobora kubaho impamvu zitandukanye zitera kurenza urugero rwa pompe yamavuta yo gukata, nkibikoresho bya mashini biri imbere ya pompe yamavuta bigumaho, ubwiza bwamazi yo gukata ari menshi cyane, namakosa muri moteri ya pompe yamavuta.
(H) Umwuka uva mukirere cya pompe yo gutema amavuta
Niba ingingo za pompe zikata amavuta zidafunze neza, umwuka uzavamo. Iyo umwuka winjiye muri sisitemu ya pompe yamavuta, bizahungabanya uburyo busanzwe bwo kwinjiza amavuta no gusohora inzira ya pompe yamavuta, bikavamo umuvuduko udasanzwe wamazi yo gukata ndetse no kudashobora gutwara amazi yo gukata mubisanzwe. Umwuka uva mu ngingo ushobora guterwa nimpamvu nko guhuza ingingo, gusaza cyangwa kwangiza kashe.
Niba ingingo za pompe zikata amavuta zidafunze neza, umwuka uzavamo. Iyo umwuka winjiye muri sisitemu ya pompe yamavuta, bizahungabanya uburyo busanzwe bwo kwinjiza amavuta no gusohora inzira ya pompe yamavuta, bikavamo umuvuduko udasanzwe wamazi yo gukata ndetse no kudashobora gutwara amazi yo gukata mubisanzwe. Umwuka uva mu ngingo ushobora guterwa nimpamvu nko guhuza ingingo, gusaza cyangwa kwangiza kashe.
(I) Ibyangiritse kumurongo umwe wa Valve yo gutema amavuta
Umuyoboro umwe ugira uruhare mukugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amazi yo gukata muri pompe yo gukata. Iyo valve yinzira imwe yangiritse, ibintu bishobora gutemba bitemba inyuma bishobora kubaho, bikagira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe ya pompe yamavuta. Kurugero, intandaro ya valve yinzira imwe irashobora kutabasha gufunga burundu kubera impamvu nko kwambara no gutwarwa n’umwanda, bikaviramo guca amazi asubira mu kigega cya peteroli iyo pompe ihagaritse gukora, bisaba ko hongera gushyirwaho ingufu mugihe utangiye ubutaha, bikagabanya imikorere yakazi ndetse bikaba byanangiza moteri ya pompe yamavuta.
Umuyoboro umwe ugira uruhare mukugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amazi yo gukata muri pompe yo gukata. Iyo valve yinzira imwe yangiritse, ibintu bishobora gutemba bitemba inyuma bishobora kubaho, bikagira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe ya pompe yamavuta. Kurugero, intandaro ya valve yinzira imwe irashobora kutabasha gufunga burundu kubera impamvu nko kwambara no gutwarwa n’umwanda, bikaviramo guca amazi asubira mu kigega cya peteroli iyo pompe ihagaritse gukora, bisaba ko hongera gushyirwaho ingufu mugihe utangiye ubutaha, bikagabanya imikorere yakazi ndetse bikaba byanangiza moteri ya pompe yamavuta.
(J) Inzira ngufi muri moteri ya moteri yo gukata amavuta ya pompe
Umuzunguruko mugufi muri moteri ya moteri nimwe mubintu byananiranye cyane moteri. Iyo umuzenguruko mugufi ubaye muri coil ya moteri ya pompe yamavuta yo gukata, moteri ya moteri iziyongera cyane, bigatuma moteri ishyuha cyane ndetse irashya. Impamvu zumuzunguruko mugufi muri moteri irashobora kuba ikubiyemo gukora igihe kirekire kirenze moteri, gusaza kwibikoresho bikingira, kwinjiza amazi, no kwangirika hanze.
Umuzunguruko mugufi muri moteri ya moteri nimwe mubintu byananiranye cyane moteri. Iyo umuzenguruko mugufi ubaye muri coil ya moteri ya pompe yamavuta yo gukata, moteri ya moteri iziyongera cyane, bigatuma moteri ishyuha cyane ndetse irashya. Impamvu zumuzunguruko mugufi muri moteri irashobora kuba ikubiyemo gukora igihe kirekire kirenze moteri, gusaza kwibikoresho bikingira, kwinjiza amazi, no kwangirika hanze.
