Isesengura nigisubizo cyibikoresho bidakuraho imikorere mibi yimashini
Abstract: Uru rupapuro rusobanura mu buryo burambuye ku mikorere isanzwe mu bikoresho bidakoreshwa mu bigo bikoresha imashini n'ibisubizo byabyo. Guhindura ibikoresho byikora (ATC) byikigo gikora imashini bigira ingaruka zikomeye muburyo bwo gutunganya no gukora neza, kandi ibikoresho bidakuraho imikorere ni ibintu bisanzwe kandi bigoye muri bo. Binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse ku mpamvu zinyuranye zitera imikorere mibi, nk'ibidasanzwe mu bice nk'igikoresho kidafunga valve ya solenoid, ibikoresho bya spindle bikubita silinderi, amasahani y'amasoko, hamwe no gukurura inzara, hamwe n'ibibazo bijyanye n'amasoko yo mu kirere, buto, na muzunguruko, kandi bigahuzwa n'ingamba zijyanye no gukemura ibibazo, kugira ngo bikemure vuba kandi neza. ibigo bitunganya, no kunoza umusaruro no gutunganya ubuziranenge.
I. Intangiriro
Nkibikoresho byibanze mubijyanye no gutunganya imashini zigezweho, guhindura ibikoresho byikora (ATC) byikigo gikora imashini byateje imbere cyane gutunganya no gukora neza. Muri byo, igikoresho kidafungura imikorere ni urufunguzo rwibanze muburyo bwo guhindura ibikoresho. Igikoresho kimaze gukuraho imikorere idahwitse kibaye, bizahita biganisha ku guhagarika gutunganya no kugira ingaruka kubikorwa byiterambere ndetse nubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Niyo mpamvu, bifite akamaro kanini kugira ngo dusobanukirwe byimbitse imikorere mibi isanzwe mugikoresho kidafungura ibigo byimashini nibisubizo byabyo.
II. Incamake yubwoko bwibikoresho byikora byahinduwe mubikoresho byimashini hamwe nigikoresho kidakuraho imikorere mibi
Hariho uburyo bubiri bukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhindura ibikoresho kuburyo bwikora bwo guhindura ibikoresho (ATC) mubigo bikora. Imwe ni uko igikoresho gihindurwa bitaziguye na spindle kuva mubinyamakuru. Ubu buryo burakoreshwa mubigo bito byo gutunganya, birangwa nikinyamakuru gito ugereranije, ibikoresho bike, hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye guhindura imikorere. Iyo imikorere idahwitse nko guta ibikoresho bibaye, kubera imiterere isa naho itoroshye, biroroshye kubona intandaro yikibazo no kuyikuraho mugihe gikwiye. Ibindi ni ukwishingikiriza kuri manipulator kugirango urangize guhana ibikoresho hagati ya spindle n'ikinyamakuru ibikoresho. Duhereye ku miterere n'imikorere, ubu buryo buragoye, burimo ubufatanye buhujwe bwibikoresho byinshi bya mashini nibikorwa. Kubwibyo, ibishoboka nubwoko bwimikorere idahwitse mugihe igikoresho cyo kudafungura ni byinshi.
Mugihe cyo gukoresha imashini zitunganya, kunanirwa kurekura igikoresho ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kwerekana ibikoresho bidakuraho imikorere mibi. Iyi mikorere mibi irashobora guterwa nimpamvu nyinshi, kandi ibikurikira bizakora isesengura rirambuye ryimpamvu zitandukanye zitera imikorere mibi.
Mugihe cyo gukoresha imashini zitunganya, kunanirwa kurekura igikoresho ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kwerekana ibikoresho bidakuraho imikorere mibi. Iyi mikorere mibi irashobora guterwa nimpamvu nyinshi, kandi ibikurikira bizakora isesengura rirambuye ryimpamvu zitandukanye zitera imikorere mibi.
