Amakuru - Gisesengura ibintu bitatu byingenzi bisaba gupima neza mugihe utanga ikigo cyimashini ya CNC.

Isesengura ryibintu byingenzi muburyo bwo kwakira neza ibigo bya CNC

Ibisobanuro: Uru rupapuro rusobanura mu buryo burambuye ku bintu bitatu by'ingenzi bigomba gupimwa kugira ngo bisobanuke neza igihe utanga ibigo bitunganya imashini za CNC, aribyo geometrike, neza neza, hamwe no guca neza. Binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse ryerekana ibisobanuro bya buri kintu gisobanutse neza, ibikubiye mu igenzura, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kugenzura, hamwe n’ibikorwa byo kugenzura, bitanga ubuyobozi bwuzuye kandi bunonosoye ku mirimo yo kwemerera ibigo by’imashini za CNC, bifasha kwemeza ko ibigo by’imashini bifite imikorere myiza n’ibisobanuro iyo byatanzwe kugira ngo bikoreshwe, byujuje ibisabwa mu buryo bunoze bwo gutunganya umusaruro w’inganda.

I. Intangiriro

Nka kimwe mu bikoresho byibanze mu nganda zigezweho, ubusobanuro bwibigo bitunganya CNC bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ubwiza bwibikorwa bitunganijwe kandi bikabyara umusaruro. Mugihe cyo gutanga, ni ngombwa gukora ibipimo byuzuye kandi byitondewe no kwemera neza geometrike, guhagarara neza, no guca neza. Ibi ntabwo bifitanye isano gusa no kwizerwa kwibikoresho mugihe byabanje gukoreshwa, ariko kandi ni garanti yingenzi kubikorwa byayo bizamara igihe kirekire kandi bitunganijwe neza.

II. Ubugenzuzi bwa Geometrike Yububiko bwa CNC

(I) Ibintu byo kugenzura no gusobanura

Dufashe urugero rusanzwe rwo gutunganya imashini ihagaze nkurugero, igenzura ryayo rya geometrike ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi byingenzi.

Ubuso bwubuso bukora: Nka clamping yerekanwe kubikorwa, uburinganire bwubuso bwakorewe bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye bwo gushyiramo ibihangano hamwe nubwiza bwa planari nyuma yo gutunganywa. Niba uburinganire burenze kwihanganira, ibibazo nkubunini butaringaniye hamwe no kwangirika kwubutaka bizagaragara mugihe cyo gutunganya ibishushanyo mbonera.
Guhinduranya Kwimuka muri buri Cyerekezo Cyerekezo: Gutandukana kwa perpendicularity hagati ya X, Y, na Z guhuza amashoka bizatera 扭曲变形 muburyo bwa geometrike yimiterere yibikorwa byakozwe. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gusya cuboid igihangano, muburyo bwa perpendicular impande zombi zizagira gutandukana, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yinteko yakazi.
Kuringaniza Ubuso bukora mugihe cyimuka muri X na Y Guhuza Icyerekezo: Uku kubangikanya kwemeza ko isano ihagaze hagati yigikoresho cyo gukata hamwe nubuso bwakorwaga ikomeza guhoraho mugihe igikoresho cyimukiye mu ndege X na Y. Bitabaye ibyo, mugihe cyo gusya planari, amafaranga yo gutunganya ataringaniye azabaho, bigatuma igabanuka ryubwiza bwubutaka ndetse no kwambara cyane kubikoresho byo gutema.
Kuringaniza Kuruhande rwa T-slot kuri Worktable Surface mugihe cyo Kwimuka mu cyerekezo cya X Coordinateur: Kubikorwa byo gutunganya ibintu bisaba umwanya uhagaze ukoresheje T-slot, ubunyangamugayo bwibijyanye nuburinganire bwimikorere, ibyo nabyo bigira ingaruka kumyanya ihagaze neza no gutunganya neza akazi.
Axial Runout ya Spindle: Imirongo ya axial ya spindle izatera akantu gato kwimura igikoresho cyo gukata mu cyerekezo cya axial. Mugihe cyo gucukura, kurambirana nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya, bizavamo amakosa mubunini bwa diameter yubunini, kwangirika kwa silindrike, no kwiyongera kwubuso.
Imirasire ya Radial ya Bore ya Spindle: Ifata neza neza neza nigikoresho cyo gukata, bigatuma imyanya ya radiyo igikoresho idahinduka mugihe cyo kuzunguruka. Iyo usya uruziga rwo hanze cyangwa umwobo urambiranye, bizongera imiterere ya kontour yibice bigize imashini, bikagorana kwemeza kuzenguruka na silindrike.
Kubangikanya Axis ya Spindle mugihe agasanduku ka Spindle kagenda kerekeza kuri Z Umuhuzabikorwa wa Z: Iyi ngingo yerekana neza ningirakamaro kugirango habeho guhuza umwanya ugereranije hagati yigikoresho cyo gukata hamwe nakazi kakozwe mugihe utunganya imyanya itandukanye ya Z-axis. Niba parallelism ari mibi, ubujyakuzimu butaringaniye buzabaho mugihe cyo gusya cyane cyangwa kurambirana.
Perpendicularity of Spindle Rotation Axis to the Worktable Surface: Kubigo bikora imashini ihagaritse, iyi perpendicularity igena neza neza neza na neza gutunganya imashini ihagaritse hamwe nuburinganire. Niba hari gutandukana, ibibazo nkibidahagaritse bihagaritse hamwe nuburinganire bwuburinganire butagaragara.
Kugororoka kwa Spindle Box Movement kuruhande rwa Z Guhuza Icyerekezo: Ikosa rigororotse rizatera igikoresho cyo gukata gutandukana nicyerekezo cyiza kigororotse mugihe cyo kugenda kuri Z-axis. Mugihe cyo gutunganya ibyobo byimbitse cyangwa intambwe nyinshi zintambwe, bizatera amakosa ya coaxiality hagati yintambwe namakosa agororotse yibyobo.