(K) Guhinduranya Icyerekezo cya moteri ya pompe yo gukata amavuta
Niba icyerekezo cyo guhinduranya moteri ya pompe yamavuta yo gukata inyuranyije nibisabwa kugishushanyo mbonera, pompe yamavuta ntishobora gukora mubisanzwe kandi ntishobora gukuramo amazi yo gukata mumazi ya peteroli ikayijyana ahakorerwa. Icyerekezo cyo guhinduranya icyerekezo cya moteri gishobora guterwa nimpamvu nko gukoresha nabi moteri cyangwa amakosa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura.
Niba icyerekezo cyo guhinduranya moteri ya pompe yamavuta yo gukata inyuranyije nibisabwa kugishushanyo mbonera, pompe yamavuta ntishobora gukora mubisanzwe kandi ntishobora gukuramo amazi yo gukata mumazi ya peteroli ikayijyana ahakorerwa. Icyerekezo cyo guhinduranya icyerekezo cya moteri gishobora guterwa nimpamvu nko gukoresha nabi moteri cyangwa amakosa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura.
II. Ibisubizo birambuye kubibazo bya pompe yamavuta mubigo byimashini
(A) Igisubizo kurwego rwa peteroli idahagije
Iyo bigaragaye ko urwego rwamavuta ya pompe yamavuta ya gari ya moshi rudahagije, amavuta ya gari ya moshi ayobora agomba guterwa mugihe gikwiye. Mbere yo gutera amavuta, birakenewe kumenya ibisobanuro hamwe nicyitegererezo cyamavuta ya gari ya moshi ikoreshwa nigikoresho cyimashini kugirango amavuta yongeweho yujuje ibisabwa. Mugihe kimwe, genzura neza niba hari amavuta yamenetse kubikoresho byimashini. Niba habonetse amavuta yamenetse, bigomba gusanwa mugihe kugirango birinde ko amavuta atazongera kubura.
Iyo bigaragaye ko urwego rwamavuta ya pompe yamavuta ya gari ya moshi rudahagije, amavuta ya gari ya moshi ayobora agomba guterwa mugihe gikwiye. Mbere yo gutera amavuta, birakenewe kumenya ibisobanuro hamwe nicyitegererezo cyamavuta ya gari ya moshi ikoreshwa nigikoresho cyimashini kugirango amavuta yongeweho yujuje ibisabwa. Mugihe kimwe, genzura neza niba hari amavuta yamenetse kubikoresho byimashini. Niba habonetse amavuta yamenetse, bigomba gusanwa mugihe kugirango birinde ko amavuta atazongera kubura.
(B) Gukemura ingamba zo kwangirika kumavuta ya peteroli
Reba niba igitutu cyamavuta gifite umuvuduko udahagije. Ibikoresho byumwuga byerekana amavuta birashobora gukoreshwa mugupima umuvuduko wibisohoka byamavuta ya peteroli no kubigereranya nibisabwa nigishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byimashini. Niba igitutu kidahagije, ongera urebe niba hari ibibazo nko guhagarika umwanda cyangwa kwambara intandaro ya valve imbere yumuvuduko wamavuta. Niba hemejwe ko igitutu cyamavuta cyangiritse, icyuma gishya cyamavuta kigomba gusimburwa mugihe, kandi igitutu cyamavuta kigomba kongera gucukurwa nyuma yo gusimburwa kugirango harebwe ko kiri mubipimo bisanzwe.