III. Isesengura ryibitera igikoresho kidahuza imikorere mibi
(I) Ibyangiritse kubikoresho bitavunitse Solenoid Valve
Igikoresho kidafungura solenoid valve igira uruhare runini mugucunga icyerekezo cyimyuka yumwuka cyangwa amavuta ya hydraulic mugihe igikoresho cyo kudafungura. Iyo valve ya solenoid yangiritse, ntishobora kuba ishobora guhindura umwuka cyangwa uruziga rwamavuta mubisanzwe, bikavamo kutabasha kohereza ingufu zikenewe kubikoresho bidafunze ibice bijyanye. Kurugero, ibibazo nkibikoresho bya valve bigenda bifata cyangwa amashanyarazi ya electromagnetic yaka bishobora kugaragara muri valve ya solenoid. Niba intanga ya valve ifatanye, solenoid valve ntishobora guhindura imiterere-yimiyoboro yimiyoboro imbere muri valve ukurikije amabwiriza. Niba amashanyarazi ya electromagnetic yaka, bizahita biganisha ku gutakaza imikorere yo kugenzura ya solenoid valve.
(II) Ibyangiritse kuri Spindle Tool-Hiting Cylinder
Igikoresho cya spindle gikubita silinderi nikintu cyingenzi gitanga imbaraga kubikoresho bidafungura. Kwangirika kwa silinderi yibikoresho bishobora kugaragara nkumwuka wumwuka cyangwa amavuta yamenetse yatewe no gusaza cyangwa kwangirika kashe, bikaviramo ubushobozi buke bwa silinderi ikubita ibikoresho kugirango itange imbaraga zihagije cyangwa gukurura kugirango urangize igikoresho kidacana. Byongeye kandi, kwambara cyangwa guhindura ibice nka piston na piston inkoni imbere muri silinderi ikubita ibikoresho nabyo bizagira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe kandi bibangamire imikorere idahwitse.
(III) Ibyangiritse kuri plaque ya Spindle
Isahani ya spindle ifite uruhare runini mugikoresho cyo kudafungura, kurugero, gutanga buffer runaka ya elastike mugihe igikoresho gifatanye kandi kikarekurwa. Iyo amasahani yamasoko yangiritse, ntibashobora gutanga imbaraga za elastique ikwiye, bikavamo igikoresho kitameze neza kidakora. Isahani yamasoko irashobora kugira ibihe nko kuvunika, guhindagurika, cyangwa gukomera kwa elastique. Isahani yamenetse ntishobora gukora bisanzwe. Isahani ihindagurika izahindura ibiranga imbaraga zayo, kandi intege nke za elastique zirashobora gutuma igikoresho kidatandukana rwose na reta ya spindle mugihe igikoresho kidafungura.
(IV) Ibyangiritse kuri Spindle Pull Claws
Kuzunguruka kuzunguruka ni ibice bihuza neza nigikoresho cya shank kugirango ugere no gufunga igikoresho. Kwangirika kwizuru rishobora gukururwa no kwambara bitewe no gukoresha igihe kirekire, bikaviramo kugabanuka kwukuri gukwiye hagati yimigozi ikurura nigikoresho cyanone hamwe no kudashobora gufata neza cyangwa kurekura igikoresho. Gukurura inzara zirashobora kandi kugira ibintu byangiritse cyane nko kuvunika cyangwa guhindura ibintu. Mu bihe nk'ibi, igikoresho ntigishobora kurekurwa bisanzwe.
(V) Inkomoko y'ikirere idahagije
Mu bigo bitunganyirizwamo ibikoresho bifite pneumatike igikoresho cyo kudafungura, gutuza no guhaza isoko y’ikirere ni ingenzi cyane ku bikoresho bidacana. Inkomoko y’ikirere idahagije irashobora guterwa nimpamvu nko kunanirwa kwangirika kwikirere, guturika cyangwa guhagarika imiyoboro yumuyaga, no guhindura nabi umuvuduko wumwuka. Iyo umuvuduko wumwuka wumuyaga udahagije, ntushobora gutanga imbaraga zihagije kubikoresho bidacana ibikoresho, bikavamo kutabasha ibice nka silinderi yo gukubita ibikoresho gukora bisanzwe, bityo imikorere mibi yo kudashobora kurekura igikoresho bizabaho.