(II) Ibikoresho Byakunze Kugenzurwa

Igenzura rya geometrike risaba gukoresha urukurikirane rwibikoresho byo kugenzura neza. Urwego rusobanutse rushobora gukoreshwa mugupima uburinganire bwubuso bwakorwaga hamwe nuburinganire nuburinganire muri buri murongo uhuza icyerekezo; Agasanduku gasobanutse neza, kare-iburyo, hamwe nabategetsi babangikanye barashobora gufasha mukumenya perpendicularité na parallelism; itara ryumucyo rirashobora gutanga umurongo-mwinshi werekana imirongo igororotse yo kugereranya; ibipimo byerekana na micrometero bikoreshwa cyane mugupima utuntu duto duto twimuka hamwe na runout, nka axial runout na radial runout ya spindle; ibizamini byo hejuru-bisobanutse bikunze gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane neza neza uruziga rwa bore nubusabane buhagaze hagati ya spindle na cooride axe.

(III) Kwirinda

Igenzura rya geometrike yibigo bitunganya CNC bigomba kurangizwa icyarimwe nyuma yo guhindura neza ibigo bitunganya CNC. Ibi ni ukubera ko hari isano ifitanye isano kandi iganira hagati yerekana ibimenyetso bitandukanye bya geometrike. Kurugero, uburinganire bwubuso bukora hamwe nuburinganire bwimikorere ya cooride axe irashobora kubuza undi. Guhindura ikintu kimwe gishobora kugira urunigi rwibindi bintu bifitanye isano. Niba ikintu kimwe cyahinduwe hanyuma kigasuzumwa kimwekimwe, biragoye kumenya neza niba ubusobanuro rusange bwa geometrike bwujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, kandi nanone ntabwo bifasha gushakisha intandaro yo gutandukana neza no gukora gahunda ihamye no gukora neza.

III. Kugenzura Ibibanza Byuzuye bya CNC Imashini

(I) Ibisobanuro no Guhindura Ibintu byo Guhitamo neza

Ibirindiro byerekana neza umwanya uhagaze neza ko buri murongo uhuza umurongo wa CNC ikora imashini ishobora kugeraho iyobowe nigikoresho cyo kugenzura umubare. Biterwa ahanini nubugenzuzi bwuzuye bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare namakosa ya sisitemu yo kohereza imashini. Gukemura sisitemu yo kugenzura imibare, interpolation algorithms, hamwe nibisobanuro byibikoresho byerekana ibitekerezo byose bizagira ingaruka kumwanya uhagaze. Kubijyanye no guhererekanya imashini, ibintu nkikosa ryikibanza cyicyuma kiyobora, gutandukana hagati yicyuma cyayobora nimbuto, kugororoka no guterana gari ya moshi iyobora nabyo ahanini bigena urwego rwukuri ruhagaze.