Reba niba igitutu cyamavuta gifite umuvuduko udahagije. Ibikoresho byumwuga byerekana amavuta birashobora gukoreshwa mugupima umuvuduko wibisohoka byamavuta ya peteroli no kubigereranya nibisabwa nigishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byimashini. Niba igitutu kidahagije, ongera urebe niba hari ibibazo nko guhagarika umwanda cyangwa kwambara intandaro ya valve imbere yumuvuduko wamavuta. Niba hemejwe ko igitutu cyamavuta cyangiritse, icyuma gishya cyamavuta kigomba gusimburwa mugihe, kandi igitutu cyamavuta kigomba kongera gucukurwa nyuma yo gusimburwa kugirango harebwe ko kiri mubipimo bisanzwe.
(C) Gusana Ingamba zamavuta yangiritse
Mugihe cyangiritse kumuzunguruko wa peteroli mukigo gikora imashini, birakenewe ko hakorwa igenzura ryuzuye ryumuzenguruko wa peteroli ya buri murongo. Ubwa mbere, reba niba hari ibintu nko guturika cyangwa kumena imiyoboro y'amavuta. Niba habonetse ibyangiritse byamavuta, imiyoboro yamavuta igomba gusimburwa ukurikije ibisobanuro n'ibikoresho byabo. Icya kabiri, reba niba amavuta menshi atabujijwe, niba hari deformasiyo cyangwa kuzibira. Kubintu bya peteroli byafunzwe, umwuka wugarijwe cyangwa ibikoresho bidasanzwe byogusukura birashobora gukoreshwa mugusukura. Niba amavuta menshi yangiritse cyane, mashya agomba gusimburwa. Nyuma yo gusana uruziga rwamavuta, hagomba gukorwa ikizamini cyumuvuduko kugirango amavuta yo gusiga ashobora kugenda neza mumuzunguruko wamavuta.
Mugihe cyangiritse kumuzunguruko wa peteroli mukigo gikora imashini, birakenewe ko hakorwa igenzura ryuzuye ryumuzenguruko wa peteroli ya buri murongo. Ubwa mbere, reba niba hari ibintu nko guturika cyangwa kumena imiyoboro y'amavuta. Niba habonetse ibyangiritse byamavuta, imiyoboro yamavuta igomba gusimburwa ukurikije ibisobanuro n'ibikoresho byabo. Icya kabiri, reba niba amavuta menshi atabujijwe, niba hari deformasiyo cyangwa kuzibira. Kubintu bya peteroli byafunzwe, umwuka wugarijwe cyangwa ibikoresho bidasanzwe byogusukura birashobora gukoreshwa mugusukura. Niba amavuta menshi yangiritse cyane, mashya agomba gusimburwa. Nyuma yo gusana uruziga rwamavuta, hagomba gukorwa ikizamini cyumuvuduko kugirango amavuta yo gusiga ashobora kugenda neza mumuzunguruko wamavuta.
(D) Gusukura Intambwe zo Guhagarika Akayunguruzo Mugaragaza muri pompe
Mugihe cyoza akayunguruzo ka pompe yamavuta, banza ukure pompe yamavuta mubikoresho byimashini hanyuma usohokane witonze mugushungura. Shira akayunguruzo mugikoresho cyihariye cyo gukora isuku hanyuma ugihanagure buhoro hamwe na brush yoroheje kugirango ukureho umwanda kuri ecran ya ecran. Nyuma yo koza, kwoza n'amazi meza hanyuma uyumishe mu kirere cyangwa uyumishe yumye n'umwuka uhumanye. Mugihe ushyizeho akayunguruzo, menya neza ko aho gishyiriye ari ukuri kandi kashe ni nziza kugirango wirinde umwanda kongera kwinjira muri pompe yamavuta.
Mugihe cyoza akayunguruzo ka pompe yamavuta, banza ukure pompe yamavuta mubikoresho byimashini hanyuma usohokane witonze mugushungura. Shira akayunguruzo mugikoresho cyihariye cyo gukora isuku hanyuma ugihanagure buhoro hamwe na brush yoroheje kugirango ukureho umwanda kuri ecran ya ecran. Nyuma yo koza, kwoza n'amazi meza hanyuma uyumishe mu kirere cyangwa uyumishe yumye n'umwuka uhumanye. Mugihe ushyizeho akayunguruzo, menya neza ko aho gishyiriye ari ukuri kandi kashe ni nziza kugirango wirinde umwanda kongera kwinjira muri pompe yamavuta.