(VI) Guhuza nabi kw'igikoresho kidafungura Buto
Igikoresho kidacomeka buto nikintu gikoreshwa gikoreshwa nabashinzwe gukurura igikoresho kidakuraho amabwiriza. Niba buto ifite imikoranire idahwitse, irashobora kuganisha kubushobozi bwigikoresho kidacana ibimenyetso kugirango cyoherezwe muri sisitemu yo kugenzura bisanzwe, bityo igikoresho kidafungura ntigishobora gutangira. Guhuza nabi kwa buto birashobora guterwa nimpamvu nka okiside, kwambara kwimbere, cyangwa kunanirwa kw'impeshyi.
(VII) Inzitizi zacitse
Igikoresho kidasiba kugenzura ikigo gikora imashini kirimo guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Imirongo yamenetse izaganisha ku guhagarika ibimenyetso byo kugenzura. Kurugero, imiyoboro ihuza ibice nkigikoresho kidacana solenoid valve hamwe na sensor ya silinderi igikoresho gishobora gucika kubera kunyeganyega igihe kirekire, kwambara, cyangwa gukururwa nimbaraga zo hanze. Nyuma yumuzunguruko umaze kumeneka, ibice bireba ntibishobora kwakira ibimenyetso byukuri byo kugenzura, kandi igikoresho kidacana ntigishobora gukorwa mubisanzwe.
(VIII) Kubura Amavuta mu Gikombe Cyamavuta ya Cylinder Igikombe
Ku bigo bitunganyirizwamo ibikoresho bifite hydraulic igikoresho cyo gukubita silinderi, kubura amavuta mu gikombe cyamavuta ya silinderi yibikoresho bizagira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe ya silinderi ikubita. Amavuta adahagije azana amavuta mabi imbere muri silinderi ikubita ibikoresho, byongere imbaraga zo guhangana hagati yibigize, kandi birashobora no gutuma silinderi ikubita igikoresho idashobora kubaka umuvuduko uhagije wamavuta kugirango itume piston igenda, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumikorere myiza yibikoresho bidakoreshwa.
(IX) Igikoresho Shank Ikusanyirizo ryumukiriya ntabwo ryujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa
Niba igikoresho shank collet ikoreshwa numukiriya itujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byikigo gikora imashini, ibibazo bishobora kubaho mugihe cyo gukuramo ibikoresho. Kurugero, niba ubunini bwa collet ari bunini cyane cyangwa buto cyane, birashobora gutuma uruziga rukurura inzara rudashobora gufata neza cyangwa kurekura igikoresho cya shank, cyangwa kubyara imbaraga zidasanzwe mugihe ibikoresho bidafunze, bikaviramo kunanirwa kurekura igikoresho.
IV. Uburyo bwo Gukemura Ikibazo Cyigikoresho Kudakuraho imikorere mibi
(I) Reba imikorere ya Solenoid Valve hanyuma uyisimbuze niba yangiritse
Ubwa mbere, koresha ibikoresho byumwuga kugirango ugenzure imikorere yigikoresho kidacana solenoid valve. Urashobora kwitegereza niba intandaro ya valve ya solenoid ikora mubisanzwe iyo ikoreshejwe kandi ikazimya, cyangwa ugakoresha multimeter kugirango urebe niba agaciro ko guhangana na coil ya electromagnetic coil ya solenoid iri murwego rusanzwe. Niba bigaragaye ko intanga ya valve ifatanye, urashobora kugerageza gusukura no kubungabunga solenoid valve kugirango ukureho umwanda numwanda hejuru yububiko bwa valve. Niba amashanyarazi ya electromagnetic yaka, valve nshya ya solenoid igomba gusimburwa. Mugihe usimbuye valve ya solenoid, menya neza guhitamo ibicuruzwa bifite moderi imwe cyangwa ihuje nkiyambere hanyuma ukayishyiraho ukurikije intambwe nziza yo kwishyiriraho.