(II) Ibirimo Kugenzura

Umwanya Uhagaze na Gusubiramo Ibirindiro Byerekanwe bya buri murongo ugana icyerekezo: Icyerekezo cyumwanya kigaragaza itandukaniro riri hagati yumwanya wateganijwe hamwe nukuri kugeze kumwanya uhuza umurongo wa axe, mugihe imyanya isubirwamo isubiramo yerekana urwego rwimyanya itandukanijwe mugihe umurongo uhuza umurongo ugenda ujya kumwanya umwe wateganijwe. Kurugero, mugihe ukora urusyo rwa kontour, kutamenya neza guhagarara bizatera gutandukana hagati yimiterere yimiterere ya kontour yakozwe na kontour yabugenewe, hamwe nuburyo budasubirwaho bwo guhagarara neza bizaganisha kumyitozo idahuye mugihe itunganya ibintu bimwe inshuro nyinshi, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yubuso no muburinganire.
Garuka Kugaragaza neza Inkomoko ya Mechanical ya buri murongo ugana icyerekezo cya Axis: Inkomoko yubukanishi niho yerekeza umurongo uhuza umurongo, kandi kugaruka kwayo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye neza ku myanya ibanza ya cooride axe nyuma yuko igikoresho cyimashini gikoreshwa cyangwa igikorwa cyo kugaruka kwa zeru. Niba kugaruka gutomoye kutari hejuru, birashobora gutuma habaho gutandukana hagati yinkomoko yumurimo uhuza ibikorwa bya sisitemu yo gutunganya nyuma ninkomoko yabugenewe, bikavamo amakosa yibikorwa bya sisitemu muburyo bwose bwo gutunganya.
Gusubira inyuma kwa buri murongo ugana icyerekezo: Iyo umurongo uhuza umurongo uhinduranya hagati yimbere ninyuma, bitewe nimpamvu nko gutandukanya ibice byogukwirakwiza imashini nimpinduka ziterwa no guterana amagambo, gusubira inyuma bizabaho. Mugutunganya imirimo hamwe no kugenda imbere no gusubira inyuma, nko gusya insinga cyangwa gukora imashini isubiranamo, gusubira inyuma bizatera amakosa asa nintambwe "intambwe" muburyo bwo gutunganya, bigira ingaruka kumikorere no mubuziranenge bwubuso.
Guhitamo Icyerekezo no Gusubiramo Ibirindiro Byibisobanuro bya buri Cyerekezo Cyimodoka (Rotary Worktable): Kubikorwa byo gutunganya imashini hamwe nakazi kazengurutswe, umwanya uhagaze neza kandi usubiramo umwanya uhoraho wibizunguruka byingirakamaro ni ngombwa mugukora ibihangano hamwe no gutondekanya uruziga cyangwa gutunganya sitasiyo nyinshi. Kurugero, mugihe utunganya ibihangano bifite uruziga ruzengurutse rwo gukwirakwiza ibintu nka turbine blade, ubusobanuro bwumuzenguruko ugena neza neza neza no gukwirakwiza uburinganire hagati yicyuma.
Garuka Icyerekezo cyinkomoko ya buri cyerekezo cyizunguruka: Bisa nkumurongo ugenda ugana umurongo, kugaruka kwukuri kwinkomoko yizunguruka ryikurikiranya bigira ingaruka kumyanya yumwanya wambere wambere nyuma yimikorere ya zeru, kandi ni ishingiro ryingenzi ryo kwemeza neza gutunganya sitasiyo nyinshi cyangwa gutunganya uruziga.
Gusubira inyuma kwa buri cyerekezo cyizenguruka: Gusubira inyuma kwakozwe mugihe umurongo uzunguruka uhinduranya hagati yimbere ninyuma bizatera gutandukana mugihe utunganya uruziga cyangwa gukora ingengabihe, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibikorwa byakazi.