(E) Igisubizo cyikibazo cyubuziranenge bwamavuta ya gari ya moshi
Niba bigaragaye ko ubuziranenge bwamavuta ya gari ya moshi yaguzwe nu mukiriya arenze ibipimo bisanzwe, byujuje ubuziranenge amavuta ya gari ya moshi yujuje ibisabwa na pompe yamavuta agomba guhita asimburwa. Mugihe uhitamo amavuta ya gari ya moshi, reba ibyifuzo byabashinzwe gukora imashini hanyuma uhitemo amavuta ya gari ya moshi ayobora hamwe nubwiza bukwiye, imikorere irwanya kwambara no gukora antioxydeant. Muri icyo gihe, witondere ikirango nicyubahiro cyiza cya peteroli ya gari ya moshi kugirango umenye neza kandi wizewe.
Niba bigaragaye ko ubuziranenge bwamavuta ya gari ya moshi yaguzwe nu mukiriya arenze ibipimo bisanzwe, byujuje ubuziranenge amavuta ya gari ya moshi yujuje ibisabwa na pompe yamavuta agomba guhita asimburwa. Mugihe uhitamo amavuta ya gari ya moshi, reba ibyifuzo byabashinzwe gukora imashini hanyuma uhitemo amavuta ya gari ya moshi ayobora hamwe nubwiza bukwiye, imikorere irwanya kwambara no gukora antioxydeant. Muri icyo gihe, witondere ikirango nicyubahiro cyiza cya peteroli ya gari ya moshi kugirango umenye neza kandi wizewe.
(F) Uburyo bwo Guhindura Uburyo bwo Gushiraho Ibihe Byamavuta
Iyo igihe cyo gusiga amavuta ya gari ya moshi ayoboye gishyizweho nabi, birakenewe gusubiramo igihe cyamavuta. Ubwa mbere, sobanukirwa n'ibikorwa bikora hamwe no gusiga ibikenerwa mugikoresho cyimashini, hanyuma umenye igihe gikwiye cyo gusiga hamwe nigihe cyo gusiga amavuta ukurikije ibintu nka tekinoroji yo gutunganya, umuvuduko wogukoresha ibikoresho byimashini, numutwaro. Noneho, andika ibipimo byerekana ibice bya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho, shakisha ibipimo bijyanye nigihe cyo gusiga amavuta ya pompe ya gari ya moshi, hanyuma uhindure. Nyuma yo guhindura birangiye, kora ibizamini bifatika, urebe ingaruka zamavuta, kandi uhindure neza ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze kugirango urebe ko igihe cyamavuta cyashyizweho muburyo bukwiye.
Iyo igihe cyo gusiga amavuta ya gari ya moshi ayoboye gishyizweho nabi, birakenewe gusubiramo igihe cyamavuta. Ubwa mbere, sobanukirwa n'ibikorwa bikora hamwe no gusiga ibikenerwa mugikoresho cyimashini, hanyuma umenye igihe gikwiye cyo gusiga hamwe nigihe cyo gusiga amavuta ukurikije ibintu nka tekinoroji yo gutunganya, umuvuduko wogukoresha ibikoresho byimashini, numutwaro. Noneho, andika ibipimo byerekana ibice bya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho, shakisha ibipimo bijyanye nigihe cyo gusiga amavuta ya pompe ya gari ya moshi, hanyuma uhindure. Nyuma yo guhindura birangiye, kora ibizamini bifatika, urebe ingaruka zamavuta, kandi uhindure neza ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze kugirango urebe ko igihe cyamavuta cyashyizweho muburyo bukwiye.