(II) Reba imikorere ya Cilinder ya Tool-Hiting hanyuma uyisimbuze niba yangiritse
Kubikoresho bya spindle-hit-silinderi, reba imikorere yayo yo gufunga, kugenda piston, nibindi. Urashobora mbere na mbere kumenya niba kashe yangiritse nukureba niba hari imyuka ihumeka cyangwa amavuta yamenetse hanze ya silinderi ikubita ibikoresho. Niba haribisohoka, birakenewe gusenya silinderi ikubita ibikoresho hanyuma ugasimbuza kashe. Mugihe kimwe, reba niba hari kwambara cyangwa guhindura ibintu nka piston na piston. Niba hari ibibazo, ibice bihuye bigomba gusimburwa mugihe gikwiye. Mugihe ushyiraho silinderi igikoresho, witondere guhindura inkoni hamwe na piston kugirango urebe ko bihuye nibisabwa nigikoresho kidacana.
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Mugihe ugenzura amasahani ya spindle, reba neza niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragara byangiritse nko kuvunika cyangwa guhindura ibintu. Kubisahani byahinduwe gato, urashobora kugerageza kubisana. Nyamara, kubisahani yamasoko yamenetse, yahinduwe cyane, cyangwa yagabanije elastique, amasahani mashya agomba gusimburwa. Mugihe usimbuye ibyapa byamasoko, witondere guhitamo ibisobanuro nibikoresho bikwiye kugirango umenye neza ko imikorere yabo yujuje ibisabwa nikigo gikora imashini.
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Mugihe ugenzura uruziga rukurura inzara, banza urebe niba hari kwambara, kuvunika, nibindi kumiterere yo gukurura inzara. Noneho koresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe kugirango upime neza neza hagati yo gukurura inzara nigikoresho cya shanki, nko kumenya niba icyuho ari kinini. Niba inzara zo gukurura zambarwa, zirashobora gusanwa. Kurugero, ubuso burashobora kugarurwa binyuze mu gusya hamwe nibindi bikorwa. Kubikurura inzara zavunitse cyangwa zambarwa cyane kandi ntizishobora gusanwa, inzara nshya zo gukurura zigomba gusimburwa. Nyuma yo gusimbuza inzara zo gukurura, gukemura bigomba gukorwa kugirango barebe ko bashobora gufata neza no kurekura igikoresho.
(V) Reba Impamyabumenyi Yangiritse kuri Buto hanyuma uyisimbuze niba yangiritse
Kubikoresho bidafungura buto, gusibanganya buto ya shell hanyuma urebe okisideya no kwambara byimbere imbere kimwe nuburyo bworoshye bwamasoko. Niba imibonano ihujwe na okiside, urashobora gukoresha sandpaper kugirango witonze kandi ukureho oxyde. Niba imibonano yambarwa cyane cyangwa isoko yananiwe, buto nshya igomba gusimburwa. Mugihe ushyiraho buto, menya neza ko buto yashizwemo neza, imikorere irumva ari ibisanzwe, kandi irashobora kohereza neza igikoresho kidacana ibimenyetso kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura.
(VI) Reba niba Inzitizi zacitse
Reba ku gikoresho kidafungura imiyoboro yo kugenzura kugirango urebe niba hari imirongo yamenetse. Kubikekwa ko byavunitse, urashobora gukoresha multimeter kugirango ukore ikizamini cyo gukomeza. Niba bigaragaye ko umuzenguruko wacitse, shakisha umwanya wihariye wo kuruhuka, gabanya igice cyangiritse cyumuzunguruko, hanyuma ukoreshe ibikoresho bihuza insinga zikwiye nko gusudira cyangwa guhina kugirango ubihuze. Nyuma yo guhuza, koresha ibikoresho byokuzimya nka insuline kaseti kugirango ukingire uruziga kugirango wirinde imiyoboro ngufi nibindi bibazo.
(VII) Uzuza Amavuta mu gikombe cyamavuta ya Cylinder Igikombe
Niba imikorere mibi iterwa no kubura amavuta mu gikombe gikubita amavuta ya silinderi, banza ushake umwanya wigikoresho gikubita ibikoresho bya peteroli. Noneho koresha ubwoko bwihariye bwamavuta ya hydraulic kugirango wuzuze buhoro buhoro mumavuta mugikombe cyamavuta mugihe witegereje urwego rwamavuta mugikombe cyamavuta kandi nturenze urugero ntarengwa rwigikombe cyamavuta. Nyuma yo kuzuza amavuta, tangira ikigo gikora imashini hanyuma ukore ibizamini byinshi bidapakurura ibikorwa kugirango amavuta azenguruke imbere muri silinderi ikubita kandi urebe ko silinderi ikubita igikoresho ikora bisanzwe.
