Uburyo bwo guca imanza zukuri za Centre Machine Centre
Mu rwego rwo gutunganya imashini, ubunyangamugayo bwibigo bihingura imashini bifite akamaro kanini muburyo bwo gutunganya. Nkumukoresha, gusuzuma neza ukuri kwayo nintambwe yingenzi mugutunganya ingaruka zo gutunganya. Ibikurikira bizasobanura uburyo bwo gusuzuma neza ibigo bitunganya imashini.
Kugena Ibintu Bifitanye isano Igice Cyizamini
Ibikoresho, Ibikoresho no Gukata Ibipimo Byibizamini
Guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibizamini, ibikoresho n'ibipimo byo kugabanya bigira ingaruka itaziguye ku guca imanza zukuri. Ibi bintu mubisanzwe bigenwa hakurikijwe amasezerano hagati yinganda zikora n’umukoresha kandi bigomba kwandikwa neza.
Kubijyanye no guca umuvuduko, ni hafi 50 m / min kubice byuma; naho kubice bya aluminium, ni hafi 300 m / min. Igipimo gikwiye cyo kugaburira kiri muri (0.05 - 0,10) mm / iryinyo. Kubijyanye no guca ubujyakuzimu, ubujyakuzimu bwa radiyo kubikorwa byose byo gusya bigomba kuba mm 0.2. Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro ibipimo ni ishingiro ryo gusuzuma neza ukuri nyuma. Kurugero, umuvuduko mwinshi wo kugabanya umuvuduko urashobora gutuma ibikoresho byiyongera kandi bikagira ingaruka kubikorwa bitunganijwe; igipimo cyibiryo kidakwiye gishobora gutera ubuso bwigice cyigice cyatunganijwe kunanirwa kubahiriza ibisabwa.
Guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibizamini, ibikoresho n'ibipimo byo kugabanya bigira ingaruka itaziguye ku guca imanza zukuri. Ibi bintu mubisanzwe bigenwa hakurikijwe amasezerano hagati yinganda zikora n’umukoresha kandi bigomba kwandikwa neza.
Kubijyanye no guca umuvuduko, ni hafi 50 m / min kubice byuma; naho kubice bya aluminium, ni hafi 300 m / min. Igipimo gikwiye cyo kugaburira kiri muri (0.05 - 0,10) mm / iryinyo. Kubijyanye no guca ubujyakuzimu, ubujyakuzimu bwa radiyo kubikorwa byose byo gusya bigomba kuba mm 0.2. Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro ibipimo ni ishingiro ryo gusuzuma neza ukuri nyuma. Kurugero, umuvuduko mwinshi wo kugabanya umuvuduko urashobora gutuma ibikoresho byiyongera kandi bikagira ingaruka kubikorwa bitunganijwe; igipimo cyibiryo kidakwiye gishobora gutera ubuso bwigice cyigice cyatunganijwe kunanirwa kubahiriza ibisabwa.
Gukosora Ikizamini
Uburyo bwo gutunganya igice cyibizamini bifitanye isano itaziguye mugihe cyo gutunganya. Igice cyikizamini kigomba gushyirwaho byoroshye kumurongo wihariye kugirango umenye neza ko igikoresho gihamye. Igice cyo kwishyiriraho ibice hamwe nikizamini kigomba kuba kiringaniye, nicyo gisabwa kugirango habeho gutunganya neza. Muri icyo gihe, uburinganire buri hagati yubushakashatsi bwakorewe igice cyikizamini hamwe nubuso bufatanye bwibikoresho bigomba kugenzurwa.
Kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gufatana, inzira ikwiye gukoreshwa kugirango igikoresho gishobore kwinjira no gutunganya uburebure bwuzuye bwumwobo rwagati. Kurugero, birasabwa gukoresha imashini ya comptersunk kugirango ikosore igice cyikizamini, gishobora kwirinda neza kwivanga hagati yigikoresho na screw. Birumvikana, ubundi buryo buhwanye nabwo burashobora gutoranywa. Uburebure bwuzuye bwikizamini biterwa nuburyo bwatoranijwe bwo gukosora. Uburebure bukwiye burashobora kwemeza guhagarara kumwanya wikizamini mugihe cyo gutunganya no kugabanya gutandukana kwukuri guterwa nibintu nko kunyeganyega.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya igice cyibizamini bifitanye isano itaziguye mugihe cyo gutunganya. Igice cyikizamini kigomba gushyirwaho byoroshye kumurongo wihariye kugirango umenye neza ko igikoresho gihamye. Igice cyo kwishyiriraho ibice hamwe nikizamini kigomba kuba kiringaniye, nicyo gisabwa kugirango habeho gutunganya neza. Muri icyo gihe, uburinganire buri hagati yubushakashatsi bwakorewe igice cyikizamini hamwe nubuso bufatanye bwibikoresho bigomba kugenzurwa.
Kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gufatana, inzira ikwiye gukoreshwa kugirango igikoresho gishobore kwinjira no gutunganya uburebure bwuzuye bwumwobo rwagati. Kurugero, birasabwa gukoresha imashini ya comptersunk kugirango ikosore igice cyikizamini, gishobora kwirinda neza kwivanga hagati yigikoresho na screw. Birumvikana, ubundi buryo buhwanye nabwo burashobora gutoranywa. Uburebure bwuzuye bwikizamini biterwa nuburyo bwatoranijwe bwo gukosora. Uburebure bukwiye burashobora kwemeza guhagarara kumwanya wikizamini mugihe cyo gutunganya no kugabanya gutandukana kwukuri guterwa nibintu nko kunyeganyega.
Ingano yikizamini
Nyuma yo gukata inshuro nyinshi, ibipimo byo hanze yikizamini bizagabanuka kandi umwobo wa diameter uziyongera. Iyo bikoreshejwe mugusuzuma kwakirwa, kugirango hagaragazwe neza neza gukata neza kwikigo gikora imashini, birasabwa guhitamo ibipimo byanyuma byo gutunganya ibizamini kugirango bihuze nibisobanuwe mubisanzwe. Igice cyikizamini gishobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi mugukata ibizamini, ariko ibisobanuro byacyo bigomba kubikwa muri ± 10% yingero ziranga zitangwa nibisanzwe. Iyo igice cyikizamini cyongeye gukoreshwa, hagomba gukorwa igipande cyoroshye kugirango gisukure ahantu hose mbere yo gukora ikizamini gishya cyo gukata neza. Ibi birashobora kuvanaho ingaruka zasigaye mubitunganijwe byabanje kandi bigatuma buri gisubizo cyibizamini kigaragaza neza uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe.
Nyuma yo gukata inshuro nyinshi, ibipimo byo hanze yikizamini bizagabanuka kandi umwobo wa diameter uziyongera. Iyo bikoreshejwe mugusuzuma kwakirwa, kugirango hagaragazwe neza neza gukata neza kwikigo gikora imashini, birasabwa guhitamo ibipimo byanyuma byo gutunganya ibizamini kugirango bihuze nibisobanuwe mubisanzwe. Igice cyikizamini gishobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi mugukata ibizamini, ariko ibisobanuro byacyo bigomba kubikwa muri ± 10% yingero ziranga zitangwa nibisanzwe. Iyo igice cyikizamini cyongeye gukoreshwa, hagomba gukorwa igipande cyoroshye kugirango gisukure ahantu hose mbere yo gukora ikizamini gishya cyo gukata neza. Ibi birashobora kuvanaho ingaruka zasigaye mubitunganijwe byabanje kandi bigatuma buri gisubizo cyibizamini kigaragaza neza uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe.
Umwanya wikizamini
Igice cyikizamini kigomba gushyirwa mumwanya wo hagati wa X stroke yikigo gihagaze neza kandi mukibanza gikwiye cyerekeranye na axe Y na Z ikwiranye nu mwanya wikizamini hamwe nuburebure bwuburebure bwigikoresho. Ariko, mugihe hari ibisabwa byihariye kumwanya uhagaze wikizamini, bigomba gusobanurwa neza mumasezerano hagati yinganda zikora nuyikoresha. Imyanya ikwiye irashobora kwemeza neza isano iri hagati yigikoresho nigice cyikizamini mugihe cyo gutunganya, bityo bigatuma neza gutunganya neza. Niba igice cyikizamini gishyizwe muburyo budakwiye, birashobora kuganisha kubibazo nko gutunganya ibipimo byo gutandukana no kwibeshya. Kurugero, gutandukana kumwanya wo hagati muri X icyerekezo gishobora gutera amakosa yibipimo muburebure bwicyerekezo cyibikorwa byatunganijwe; imyanya idakwiye ku murongo wa Y na Z irashobora kugira ingaruka kubikorwa byakazi muburebure n'ubugari.