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Mugihe aho icyuma cyumuzunguruko mugisanduku cyamashanyarazi kigenda bitewe nuburemere burenze pompe yamavuta yo gukata, banza urebe niba hari ibikoresho bya mashini byometse kuri pompe yamavuta. Kurugero, genzura niba pompe ya pompe ishobora kuzunguruka mubwisanzure kandi niba uwimuka yiziritse kubintu byamahanga. Niba ibikoresho bya mashini bigaragaye ko byafashwe, sukura ibintu byamahanga mugihe, usane cyangwa usimbuze ibice byangiritse kugirango pompe izenguruke bisanzwe. Mugihe kimwe, reba kandi niba ubwiza bwamazi yo gukata bukwiye. Niba ubwiza bwamazi yo gukata ari menshi cyane, bugomba kuvangwa cyangwa gusimburwa muburyo bukwiye. Nyuma yo gukuraho kunanirwa kwa mashini no guca ibibazo byamazi, ongera ushyire kumashanyarazi hanyuma utangire pompe yo gukata kugirango urebe niba imikorere yayo ari ibisanzwe.
Mugihe aho icyuma cyumuzunguruko mugisanduku cyamashanyarazi kigenda bitewe nuburemere burenze pompe yamavuta yo gukata, banza urebe niba hari ibikoresho bya mashini byometse kuri pompe yamavuta. Kurugero, genzura niba pompe ya pompe ishobora kuzunguruka mubwisanzure kandi niba uwimuka yiziritse kubintu byamahanga. Niba ibikoresho bya mashini bigaragaye ko byafashwe, sukura ibintu byamahanga mugihe, usane cyangwa usimbuze ibice byangiritse kugirango pompe izenguruke bisanzwe. Mugihe kimwe, reba kandi niba ubwiza bwamazi yo gukata bukwiye. Niba ubwiza bwamazi yo gukata ari menshi cyane, bugomba kuvangwa cyangwa gusimburwa muburyo bukwiye. Nyuma yo gukuraho kunanirwa kwa mashini no guca ibibazo byamazi, ongera ushyire kumashanyarazi hanyuma utangire pompe yo gukata kugirango urebe niba imikorere yayo ari ibisanzwe.
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Kubibazo byo guhumeka ikirere ku ngingo ya pompe ya peteroli ikata, reba neza ingingo aho umwuka uva. Reba niba ingingo zidafunguye. Niba bidakabije, koresha umugozi kugirango ubizirike. Muri icyo gihe, reba niba kashe zishaje cyangwa zangiritse. Niba kashe yangiritse, iyisimbuze izindi nshya mugihe. Nyuma yo guhuza ingingo, koresha amazi yisabune cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye byo gutahura kugirango urebe niba hakiri imyuka ihumeka kugirango uhuze neza.
Kubibazo byo guhumeka ikirere ku ngingo ya pompe ya peteroli ikata, reba neza ingingo aho umwuka uva. Reba niba ingingo zidafunguye. Niba bidakabije, koresha umugozi kugirango ubizirike. Muri icyo gihe, reba niba kashe zishaje cyangwa zangiritse. Niba kashe yangiritse, iyisimbuze izindi nshya mugihe. Nyuma yo guhuza ingingo, koresha amazi yisabune cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye byo gutahura kugirango urebe niba hakiri imyuka ihumeka kugirango uhuze neza.
(I) Ingamba zo gukemura ibyangiritse kumurongo umwe wa Valve yo gutema amavuta
Reba niba valve yinzira imwe ya pompe yamavuta yo gukata yahagaritswe cyangwa yangiritse. Umuyoboro umwe ushobora gukurwaho no kugenzurwa niba intoki ya valve ishobora kugenda neza kandi niba intebe ya valve ifunze neza. Niba valve yinzira imwe isanze ihagaritswe, umwanda urashobora gukurwaho numwuka uhumanye cyangwa ibikoresho byogusukura; niba intandaro ya valve yambarwa cyangwa intebe ya valve yangiritse, hagomba gusimburwa icyerekezo gishya cyinzira imwe. Mugihe ushyira kumurongo umwe, witondere icyerekezo cyacyo cyo kwishyiriraho kugirango umenye neza ko gishobora kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amazi yo gukata.