(III) Uburyo bwo Kugenzura Ibikoresho

Igenzura ryerekana neza aho risanzwe rikoresha ibikoresho byo kugenzura neza nka laser interferometero hamwe nu munzani. Laser interferometer ipima neza iyimurwa rya axe ya cooride mu gusohora urumuri rwa lazeri no gupima impinduka kumpande zayo, kugirango tubone ibipimo bitandukanye nko guhagarara neza, guhagarikwa neza, no gusubiza inyuma. Igipimo cyo gusya cyashyizwe muburyo butaziguye, kandi kigasubiza inyuma amakuru yumwanya wa coordinate axis usoma impinduka mumirongo ya gritingi, ishobora gukoreshwa mugukurikirana kumurongo no kugenzura ibipimo bijyanye nuburyo buhagaze neza.

IV. Gukata Ubugenzuzi Bwuzuye bwa CNC Imashini

(I) Kamere n'akamaro ko gutema neza

Gukata neza kwikigo cya CNC gikora imashini nubusobanuro bwuzuye, bugaragaza urwego rwimashini igikoresho cyimashini gishobora kugeraho mugikorwa cyo gutema nyirizina usuzumye byimazeyo ibintu bitandukanye nka geometrike, guhagarara neza, gukata ibikoresho, guca ibipimo, hamwe no guhagarara kwa sisitemu yimikorere. Igenzura risobanutse neza nigenzura ryanyuma ryimikorere rusange yimashini kandi bifitanye isano itaziguye niba igihangano cyatunganijwe gishobora kuzuza ibisabwa.

(II) Kugenzura Ibyiciro n'ibirimo

Kugenzura Imashini imwe Kugenzura neza
- Kurambirana neza - Kuzenguruka, Cylindricity: Kurambirwa ni inzira isanzwe yo gutunganya mumashanyarazi. Kuzenguruka hamwe na silindrike yumwobo urambiwe byerekana neza urwego rwukuri rwibikoresho byimashini mugihe icyerekezo kizenguruka hamwe numurongo bikorana. Amakosa yo kuzenguruka azaganisha ku bunini bwa diameter ingana, kandi amakosa ya silindrike azatera umurongo wu mwobo kugoramye, bigira ingaruka nziza hamwe nibindi bice.
- Kuringaniza no Gutandukanya Intambwe yo Gusya hamwe na Mills ya End: Iyo usya indege ifite urusyo rwanyuma, uburinganire bugaragaza isano iri hagati yubuso bwakorwaga nindege yimodoka hamwe no kwambara kimwe kumpande zogukoresha igikoresho, mugihe itandukaniro ryintambwe ryerekana guhuza uburebure bwimbitse bwibikoresho kumwanya utandukanye mugihe cyo gusya kwa planari. Niba hari intambwe itandukanye, byerekana ko hari ibibazo bijyanye no kugenda kwimikorere yimashini mumodoka ya X na Y.
- Perpendicularity and Parallelism of Side Milling with End Mills: Iyo usya uruhande rwuruhande, perpendicularity hamwe na parallelism bigerageza kugereranya perpendicularité hagati ya spindle rotation axis hamwe na axe ya cooride hamwe nubusabane buhuye hagati yigikoresho nubuso bwerekanwe mugihe cyo guca hejuru kuruhande, ibyo bikaba bifite akamaro kanini kugirango harebwe neza neza neza neza neza neza neza neza neza na neza.
Ubugenzuzi Bwuzuye bwo Gukora Ikizamini Cyuzuye Cyuzuye Ikizamini
- Ibiri mu Gukata Igenzura Ryuzuye Kugenzura Imashini zitambitse
  - Icyerekezo cya Bore Hole - mu cyerekezo cya X-axis, Icyerekezo Y-axis, Icyerekezo cya Diagonal, na Hole Diameter Gutandukana: Ubusobanuro bwumwanya wa bore umwobo uragerageza byimazeyo icyerekezo cyibikoresho byimashini mu ndege ya X na Y hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza ibipimo muburyo butandukanye. Gutandukana kwa diameter umwobo biragaragaza kandi neza neza inzira irambiranye.
  - Kugororoka, Kuringaniza, Gutandukanya Ubunini, hamwe na Perpendicularité yo gusya Ubuso Buzengurutse hamwe na Mills End: Mugusya hejuru yizengurutse hamwe nurusyo rwanyuma, isano ihagaze neza yibikoresho ugereranije nubuso butandukanye bwibikorwa bishobora kugaragara mugihe cyo gutunganya imirongo myinshi. Kugororoka, kubangikanya, hamwe na perpendicularité bigerageza imiterere ya geometrike igaragara neza hejuru yubuso, kandi itandukaniro ryubugari ryerekana kugabanya ubujyakuzimu bwimbitse bwibikoresho muburyo bwa Z-axis.
  - Kugororoka, Kuringaniza, na Perpendicularity ya Babiri-axis Guhuza Gusya Imirongo igororotse: Imirongo ibiri ihuza guhuza imirongo igororotse nigikorwa cyibanze cyo gutunganya kontour. Iri genzura risobanutse neza rishobora gusuzuma neza inzira yimashini yimashini mugihe ishoka ya X na Y igenda ihuza, ikagira uruhare runini mugukora ibishoboka byose kugirango ibihangano bikorwe neza kandi bifite imiterere itandukanye.
  - Uruziga rwa Arc Milling hamwe na End Mills: Ubusobanuro bwo gusya arc ahanini bugerageza neza neza igikoresho cyimashini mugihe arc interpolation igenda. Amakosa yo kuzenguruka azagira ingaruka kumiterere yibikorwa byakazi hamwe na arc, nko gutwara amazu nibikoresho.