Igice cyikizamini kigomba gushyirwa mumwanya wo hagati wa X stroke yikigo gihagaze neza kandi mukibanza gikwiye cyerekeranye na axe Y na Z ikwiranye nu mwanya wikizamini hamwe nuburebure bwuburebure bwigikoresho. Ariko, mugihe hari ibisabwa byihariye kumwanya uhagaze wikizamini, bigomba gusobanurwa neza mumasezerano hagati yinganda zikora nuyikoresha. Imyanya ikwiye irashobora kwemeza neza isano iri hagati yigikoresho nigice cyikizamini mugihe cyo gutunganya, bityo bigatuma neza gutunganya neza. Niba igice cyikizamini gishyizwe muburyo budakwiye, birashobora kuganisha kubibazo nko gutunganya ibipimo byo gutandukana no kwibeshya. Kurugero, gutandukana kumwanya wo hagati muri X icyerekezo gishobora gutera amakosa yibipimo muburebure bwicyerekezo cyibikorwa byatunganijwe; imyanya idakwiye ku murongo wa Y na Z irashobora kugira ingaruka kubikorwa byakazi muburebure n'ubugari.
Ibintu byihariye byo gutahura nuburyo bwo gutunganya neza
Kumenya neza ibipimo bifatika
Ibipimo Byukuri
Koresha ibikoresho byo gupima (nka calipers, micrometero, nibindi) kugirango upime ibipimo byumurongo wikizamini cyatunganijwe. Kurugero, bapima uburebure, ubugari, uburebure nubundi bipimo byakazi hanyuma ubigereranye nubunini bwateganijwe. Kubikorwa byo gutunganya hamwe nibisabwa byukuri, gutandukana kurwego bigomba kugenzurwa murwego ruto cyane, mubisanzwe kurwego rwa micron. Mugupima ibipimo byumurongo mubyerekezo byinshi, umwanya uhagaze wikigo gikora imashini muri X, Y, Z amashoka arashobora gusuzumwa neza.
Ibipimo Byukuri
Koresha ibikoresho byo gupima (nka calipers, micrometero, nibindi) kugirango upime ibipimo byumurongo wikizamini cyatunganijwe. Kurugero, bapima uburebure, ubugari, uburebure nubundi bipimo byakazi hanyuma ubigereranye nubunini bwateganijwe. Kubikorwa byo gutunganya hamwe nibisabwa byukuri, gutandukana kurwego bigomba kugenzurwa murwego ruto cyane, mubisanzwe kurwego rwa micron. Mugupima ibipimo byumurongo mubyerekezo byinshi, umwanya uhagaze wikigo gikora imashini muri X, Y, Z amashoka arashobora gusuzumwa neza.
Uburinganire bwa Diameter
Kubyobo byatunganijwe, ibikoresho nkibipimo bya diametre yimbere hamwe na mashini yo gupima imashini irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango tumenye umwobo wa diameter. Ubusobanuro bwa diameter ya mwobo ntabwo bukubiyemo gusa ibisabwa ko ingano ya diameter yujuje ibisabwa, ariko kandi n'ibipimo nka silindrike. Niba umwobo wa diameter gutandukana ari munini cyane, birashobora guterwa nimpamvu nko kwambara ibikoresho hamwe na spindle radial runout.
Kubyobo byatunganijwe, ibikoresho nkibipimo bya diametre yimbere hamwe na mashini yo gupima imashini irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango tumenye umwobo wa diameter. Ubusobanuro bwa diameter ya mwobo ntabwo bukubiyemo gusa ibisabwa ko ingano ya diameter yujuje ibisabwa, ariko kandi n'ibipimo nka silindrike. Niba umwobo wa diameter gutandukana ari munini cyane, birashobora guterwa nimpamvu nko kwambara ibikoresho hamwe na spindle radial runout.
Kumenya neza Imiterere
Kumenya Uburinganire
Koresha ibikoresho nkurwego na optique ya optique kugirango umenye uburinganire bwindege yatunganijwe. Shira urwego ku ndege yatunganijwe hanyuma umenye ikosa riringaniye witegereza impinduka mumwanya wa bubble. Kuburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya, ikosa rya flatness rigomba kuba rito cyane, bitabaye ibyo bizagira ingaruka kubiterane bizakurikiraho nibindi bikorwa. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya umurongo ngenderwaho wibikoresho byimashini nizindi ndege, ibisabwa biringaniye ni hejuru cyane. Niba irenze ikosa ryemewe, bizatera ibice byimuka kumurongo wuyobora gukora bidasubirwaho.
Kumenya Uburinganire
Koresha ibikoresho nkurwego na optique ya optique kugirango umenye uburinganire bwindege yatunganijwe. Shira urwego ku ndege yatunganijwe hanyuma umenye ikosa riringaniye witegereza impinduka mumwanya wa bubble. Kuburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya, ikosa rya flatness rigomba kuba rito cyane, bitabaye ibyo bizagira ingaruka kubiterane bizakurikiraho nibindi bikorwa. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya umurongo ngenderwaho wibikoresho byimashini nizindi ndege, ibisabwa biringaniye ni hejuru cyane. Niba irenze ikosa ryemewe, bizatera ibice byimuka kumurongo wuyobora gukora bidasubirwaho.