Reba niba valve yinzira imwe ya pompe yamavuta yo gukata yahagaritswe cyangwa yangiritse. Umuyoboro umwe ushobora gukurwaho no kugenzurwa niba intoki ya valve ishobora kugenda neza kandi niba intebe ya valve ifunze neza. Niba valve yinzira imwe isanze ihagaritswe, umwanda urashobora gukurwaho numwuka uhumanye cyangwa ibikoresho byogusukura; niba intandaro ya valve yambarwa cyangwa intebe ya valve yangiritse, hagomba gusimburwa icyerekezo gishya cyinzira imwe. Mugihe ushyira kumurongo umwe, witondere icyerekezo cyacyo cyo kwishyiriraho kugirango umenye neza ko gishobora kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amazi yo gukata.
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Iyo hagaragaye uruziga rugufi muri moteri ya pompe yo gukata amavuta, moteri yo gukata amavuta igomba gusimburwa mugihe. Mbere yo gusimbuza moteri, banza uhagarike amashanyarazi yibikoresho byimashini kugirango umutekano wibikorwa. Noneho, hitamo kandi ugure moteri nshya ikwiranye nicyitegererezo nibisobanuro bya moteri. Mugihe ushyira moteri nshya, witondere aho ushyira hamwe nuburyo bwo gukoresha kugirango umenye neza ko moteri yashizwemo neza kandi insinga nukuri. Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, kora ikibazo cyo kugerageza no kugerageza moteri, hanyuma urebe niba ibipimo nkicyerekezo cyizunguruka, umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka, hamwe nubu moteri isanzwe.
Iyo hagaragaye uruziga rugufi muri moteri ya pompe yo gukata amavuta, moteri yo gukata amavuta igomba gusimburwa mugihe. Mbere yo gusimbuza moteri, banza uhagarike amashanyarazi yibikoresho byimashini kugirango umutekano wibikorwa. Noneho, hitamo kandi ugure moteri nshya ikwiranye nicyitegererezo nibisobanuro bya moteri. Mugihe ushyira moteri nshya, witondere aho ushyira hamwe nuburyo bwo gukoresha kugirango umenye neza ko moteri yashizwemo neza kandi insinga nukuri. Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, kora ikibazo cyo kugerageza no kugerageza moteri, hanyuma urebe niba ibipimo nkicyerekezo cyizunguruka, umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka, hamwe nubu moteri isanzwe.
(K) Uburyo bwo gukosora uburyo bwo guhinduranya icyerekezo cya moteri ya pompe yo gutema amavuta
Niba bigaragaye ko icyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka moteri ya pompe yo gukata amavuta itandukanye, banza urebe niba insinga za moteri ari zo. Reba niba guhuza imirongo y'amashanyarazi byujuje ibisabwa ukoresheje igishushanyo mbonera cya moteri. Niba hari amakosa, uyakosore mugihe. Niba insinga ari nziza ariko moteri iracyazenguruka muburyo bunyuranye, hashobora kubaho amakosa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura, kandi birakenewe ko hakorwa igenzura no gukemura ikibazo cya sisitemu yo kugenzura. Nyuma yo gukosora icyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka kwa moteri, kora ikizamini cyo gukora pompe yamavuta yo gukata kugirango urebe ko ishobora gukora bisanzwe.
Niba bigaragaye ko icyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka moteri ya pompe yo gukata amavuta itandukanye, banza urebe niba insinga za moteri ari zo. Reba niba guhuza imirongo y'amashanyarazi byujuje ibisabwa ukoresheje igishushanyo mbonera cya moteri. Niba hari amakosa, uyakosore mugihe. Niba insinga ari nziza ariko moteri iracyazenguruka muburyo bunyuranye, hashobora kubaho amakosa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura, kandi birakenewe ko hakorwa igenzura no gukemura ikibazo cya sisitemu yo kugenzura. Nyuma yo gukosora icyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka kwa moteri, kora ikizamini cyo gukora pompe yamavuta yo gukata kugirango urebe ko ishobora gukora bisanzwe.