(III) Ibisabwa nibisabwa kugirango ugabanye ubugenzuzi bwuzuye

Igenzura risobanutse neza rigomba gukorwa nyuma yuburinganire bwa geometrike hamwe nuburinganire bwibikoresho byimashini byemewe nkibisabwa. Ibikoresho bikwiye byo gukata, ibipimo byo gukata, nibikoresho byakazi bigomba guhitamo. Ibikoresho byo gukata bigomba kugira ubukana bwiza no kwambara birwanya, kandi ibipimo byo gukata bigomba gutoranywa neza ukurikije imikorere yigikoresho cyimashini, ibikoresho byigikoresho cyo gukata, hamwe nibikoresho byakazi kugirango harebwe niba gukata kwukuri kwimashini kugenzurwa mugihe gisanzwe cyo gutema. Hagati aho, mugihe cyibikorwa byo kugenzura, igihangano cyatunganijwe kigomba gupimwa neza, kandi ibikoresho bipima neza cyane nka mashini yo gupima imashini hamwe na profilometero bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango hasuzumwe neza kandi neza ibipimo bitandukanye byo guca neza.

V. Umwanzuro

Igenzura ryibintu bya geometrike, neza neza, hamwe no guca neza mugihe utanga ibigo bikoresha imashini za CNC numuyoboro wingenzi kugirango umenye neza imikorere yimashini. Uburinganire bwa geometrike butanga garanti yuburyo bwibanze bwibikoresho byimashini, guhagarara neza kugena neza neza ibikoresho byimashini mugucunga ibyerekezo, kandi gukata neza ni ubugenzuzi bwuzuye bwubushobozi rusange bwo gutunganya ibikoresho byimashini. Mugihe cyo kwakirwa nyirizina, birakenewe gukurikiza byimazeyo ibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye, gufata ibikoresho nuburyo bukwiye bwo kugenzura, no gupima byimazeyo kandi byitondewe no gusuzuma ibipimo bitandukanye. Gusa iyo ibisabwa byose uko ari bitatu byujujwe, ikigo cy’imashini cya CNC gishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa kandi bigakoreshwa ku mugaragaro, bitanga serivisi zinoze kandi zinoze cyane zitunganya inganda zikora inganda no guteza imbere umusaruro w’inganda ugana ku rwego rwo hejuru kandi neza. Hagati aho, kugenzura buri gihe no kugenzura neza neza ikigo cy’imashini nacyo ni ingamba zingenzi kugirango harebwe imikorere yigihe kirekire kandi ihamye kwizerwa ryayo.