Kumenya kuzenguruka
Kubizunguruka bizunguruka (nka silinderi, cones, nibindi) byatunganijwe, ikizamini cyizunguruka kirashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye. Ikosa ryo kuzenguruka ryerekana imiterere yukuri yimashini mugihe cyo kuzunguruka. Ibintu nkizunguruka ryukuri rya spindle hamwe nimirasire yumurongo wigikoresho bizagira ingaruka kumurongo. Niba ikosa ryo kuzenguruka ari rinini cyane, birashobora gutuma habaho ubusumbane mugihe cyo kuzenguruka ibice bya mashini kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe yibikoresho.
Kubizunguruka bizunguruka (nka silinderi, cones, nibindi) byatunganijwe, ikizamini cyizunguruka kirashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye. Ikosa ryo kuzenguruka ryerekana imiterere yukuri yimashini mugihe cyo kuzunguruka. Ibintu nkizunguruka ryukuri rya spindle hamwe nimirasire yumurongo wigikoresho bizagira ingaruka kumurongo. Niba ikosa ryo kuzenguruka ari rinini cyane, birashobora gutuma habaho ubusumbane mugihe cyo kuzenguruka ibice bya mashini kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe yibikoresho.
Kumenya neza imyanya
Kumenya Kuringaniza
Menya uburinganire hagati yimiterere yatunganijwe cyangwa hagati yumwobo nubuso. Kurugero, gupima uburinganire hagati yindege ebyiri, indangururamajwi irashobora gukoreshwa. Kosora ibipimo byerekana kuri spindle, kora umutwe werekana guhuza indege yapimwe, kwimura intebe yakazi, hanyuma urebe impinduka mugusoma ibipimo byerekana. Ikosa rirenze urugero rishobora guterwa nimpamvu nkikosa rigororotse rya gari ya moshi iyobora hamwe nubushake bwakazi.
Kumenya Kuringaniza
Menya uburinganire hagati yimiterere yatunganijwe cyangwa hagati yumwobo nubuso. Kurugero, gupima uburinganire hagati yindege ebyiri, indangururamajwi irashobora gukoreshwa. Kosora ibipimo byerekana kuri spindle, kora umutwe werekana guhuza indege yapimwe, kwimura intebe yakazi, hanyuma urebe impinduka mugusoma ibipimo byerekana. Ikosa rirenze urugero rishobora guterwa nimpamvu nkikosa rigororotse rya gari ya moshi iyobora hamwe nubushake bwakazi.
Kumenya Perpendicularity
Menya perpendicularité hagati yimiterere yatunganijwe cyangwa hagati yumwobo nubuso ukoresheje ibikoresho nka gerageza kare hamwe nibikoresho bipima perpendicularity. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya agasanduku-ubwoko bwibice, perpendicularity hagati yimiterere itandukanye yagasanduku igira ingaruka zikomeye kubiterane no gukoresha imikorere yibice. Ikosa rya perpendicularity rishobora guterwa no gutandukana kwa perpendicularity hagati ya coorde ya axe yigikoresho cyimashini.
Menya perpendicularité hagati yimiterere yatunganijwe cyangwa hagati yumwobo nubuso ukoresheje ibikoresho nka gerageza kare hamwe nibikoresho bipima perpendicularity. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya agasanduku-ubwoko bwibice, perpendicularity hagati yimiterere itandukanye yagasanduku igira ingaruka zikomeye kubiterane no gukoresha imikorere yibice. Ikosa rya perpendicularity rishobora guterwa no gutandukana kwa perpendicularity hagati ya coorde ya axe yigikoresho cyimashini.
Isuzumabumenyi ryukuri
Kumenya kunyeganyega
Mugihe cyo gutunganya, koresha ibyuma byinyeganyeza kugirango umenye uko ihindagurika ryikigo gikora. Kunyeganyega birashobora gukurura ibibazo nko kwiyongera hejuru yubuso bwigice cyatunganijwe no kwambara ibikoresho byihuse. Iyo usesenguye inshuro na amplitude yo kunyeganyega, birashoboka kumenya niba hari amasoko adasanzwe yo kunyeganyega, nkibice bitaringaniza ibice hamwe nibice bidakabije. Kubigo byogukora neza cyane, amplitude yinyeganyeza igomba kugenzurwa kurwego rwo hasi cyane kugirango hamenyekane neza ko gutunganya neza.