III. Ibitekerezo bidasanzwe hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa bwa sisitemu yamavuta muri Centre yimashini
(A) Igenzura ryamavuta yumuzenguruko wamavuta hamwe nibice bikomeza umuvuduko
Kumuzunguruko wa peteroli ukoresheje ibice bikomeza umuvuduko ukabije, birakenewe gukurikiranira hafi igipimo cyumuvuduko wamavuta kuri pompe yamavuta mugihe cyo gutera amavuta. Mugihe igihe cyo gusiga amavuta cyiyongera, umuvuduko wamavuta uzagenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi umuvuduko wamavuta ugomba kugenzurwa mugihe kiri hagati ya 200 - 250. Niba umuvuduko wamavuta ari muke cyane, birashobora guterwa nimpamvu nko guhagarika ecran ya filteri mumashanyarazi ya pompe, kumeneka kwamavuta cyangwa kunanirwa numuvuduko wamavuta wa peteroli, kandi birakenewe gukora 排查 no kuvura ukurikije ibisubizo bihuye byavuzwe haruguru; niba umuvuduko wamavuta ari mwinshi, umuyoboro wamavuta urashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko ukabije ugaturika. Muri iki gihe, birakenewe kugenzura niba igitutu cyamavuta ya peteroli ikora mubisanzwe no kuyihindura cyangwa kuyisimbuza nibiba ngombwa. Ingano yo gutanga amavuta yibi bikoresho bikomeza umuvuduko bigenwa nuburyo bwayo, kandi ingano yamavuta yavomwe icyarimwe ifitanye isano nubunini bwigitutu aho kuba amavuta. Iyo umuvuduko wamavuta ugeze mubisanzwe, ibice byumuvuduko bizakuramo amavuta mumuyoboro wamavuta kugirango ugere kumavuta yibice bitandukanye bigize igikoresho cyimashini.
Kumuzunguruko wa peteroli ukoresheje ibice bikomeza umuvuduko ukabije, birakenewe gukurikiranira hafi igipimo cyumuvuduko wamavuta kuri pompe yamavuta mugihe cyo gutera amavuta. Mugihe igihe cyo gusiga amavuta cyiyongera, umuvuduko wamavuta uzagenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi umuvuduko wamavuta ugomba kugenzurwa mugihe kiri hagati ya 200 - 250. Niba umuvuduko wamavuta ari muke cyane, birashobora guterwa nimpamvu nko guhagarika ecran ya filteri mumashanyarazi ya pompe, kumeneka kwamavuta cyangwa kunanirwa numuvuduko wamavuta wa peteroli, kandi birakenewe gukora 排查 no kuvura ukurikije ibisubizo bihuye byavuzwe haruguru; niba umuvuduko wamavuta ari mwinshi, umuyoboro wamavuta urashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko ukabije ugaturika. Muri iki gihe, birakenewe kugenzura niba igitutu cyamavuta ya peteroli ikora mubisanzwe no kuyihindura cyangwa kuyisimbuza nibiba ngombwa. Ingano yo gutanga amavuta yibi bikoresho bikomeza umuvuduko bigenwa nuburyo bwayo, kandi ingano yamavuta yavomwe icyarimwe ifitanye isano nubunini bwigitutu aho kuba amavuta. Iyo umuvuduko wamavuta ugeze mubisanzwe, ibice byumuvuduko bizakuramo amavuta mumuyoboro wamavuta kugirango ugere kumavuta yibice bitandukanye bigize igikoresho cyimashini.