(VIII) Shyiramo ibyegeranyo byujuje ubuziranenge
Mugihe bigaragaye ko igikoresho shank collet yumukiriya kitujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, umukiriya agomba kumenyeshwa mugihe gikwiye kandi agasabwa gusimbuza ibikoresho shank collet yujuje ibisobanuro bisanzwe byikigo gikora imashini. Nyuma yo gusimbuza collet, gerageza kwishyiriraho igikoresho nigikoresho cyo kudafungura kugirango umenye neza ko igikoresho kidakuraho imikorere mibi yatewe nibibazo bya collet bitakibaho.
V. Ingamba zo gukumira ibikoresho bidakuraho imikorere mibi
Usibye kuba ushobora guhita ukuraho ibikoresho bidahwitse imikorere idahwitse iyo bibaye, gufata ingamba zimwe na zimwe zo gukumira birashobora kugabanya neza amahirwe yo kuba ibikoresho bidakuraho imikorere mibi.
(I) Kubungabunga buri gihe
Tegura gahunda iboneye yo kubungabunga ikigo gikora imashini kandi ugenzure buri gihe, usukure, usige amavuta, kandi uhindure ibice bijyanye nibikoresho bidacometse. Kurugero, buri gihe ugenzure imikorere yimikorere igikoresho kidacana solenoid valve hanyuma usukure intanga ya valve; reba kashe hamwe namavuta ya silinderi yibikoresho hanyuma uhite usimbuza kashe ishaje kandi wuzuze amavuta; reba imyambarire ya spindle ikurura inzara hamwe namasahani hanyuma ukore ibikenewe cyangwa gusimburwa.
(II) Gukosora imikorere no gukoresha
Abakoresha bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa yumwuga kandi bamenyereye imikorere yikigo gikora imashini. Mugihe cyibikorwa, koresha igikoresho kidapfundura neza neza kandi wirinde gukora nabi. Kurugero, ntukande ku gahato igikoresho kidafungura igikoresho mugihe igikoresho kizunguruka kugirango wirinde kwangiza igikoresho kidacana ibice. Mugihe kimwe, witondere niba kwishyiriraho igikoresho shank ari byo kandi urebe ko igikoresho cya shank collet cyujuje ibisobanuro bisabwa.
(III) Kugenzura ibidukikije
Komeza ibikorwa byikigo gikora imashini isukuye, yumutse, nubushyuhe bukwiye. Irinde umwanda nkumukungugu nubushuhe kugirango winjire imbere yigikoresho kidacana kugirango wirinde ibice, ingese, cyangwa guhagarikwa. Igenzura ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bikora murwego rwemewe rwikigo gikora imashini kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwimikorere cyangwa kwangirika kubice biterwa nubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa buke cyane.
VI. Umwanzuro
Ibikoresho bidakuraho imikorere mibi yimashini nimwe mubintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe yikigo. Binyuze mu isesengura rirambuye ry'impamvu zisanzwe zitera gukora imikorere mibi, harimo kwangirika ku bice nk'ibikoresho byo gukemura ibibazo bihuye, nko gutahura no gutahura no gutahura no gusimbuza ibice byangiritse, Kuzuza amavuta, no guhindura imizunguruko, kandi uhujwe ningamba zo gukumira igikoresho kudakuraho imikorere mibi, nko kuyitaho buri gihe, gukora neza no kuyikoresha, no kugenzura ibidukikije, ubwizerwe bwibikoresho bidacometse mu bigo by’imashini burashobora kunozwa neza, amahirwe yo gukora nabi arashobora kugabanuka, imikorere inoze kandi ihamye y’ibigo bikora imashini irashobora gukemurwa, kandi umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa n’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza. Abakozi n'abakozi bashinzwe kwita ku bigo by’imashini bagomba gusobanukirwa byimbitse nimpamvu zitera imikorere mibi nigisubizo kugirango bashobore gusuzuma vuba kandi neza kandi bagakemura ibikoresho bidakumira imikorere mibi mubikorwa kandi bagatanga inkunga ikomeye kubikorwa no gukora inganda.