Mugihe cyo gutunganya, koresha ibyuma byinyeganyeza kugirango umenye uko ihindagurika ryikigo gikora. Kunyeganyega birashobora gukurura ibibazo nko kwiyongera hejuru yubuso bwigice cyatunganijwe no kwambara ibikoresho byihuse. Iyo usesenguye inshuro na amplitude yo kunyeganyega, birashoboka kumenya niba hari amasoko adasanzwe yo kunyeganyega, nkibice bitaringaniza ibice hamwe nibice bidakabije. Kubigo byogukora neza cyane, amplitude yinyeganyeza igomba kugenzurwa kurwego rwo hasi cyane kugirango hamenyekane neza ko gutunganya neza.
Kumenya Imiterere yubushyuhe
Ikigo gikora imashini kizatanga ubushyuhe mugihe cyigihe kirekire, bityo bigatera guhindagurika. Koresha ibyuma bifata ubushyuhe kugirango upime ibice byingenzi (nka spindle na gari ya moshi iyobora) ihinduka ryubushyuhe kandi uhuze nibikoresho byo gupima kugirango umenye impinduka muburyo bwo gutunganya. Guhindura ubushyuhe birashobora kuganisha kumahinduka gahoro gahoro murwego rwo gutunganya. Kurugero, kurambura kwa spindle munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru birashobora gutera gutandukana kurwego rwerekezo rwicyerekezo cyakazi. Kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro kubwukuri, ibigo bimwe na bimwe byateye imbere bifite ibikoresho byo gukonjesha kugirango bigabanye ubushyuhe.
Ikigo gikora imashini kizatanga ubushyuhe mugihe cyigihe kirekire, bityo bigatera guhindagurika. Koresha ibyuma bifata ubushyuhe kugirango upime ibice byingenzi (nka spindle na gari ya moshi iyobora) ihinduka ryubushyuhe kandi uhuze nibikoresho byo gupima kugirango umenye impinduka muburyo bwo gutunganya. Guhindura ubushyuhe birashobora kuganisha kumahinduka gahoro gahoro murwego rwo gutunganya. Kurugero, kurambura kwa spindle munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru birashobora gutera gutandukana kurwego rwerekezo rwicyerekezo cyakazi. Kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro kubwukuri, ibigo bimwe na bimwe byateye imbere bifite ibikoresho byo gukonjesha kugirango bigabanye ubushyuhe.
Kuzirikana Gusimbuza Ukuri
Kugereranya Ukuri Kwinshi Gutunganya Igice kimwe Cyikizamini
Mugutunganya inshuro nyinshi ikizamini kimwe no gukoresha uburyo bwo gutahura hejuru kugirango bapime ukuri kwa buri gice cyakozwe. Itegereze gusubiramo ibipimo nkibipimo bifatika, imiterere nyayo nukuri neza. Niba gusubiramo neza ari bibi, birashobora kuganisha ku bwiza budahwitse bwibikorwa bitunganijwe. Kurugero, mugutunganya ibishushanyo, niba ibyasubiwemo byukuri ari bike, birashobora gutuma ibipimo byimyanya yububiko bidahuza, bikagira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yububiko.
Mugutunganya inshuro nyinshi ikizamini kimwe no gukoresha uburyo bwo gutahura hejuru kugirango bapime ukuri kwa buri gice cyakozwe. Itegereze gusubiramo ibipimo nkibipimo bifatika, imiterere nyayo nukuri neza. Niba gusubiramo neza ari bibi, birashobora kuganisha ku bwiza budahwitse bwibikorwa bitunganijwe. Kurugero, mugutunganya ibishushanyo, niba ibyasubiwemo byukuri ari bike, birashobora gutuma ibipimo byimyanya yububiko bidahuza, bikagira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yububiko.
Mu gusoza, nkumukoresha, kugirango tumenye neza kandi neza neza neza ibigo bikoresha imashini ihagaritse, birakenewe ko duhera kubintu byinshi nko gutegura ibice byikizamini (harimo ibikoresho, ibikoresho, gukata ibipimo, kugena no gupima), gushyira ibice byikizamini, gutahura ibintu bitandukanye byo gutunganya neza (kugereranya ibipimo, kumenya neza neza uko ibintu bimeze), no gusuzuma neza ko bigenda neza. Gusa murubu buryo, uruganda rukora imashini rushobora kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango rutunganyirizwe mugihe cyo kubyara umusaruro kandi rutange ibice byujuje ubuziranenge.