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Niba uruziga rwamavuta rwikigo rutunganya imashini rutagabanya umuvuduko ukabije, igihe cyamavuta kigomba gushyirwaho wenyine ukurikije uko ibintu byifashe. Muri rusange, igihe kimwe cyo gusiga gishobora gushyirwaho amasegonda 15, kandi intera yo gusiga iri hagati yiminota 30 na 40. Ariko, niba igikoresho cyimashini gifite imiterere ya gari ya moshi igoye, kubera ko coeffisiyeti nini yo kugereranya ya gari ya moshi ikomeye hamwe nibisabwa cyane kugirango amavuta, intera yo gusiga igomba kugabanywa neza kugeza muminota 20 - 30. Niba intera yo gusiga amavuta ari ndende cyane, igipfundikizo cya plastike hejuru ya gari ya moshi irashobora gutwikwa kubera amavuta adahagije, bikagira ingaruka kumyizerere nubuzima bwa serivisi yimashini. Mugihe washyizeho amavuta hamwe nintera, ibintu nkibidukikije bikora hamwe nogutunganya umutwaro wigikoresho cyimashini nabyo bigomba gutekerezwa, kandi bigomba guhinduka hakurikijwe ingaruka zifatika.
Niba uruziga rwamavuta rwikigo rutunganya imashini rutagabanya umuvuduko ukabije, igihe cyamavuta kigomba gushyirwaho wenyine ukurikije uko ibintu byifashe. Muri rusange, igihe kimwe cyo gusiga gishobora gushyirwaho amasegonda 15, kandi intera yo gusiga iri hagati yiminota 30 na 40. Ariko, niba igikoresho cyimashini gifite imiterere ya gari ya moshi igoye, kubera ko coeffisiyeti nini yo kugereranya ya gari ya moshi ikomeye hamwe nibisabwa cyane kugirango amavuta, intera yo gusiga igomba kugabanywa neza kugeza muminota 20 - 30. Niba intera yo gusiga amavuta ari ndende cyane, igipfundikizo cya plastike hejuru ya gari ya moshi irashobora gutwikwa kubera amavuta adahagije, bikagira ingaruka kumyizerere nubuzima bwa serivisi yimashini. Mugihe washyizeho amavuta hamwe nintera, ibintu nkibidukikije bikora hamwe nogutunganya umutwaro wigikoresho cyimashini nabyo bigomba gutekerezwa, kandi bigomba guhinduka hakurikijwe ingaruka zifatika.
Mu gusoza, imikorere isanzwe ya pompe yamavuta mukigo gikora imashini ningirakamaro kugirango imikorere ihamye yimashini. Gusobanukirwa nimpamvu zitera kunanirwa kwa pompe yamavuta nibisubizo byabyo, kimwe no kumenya ibisabwa byihariye hamwe nibikorwa bya sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta munganda zikora imashini, birashobora gufasha abakora imashini zitunganya imashini gukemura ikibazo cya pompe yamavuta mugihe gikwiye kandi cyiza mubikorwa bya buri munsi, kwemeza imikorere yikigo gikora imashini, kunoza imikorere yumusaruro nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, no kugabanya ibiciro byo gufata neza ibikoresho nigihe gito. Muri icyo gihe, gufata neza pompe yamavuta hamwe na sisitemu yo gusiga munganda zikora imashini, nko kugenzura urwego rwamavuta, gusukura ecran ya filteri, no gusimbuza kashe, nabyo ni ingamba zingenzi zo gukumira kunanirwa kwa pompe yamavuta. Binyuze mu micungire ya siyanse no kuyitaho, ikigo gikora imashini gishobora guhora mumikorere myiza, gitanga ibikoresho bikomeye mubikorwa byo gukora no gukora inganda.
Mubikorwa nyirizina, mugihe uhuye nikibazo cya pompe yamavuta munganda zikora imashini, abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga bagomba gukomeza gutuza no gukora isuzuma ryamakosa no gusana bakurikije ihame ryo gutangirana byoroshye hanyuma bigoye kandi buhoro buhoro bakora iperereza. Komeza gukusanya uburambe, kunoza urwego rwabo rwa tekiniki hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukemura amakosa kugirango uhangane nibibazo bitandukanye byamavuta ya pompe. Gusa muri ubu buryo, uruganda rukora imashini rushobora gukora neza cyane murwego rwo gutunganya imashini kandi bigatanga inyungu nyinshi mubukungu.